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Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathophysiological condition defined by a set of metabolic alterations such as hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, low HDL-c levels, and visceral obesity. Its presence identifies people with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes; however, the lack of practical and reliable methods for its diagnosis limits the identification of people with this condition. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the diagnostic utility of markers derived from the lipid profile [triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index and the ratios total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglyceride (TG)/HDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/HDL-c, fasting blood glucose (FBG)/HDL-c, and white blood cell/HDL-c] in the determination of MetS. Methods: A retrospective study was designed that included 619 individuals. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the associations of the different markers with MetS, and the cutoff points of the markers were determined through an analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves and the Youden Index. Results: A positive and significant association was observed between all markers and the presence of MetS. The cutoff values for the markers that best predicted MetS were TyG ≥ 4.8 (sensitivity = 91.4%, specificity = 74.3%), TC/HDL-c ≥ 3.7 (sensitivity = 74.3%, specificity = 75.7%), TG/HDL-c ≥ 3.3 (sensitivity = 82.5%, specificity = 84.0%), and FBG/HDL-c ≥ 2.0 (sensitivity = 85.1%, specificity = 79.7%). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the diagnostic relevance of the different markers in detecting MetS, suggesting that these ratios may be useful in clinical practice for the opportune and accurate diagnosis of MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia contribute to the endogenous formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and diet constitutes one of the exogenous sources. The binding of AGEs to receptor for glycation end products (RAGE) induces signaling pathways that activate the transcription of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) levels have been proposed as a biomarker in inflammatory diseases. Several studies describe the role of RAGE in obesity, so it has been discussed whether there is a differential pattern between children with normal weight and obesity. Several studies describe the role of RAGE in obesity, so it has been discussed whether there is a differential pattern between children with normal weight and obesity. Aim. Describe the relationship between RAGE, its isoforms, ligands, biological functions, and comorbidities related to childhood obesity. To determine if decreased sRAGE levels represent a biomarker of childhood obesity based on the results of clinical, observational, and cross-sectional studies. Methodology. Descriptive review of studies published in the period from 2016 to 2022 in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the terms "AGEs", "RAGE", "sRAGE", "childhood obesity". Results and conclusion. A total of 141 articles related to the keywords were consulted. The elimination criteria consisted of references published before 2015, except for classic references. 63 articles from 2016 to 2022 were reviewed, six represent cross-sectional studies on sRAGE levels in the pediatric population, finding differences in the expression of RAGE according to nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exposure to air pollutants causes significant damage to health, and inefficient cooking and heating practices produce high levels of household air pollution, including a wide range of health-damaging pollutants such as fine particles, carbon monoxide and PAHs. The exposure to PAHs has been associated with the development of neoplastic processes, asthma, genotoxicity, altered neurodevelopment and inflammation. The effects on the induction of proinflammatory cytokines are attributed to the activation of AhR. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the PAHs produce proinflammatory effects are unknown. This study was performed on a group of 41 Mexican women from two rural communities who had stoves inside their houses, used wood as biomass fuel, and, thus, were vulnerable. According to the urinary 1-OHP concentration, the samples were stratified into two groups for determination of the levels of TNF-α, AhR, CYP1B1, miR-125b and miR-155 expression. Our results showed that the CYP1B1, TNF-α, miR-125b and miR-155 expression levels were not statistically different between women with the lowest and highest levels of 1-OHP. Interestingly, high levels of PAHs promoted augmented expression of AhR, which is a protein involved in the modulation of inflammatory pathways in vivo, suggesting that cell signaling of AhR may be implicated in several pathogenesis processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) interact with the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Full-length RAGE is associated with intracellular signal transduction, and soluble-RAGE (sRAGE) lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, acting as a competitive inhibitor of AGEs-RAGE binding. sRAGE levels in healthy children are associated with cell surface expression of RAGE. However, the expression of RAGE has not been explored in childhood obesity. Objective: the study aim was to evaluate the sRAGE levels and the gene expression of RAGE in children and its association with cardiometabolic markers. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study with 6-11-year children, 20 with overweight and 20 with obesity. Anthropometric measurements included waist circumference (cm) (wC), neck circumference (NC), weight (kg), fat mass (%), trunk fat (kg), muscular mass (kg), height (cm), and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m²). Blood samples following an overnight fast were collected to measure glucose (mg/dl) and lipid profile with colorimetric methods. sRAGE was determined in serum using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative reverse transcription (RT-qPCR) was performed to analyze RAGE transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated by Ficoll®-Hypaque. Results: we found higher RAGE (p = 0.0315) and lower sRAGE (p = 0.0305) levels in the obesity group. sRAGE level showed a negative correlation with RAGE (r = -0.35) and BMI (r = -0.24), and positive with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.29). Regression analysis suggests that HDL-C and RAGE levels are predictors of sRAGE levels. Conclusions: expression of RAGE is associated with lower sRAGE levels in childhood obesity. Moreover, obese children show higher cardiometabolic risk markers, and a positively associated with sRAGE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]