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This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to summarise the effect of breathing exercise techniques (BET) on the pain and anxiety of burn patients during burn care. A systematic search was performed on international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, as well as on Iranian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and Scientific Information Database (SID) with keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as 'Burns', 'Bandages', 'Pain', 'Pain management', 'Anxiety', 'Breathing', and 'Breathing exercise', which were performed from the earliest to 4 April 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist assessed the quality of randomised control trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies. The current meta-analysis was performed using STATA V.14.0 software. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine significance levels. Random effect model was used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD). A total of 469 burn patients participated in 10 studies. Exactly 58.60% of burn patients were male, and the number of people in the intervention and control groups was equal. The mean age of burn patients was 32.84 (SD = 10.39). Exactly 78.05% of patients had second-degree burns. The mean study duration was 19 weeks. Results of analysis of RCT studies showed BET decreased insignificantly pain severity (WMD: -1.17, 95%CI: -2.54 to 0.21, Z = 1.66, P = .096, I

In most health care centres, pressure ulcers (PUs) are a common concern. This systematic review aimed to summarise nurses' practice and related factors toward PU prevention. An extensive search was conducted on electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database via keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as "Pressure ulcer", "Pressure sore", "Bedsore", "Practice", and "Nurses" from the earliest to 9 March 2022. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS tool). Data extraction and quality assessment of included studies were performed by two researchers independently. A total of 6501 nurses were enrolled in twenty-nine studies. Of the participants, 75.15% were female and 55.64% were single, and 94.57% had a bachelor of science in nursing degree. Mean age and work experience of nurses was 30.69 (SD = 4.73) and 8.61 (SD = 5.44) years, respectively. The mean score of nurses' practices toward the prevention of PUs was 57.58 (SD = 14.62) out of 100. Also, 48.95% of nurses had a desirable practice toward the prevention of PUs. Factors such as knowledge (n = 6), attitude (n = 4), level of education (n = 4), a history of participating in workshops related to the prevention of PUs (n = 3), work experience (n = 2), area of practice (n = 2), self-adequacy (n = 1), follow the literature (n = 1), age (n = 1), and involvement in research (n = 1) had a significant positive relationship with nurses' practice toward PUs prevention. However, the nurses practice of PUs prevention had a significant negative relationship with lack of job satisfaction (n = 1), disproportionate nurse-to-patient ratio (n = 1), and lack of policies and guidelines (n = 1). The level of nurses' practice toward the prevention of PUs was relatively desirable. The result of this study can help improve the practice of nurses toward PUs prevention. Increasing nurses' knowledge and attitude toward PUs prevention can improve their practice. Therefore, it is suggested that policymakers and nursing managers implement PUs prevention education for nurses based on the factors associated with nurses' practice.

The present systematic review was conducted to examine self-esteem and related factors in burns patients.A comprehensive search was conducted from the first to the April 1, 2022 at the international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as "Burns", "Self-confidence", "Self-perception", "Self-esteem", and "Self-concept".A total of 762 burn patients were included in this review from ten cross-sectional studies. The mean score of self-esteem in burn patients based on Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, State Self-Esteem Scale, Cooper Smith's self-esteem questionnaire, and Rifai's self-esteem scale were 17.77 (SD = 5.55) out of 30, 65.91 (SD = 5.49) out of 100, 56.68 (SD = 5.49) out of 100, and 109.77 (SD = 9.55) out of 145, respectively. Factors associated with self-esteem in burns patients were gender, occupation, the location of the burn, type of burn, site of burn, burn scar, and quality of life had a significant relationship with burn patients' self-esteem. Factors such as social support, family support, friends support, and supporting others, had a significant positive relationship with self-esteem of burns patient. However, self-esteem in patients with burn had a significant negative relationship with grade of burn injury, percentage of burn, depth of burn, facial burn, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychiatric morbidity, major depressive, and suicidality factors.Overall, patients with burns had moderate levels of self-esteem. Therefore, it is recommended that health professionals use interdisciplinary approaches to better manage burn patients.

This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence regarding death anxiety (DA) and related factors among nurses. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database (SID) databases were extensively searched using purpose-related keywords from the earliest to October 5, 2021. A total of 6819 nurses were included in 31 studies. The DA of nurses based on the Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale was moderate. Factors such as personal anxiety, frequency and severity of job stress, burnout, dying patient avoidance behavior, euthanasia, sex, mental health status, social desirability, attitude toward the elderly, humor, social maturity, psychological hardiness, quality of life, lack of social activity, self-efficacy, coping with death, and life satisfaction were associated with nurses’ DA. Therefore, nursing policymakers can promote nurses’ health to improve the quality of nursing care by considering these related factors.