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Since Darwin proposed that human musicality evolved through sexual selection, empirical evidence has supported intersexual selection as one of the adaptive functions of artistic propensities. However, intrasexual competition has been overlooked. We tested their relative importance by investigating the relationship between the self-perceived talent/expertise in 16 artistic and 2 sports modalities and proxies of intersexual selection (i.e., mate value, mating and parenting efforts, sociosexuality, and number of sexual partners) and intrasexual competition (i.e., aggressiveness, intrasexual competitiveness) in heterosexuals. Participants were 82 Brazilian men, 166 Brazilian women, 146 Czech men, and 458 Czech women (Mage = 26.48, SD = 7.12). Factor analysis revealed five factors: Literary-arts (creative writing, humor, acting/theater/film, poetry, storytelling), Visual-arts (painting/drawing, sculpting, handcrafting, culinary arts, architecture design), Musical-arts (playing/instruments, singing, dance, whistling), Circus-arts (juggling, acrobatics), and Sports (individual, collective). Multivariate General Linear Model (GLM) showed more associations of the arts to intersexual selection in women and to intrasexual selection in men, and overall more relationships in women than in men. In women, literary and musical-arts were related to elevated inter- and intrasexual selections proxies, visual and circus-arts were related to elevated intersexual selection proxies, and sports were related to intrasexual selection proxies. In men, literary-arts and sports were related to elevated inter- and intrasexual selection proxies, musical-arts were related to intrasexual proxies, and circus-arts were related to intersexual proxies; visual-arts did not have predictors. Although present in both sexes, each sexual selection component has different relative importance in each sex. Artisticality functions to attract and maintain long/short-term partners, and to compete with mating rivals.

By conceptualizing Sexual Selection, Darwin showed a way to analyze intra-specific individual differences within an evolutionary perspective. Interestingly, Sexual Selection is often used to investigate the origins of sports, arts, humor, religion and other phenomena that, in several languages, are simply called “play.” Despite their manifested differences, these phenomena rely on shared psychological processes, including playfulness. Further, in such behaviors there is usually considerable individual variability, including sex differences, and positive relationship with mating success. However, Sexual Selection is rarely applied in the study of play, with exception to what is concerned as infant training behavior for adult sex roles. We offer an integrated grounding of playful phenomena aligning evolutionary propositions based on sexual selection, which might stimulate further exploration of playfulness within evolutionary perspective.

Em dezembro de 2019, aquando do anúncio da existência de um novo vírus na província Chinesa de Wuhan, ninguém fazia prever que, poucos meses depois, uma crise de saúde pública assombrasse o mundo. Este fenómeno veio transformar o quotidiano das sociedades, ao nível mundial, obrigando as pessoas ao isolamento social. Ao nível económico, os impactos negativos foram enormes, face ao encerramento em massa de várias indústrias por todo o mundo, destacando-se entre elas, a indústria do turismo. Com as fronteiras encerradas e a proibição de circulação imposta pela maioria dos países, viajar passou a ser algo inalcançável, mas também algo indesejado. Apesar da recuperação atual ao nível da saúde, o impacto deste fenômeno nas populações, enquanto consumidoras de turismo, foi gigantesco, e como tal, compreendê-lo é, sem dúvida, a chave para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de desenvolvimento no setor. Estudar o turista enquanto ser humano nunca foi tão importante, sendo fundamental a integração de outras áreas que, até então, não tinham sido consideradas no estudo do comportamento do consumidor. Dada a complexidade do consumidor de turismo, enquanto ser humano, estudar a influência dos fatores sociais no seu comportamento já não é suficiente, sendo a análise dos fatores biológicos uma visão fundamental. Desta forma, através deste documento foram levantadas novas perspetivas sobre o estudo do comportamento do consumidor, unindo as ciências sociais e as ciências naturais, através da psicologia evolucionista. Face aos dados recolhidos, através de um questionário online, ficou claro o contributo que a união destas duas ciências tem para a análise e compreensão do comportamento do consumidor.

Resumen Se presentan los orígenes de la psicología evolucionista cuyos fundamentos se remontan a las obras de Charles R. Darwin (1859, 1871, 1872). En sus principales libros se encuentran referencias a la mente, el comportamiento y la cognición de los seres humanos y de animales no humanos. Darwin afirmaba que la teoría de la evolución contribuiría a entender mejor a la especie humana y su comportamiento y que la psicología podría estudiarse bajo una "nueva luz". Más adelante aparece la sociobiología de Wilson (1975) y, posteriormente, la psicología evolucionista (Buss, 1999; Cosmides & Tooby, 1992, 2005, 2017; Barkow, et aL, 1992), la cual propone respuestas frente a las limitaciones de la sociobiología. La psicología evolucionista es uno de los campos de investigación y teorización de mayor relevancia en las ciencias del comportamiento en estas primeras décadas del siglo XXI. El presente artículo analiza los orígenes de la psicología evolucionista, su desarrollo, sus logros, sus limitaciones y las críticas que ha recibido. Abstract In this article, the origins of evolutionary psychology are presented beginning with Charles R. Darwin's main works (1859, 1871, 1872). In his books, Darwin wrote about the mind, the behavior, and the cognition of human and non-human animals. He stated that the theory of evolution could contribute to a better understanding of the human species and its behavior and that psychology could be studied in a "new light". Many years later, Wilson (1975) introduced sociobiology as a discipline, and later, other authors set the fundamentals of evolutionary psychology (Buss, 1999; Cosmides & Tooby, 1992, 2005, 2017; Barkow, et aL, 1992). Evolutionary psychology has been one of the most relevant research and theorizing fields in behavioral sciences in the first decades of the 21st Century. The present paper analyzes the origins of evolutionary psychology, its development, achievements, and the criticism it has received.