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Sand sieving is now considered one of the essential needs in the construction industry. Where businesses collaborate to find the best and highest-quality methods for extracting pure sand suitable for construction. These businesses always require high-quality machines to complete the process flawlessly. This is also to prove its market power and guarantee its products. This research talks about the various mechanisms for designing and manufacturing sand sieving. The sand sieving process expresses the filtering of sand from the rest of the components such as stones or gravel. The literature department studied ten different studies in the design and manufacture of sand sieving machine in different ways. Where these methods vary between using the engine and electricity and using the primitive manual method. After performing these machines several tests and evaluation of the process, it was found that the engine speed affected the energy consumed to sift the sand. Also, the sieve holes are affected by the size of the sifted sand. Where sieves are manufactured in different sizes to suit the size of the sand to be purified. On the other hand, this article contains the future recommendation of the machine to avoid errors and give effective results as needed.

A substantial effort has recently been made to fabricate numerous combinations of metal matrix composites. Aluminium metal matrix composite (AlMMCs) has been extremely popular among MMCs and is best suited for lighter materials in various industries and domestic applications. AlMMCs have significant faults in terms of production costs. More research is needed to develop AlMMCs that are both economic and suitable for a wide range of industrial applications. AlMMCs are manufactured using the casting technique, solid-state processing, infiltration method, accumulative roll bonding, spray deposition, friction stir processing, and other technologies. This chapter will summarize the current state of the art in aluminum-based metal matrix composites, as well as recent developments in processing and application, all in one location, so that relevant stakeholders can benefit the most and new advancements on such themes can be fostered.

Industrial, residential and commercial noise levels are to be maintained for acoustic comfort living conditions. Sound annoyance is a sensation of discontentment linked with any driving force from machines or a circumstance. It is certain that, noise can harm human hearing capacity and brain neuron cells. Novelty of this study was the design of window air conditioner with modified heat exchanger coils with phase change material and water were used as refrigerants. Noise and vibration assessment of the constructal designed window air conditioner (CDWAC) and normal window air conditioner (NWAC) with the conventional vapor compression system was carried out. The noise levels, daily exposure noise level, noise criteria levels of the developed window air conditioner was found to be satisfactory according to the British Standard 4142 and noise at work regulations 1789. The noise criteria for the CDWAC with phase change material and water exhibited a better performance around 50 dB whereas the NWAC with vapor compression system was around 60 dB. For normal window AC the RMS value is about 0.62 and constructal window AC is about 0.38. peak amplitude was observed as 0.346 m/s2 in the CDWAC whereas it was about 0.512 m/s2 for NWAC compressor. The amplitude of vibration is very nominal in between 2 to 2.5 s in CDWAC and the peak variation is same as in 1.5 s. Results reveal that the noise and vibration performance of the construction designed window air conditioner was better than the NWAC. HIGHLIGHTS The design of constructal window air conditioner was an attempt to minimize one of the disorders or imperfections in the system that is the noise level created by the air conditioner during its operation Noise and vibration analysis of constructal designed window air conditioner was studied in comparison with the normal window air conditioner Vibration analysis was carried out through the experimental investigation Time domain analysis and spectral analysis of both the air conditioners were performed and the curves were plotted for better understanding of the performances of both the air conditioners in connection with vibration during operation In sum, it is found that constructal law based design of window air conditioner performs better than the normal window air conditioner GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT