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During diapause, a state of temporarily arrested development, insects require low winter temperatures to suppress their metabolism, conserve energy stores and acquire cold hardiness. A warmer winter could, thus, reduce diapause incidence and duration in many species, prematurely deplete their energy reserves and compromise post-diapause fitness. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of thermal stress and the diapause program on the expression of selected genes involved in antioxidant defense and heat shock response in the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis. By using qRT-PCR, it has been shown that response to chronic heat stress is characterized by raised mRNA levels of grx and trx, two important genes of the antioxidant defense system, as well as of hsp70 and, somewhat, of hsp90, two major heat shock response proteins. On the other hand, the expression of hsc70, hsp20.4 and hsp20.1 was discontinuous in the latter part of diapause, or was strongly controlled by the diapause program and refractory to heat stress, as was the case for mtn and fer, genes encoding two metal storage proteins crucial for metal ion homeostasis. This is the first time that the effects of high winter temperatures have been assessed on cold-hardy diapausing larvae and pupae of this important corn pest.

In maize plants the attack of European corn borer can cause significant damages, which can lessen by insecticide application in crop protection. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of insecticides on the total length of channels in maize plant stem formed by the feeding of larvae Ostrinia nubilalis. The research was carried out in Maize Research Institute different FAO ripening groups (ZP 434, ZP 600 and ZP 666) and three insecticides chlorantraniliprole (200 g l-1), bifenthrin (100 g l-1) and lufenuron (50 g l-1)+(cypermethrin (50 g l-1) + chlorpyrifos (500 g l-1)), which were applied only after the maximum flight of the first generation to protect plants from attack of European corn borer. The result showed significantly different total length of channels in the stem of plants, caused by feeding of the larvae of European corn borer, which varied from the lowest on treatment with insecticide chlorantraniliprole in maize genotype ZP 600 (170.00 cm) to the highest in maize genotype ZP 666 (278.33 cm) on the control variant (without insecticide application). For all treatments, the average value of total length of channels in stem, was the lowest 192.92 cm in ZP 434, slightly higher 195.42 cm in ZP 600, while the highest average value of total length of channels was 233.34 cm in maize genotype ZP 606. The established differences for total length of channels depended on genotype and type of insecticide applied

Background and Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for about 95% of oral cancers. It represents a serious public health problem due to the high degree of morbidity and mortality, as well as multifactorial etiology. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a well-documented risk factor for oropharyngeal carcinoma, but its role in oral carcinogenesis is still debatable. Our aim was to investigate the differences in the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes (HR-HPV) in patients with OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) from that of healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 subjects were included in the cross-sectional study and divided into three groups of 30 patients each: (1) patients with OSCC, (2) patients with OPMD, and (3) healthy subjects. We examined the presence of 12 HR-HPV genotypes in the obtained biological material (oral swabs) using real-time PCR. Results: One or more of the 12 tested HR-HPV genotypes were detected in 5/30 patients with OSCC and 2/30 with OPMD, whereas no healthy subjects were positive for any of the tested genotypes. There was a statistically significant difference in nodal involvement between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients with OSCC. Conclusions: Oral HR-HPV was detected in patients with oral premalignant and malignant lesions but not in healthy individuals, suggesting a possible role in oral carcinogenesis. Broad HR-HPV panel testing could increase the sensitivity of risk assessment and screening for OSCC.

During last years, the total losses from European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) can reach a high threshold of harmfulness although the different agro-technical measures that are being implemented. According to the sensitivity of hybrids, the damage may vary from only a few percent in tolerant hybrids, up to 30-40% on moderately intolerant hybrids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variability and bioresponsiveness of four maize genotypes (ZP 427, ZP 434, ZP 600 and ZP 666) to applied insecticides and bioinsecticides and the interdependence of population dynamics. The research has been conducted in 2016 and 2018 in accordance with the EPPO method in field conditions in maize crops. Out of a total of 11.023 attacks in both years of research, in 2016. the largest number of plants (4.841) were with a broken stalk above the ear and at the height of the ear and belonged to categories C3 to C8. In 2018. 3.672 plants were dominated by leaf damage and perforation in the stalk type H2. Analyzing the effectiveness of the tested insecticides and bioinsecticides by application times, an uniformity in the number of plants with recorded symptoms of damage was observed. Thus, foliar treatment with chlorantraniliprole insecticide proved to be the most effective with the least number of attacked plants with a high degree of damage. In contrast, bioinsecticide treatment of plants, in addition to a large number of infested plants, was dominated by high categories of damage that deviated from all other treatments as well as from the control. Within the definition of the degree of tolerance of maize hybrids, the influence of treatment on changes in secondary metabolites (phytins) in seeds was observed. It was noticed that there is a trend of positive correlation of the amount of phytin in the seed (mg/g) with the attack of moths of the first generation and the number of dissected larvae, as well as a trend of negative correlation with the percentage of attacks of moths of

Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. je štetočina kukuruza koja u pojedinim godišnjim dobima može naneti veliku štetu biljkama. Cilj ovog rada je proučavanje otpornosti odnosno podložnosti hibrida napadu kukuruznog plamenca i efekata različitih doza insekticida i vremena primene u zaštiti od ove štetočine na biljkama kukuruza, ali prvenstveno uticaj hibrida na intenzitet napada. Šest hibrida kukuruza različitih grupa zrenja (ZP 427, ZP 434, ZP 555, ZP 600, ZP 606 i ZP 666) korišćeno je za proučavanje dejstva napada Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., na kontrolnu varijantu T1 bez primene insekticida i na varijantu tretiranu sa dva insekticida Fobos EC (bifentrin - 200 ml ha-1) i kombinacijom Match 050 EC i Nurelle D (lufenuron 50 g l-1 i hlorpirifos 500 g l-1 + cipermetrin 50 g l-1), 0.75 l ha-1) u dva termina (u prvoj generaciji za vreme leta insekata T2 i T3 i u drugoj generaciji za vreme leta insekata T4 i T5) u tri ponavljanja. Rezultati su pokazali najveći intenzitet Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. napad i stepen oštećenja na kontrolnoj varijanti i značajne razlike između tretmana za ispitivane parametre. Posmatrajući sve hibride i tretmane, nije utvrđena statistička značajnost između šest ispitivanih hibrida kukuruza različitih grupa zrelosti. U kontrolnoj varijanti najveći napad (oštećenje) je bio na biljkama kod hibrida ZP 666 (94,28%) i ZP 606 (93,90%), a među varijantama primenjenih insekticida najveća šteta je konstatovana u tretmanu T5 sa primenjena kombinacija Match + Nurelle u hibridu ZP 555 i iznosila je 92,02%. Na tretmanu T1-kontrolna varijanta bez insekticida, najmanji napad sa Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. je konstatovan kod hibrida ZP 434 (od 88,76%), a među varijantama primenjenih insekticida najmanji napad je konstatovan kod varijante T2 sa primenjenim Fobos kod prve generacije insekata u hibridu ZP 434 i iznosio je 77,12%. Napad Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. i varijacija prosečne mase klipa kukuruza varirala je u zavisnosti od hibrida kukuruza i vremena primene insekticida., Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. is a corn pest that can do great damage to plants in some seasons. The aim of this paper is to study the resistance / susceptibility of hybrids to the attack of European corn borer and the effects of different doses of insecticides and time of application in protection against pests on maize plants, but primarily the influence of hybrids on attack intensity. The six maize hybrids of different maturation groups (ZP 427, ZP 434, ZP 555, ZP 600, ZP 606 and ZP 666) used for study effect of attack of Ostrinia nubillalis Hbn., on control variant T1 without application of insecticide and on variant treated with two insecticides Fobos EC (bifentrin - 200 ml ha-1 ) and combination of Match 050 EC and Nurelle D (lufenuron 50 g l -1 and hlorpirifos 500 g l -1 + cipermetrin 50 g l -1 ), 0.75 l ha-1 ) in two terms (in the first generation of insect flying T2 and T3 and in the second generation of insect flying T4 and T5) in three replication. The results showed the highest intensity of Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. attack and degree of damages on control variant and significant differences between treatments for investigated parameters. Observing all hybrids and treatments, there was no statistical significance between the six examined maize hybrids of different maturity groups. In the control variant, the greatest attack (damage) was in plants, namely in the hybrid ZP 666 (94.28%) and ZP 606 (93.90%) and among the variants of applied insecticides, the greatest damage was found in the treatment T5 with the applied combination of Match + Nurelle in hybrid ZP 555 and was 92.02%. On treatment T1-control variant without insecticides, the smallest attack with Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. was found in the hybrid ZP 434 (from 88.76%) and among the variants of applied insecticides, the smallest attack was found on variant T2 with applied Phobos in the first generation of insect in hybrid ZP 434 and amounted to 77.12%. The attack of Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. and variation of a