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The syntheses of various manganese and iron PCP pincer complexes via a solvothermal oxidative addition methodology is described. Upon reacting [Mn2(CO)10] with the ligands (P(C–Br)PCH2-iPr) (1a) and (P(C–Br)PO-iPr) (1b), Mn(I) PCP pincer complexes [Mn(PCPCH2-iPr)(CO)3] (2a) and [Mn(-PCPO-iPr)(CO)3] (2b) were obtained. Protonation of 2a with HBF4·Et2O led to the formation of [Mn(κ3P,CH,P-P(CH)PCH2-iPr)(CO)3]BF4 (3) featuring an η2-Caryl–H agostic bond. The solvothermal reaction of 1a with [Fe2(CO)9] afforded the Fe(II) PCP pincer complex [Fe(PCPCH2-iPr)(CO)2Br] (4). Treatment of 4 with Li[HBEt3] afforded the Fe(I) complex [Fe(PCPCH2-iPr)(CO)2] (5a). When using the sterically more demanding ligands (P(C–Br)PCH2-tBu) (1c) and (P(C–Br)PO-tBu)(1d) striking differences in reactivity were observed. While neither 1c nor 1d showed any reactivity towards [Mn2(CO)10], the reaction with [Fe2(CO)9] and [Fe(CO)5] led to the formation of the Fe(I) complexes [Fe(PCPCH2-tBu)(CO)2] (5b) and [Fe(PCPO-tBu)(CO)2] (5c). X-ray structures of representative complexes are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a pressing need for sustainable sources of proteins to address the escalating food demands of the expanding global population, without damaging the environment. Lentil proteins offer a more sustainable alternative to animal-derived proteins (such as those from meat, fish, eggs, or milk). They are abundant, affordable, protein rich, nutritious, and functional, which makes them highly appealing as ingredients in the food, personal care, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and other industries. In this article, the chemical composition, nutritional value, and techno-functional properties of lentil proteins are reviewed. Then, recent advances on the extraction, purification, and modification of lentil proteins are summarized. Hurdles to the widespread utilization of lentil proteins in the food industry are highlighted, along with potential strategies to surmount these challenges. Finally, the potential applications of lentil protein in foods and beverages are discussed. The intention of this article is to offer an up-to-date overview of research on lentil proteins, addressing gaps in the knowledge related to their potential nutritional benefits and functional advantages for application within the food industry. This includes exploring the utilization of lentil proteins as nanocarriers for bioactive compounds, emulsifiers, edible inks for 3D food printing, meat analogs, and components of biodegradable packaging., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Previously, we showed that restrictive diets, including ketogenic diet (KD), have an anti-inflammatory impact on the healthy gastrointestinal tract of mice. Afterward, we found that energy-restricting diets mitigate inflammation in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis mouse model. The current study aimed to verify the impact of KD on DSS colitis and assess if the diet's fat composition influences the outcomes of the intervention. Mice with mild chronic colitis were fed control chow, KD composed of long-chain triglycerides (KD LCT) or a KD containing a mix of LCT and medium-chain triglycerides (KD LCT/MCT). KDs did not reverse DSS-enhanced gut permeability and shortening of the colon. Both KDs had a similar impact on liver, cecum, and spleen weight, villi and colon length, the thickness of muscularis externa, and expression of ZO-1 and occludin. On the contrary, body weight, glutathione (GSH) and taurine-GSH levels, GSH-S transferase (GST), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, as well as an abundance of several fecal bacteria, all were differentially affected by the two types of KDs. When compared to the DSS control diet, reduction in colon mucosa cytokines expression was stronger in KD LCT than in the KD LCT/MCT group. We conclude that the outcomes of the KD interventions in terms of potential therapeutical applications depend on lipid composition. KD LCT showed a strong positive impact on gut inflammation. A potential contribution of GSH to KD outcomes and a correlation between MPO activity and microbiota composition was identified., Competing Interests: Declarations of competing interests None., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Previously, we demonstrated that caloric restriction (CR) stimulates the synthesis, conjugation, secretion, and deconjugation of taurine and bile acids in the intestine, as well as their reuptake. Given taurine's potent antiobesogenic properties, this study aimed to assess whether the CR-induced shift in taurine homeostasis contributes to adipose tissue loss. To verify that, male C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to 20% CR or ad libitum feeding, with variations in cage bedding and gut microbiota conditions. Additional groups received taurine supplementation or were fed a low-taurine diet (LTD). The results showed that in CR animals, taurine derived from the intestine was preferentially trafficked to epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) over other tested organs. Besides increased levels of taurine transporter TauT, gene expression of Cysteine dioxygenase (Cdo) involved in taurine synthesis was upregulated in CR eWAT. Taurine concentration in adipocytes was inversely correlated with fat pad weight of CR mice. Different types of cage bedding did not impact eWAT taurine levels; however, the lack of bedding and consumption of a diet high in soluble fiber did. Depleting gut microbiota with antibiotics or inhibiting bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity reduced WAT taurine concentration in CR mice. Taurine supplementation increased taurine levels in WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT), promoting fat loss in CR animals. LTD consumption blunted WAT loss in CR animals, with negligible impact on BAT. This study provides multiple insights into taurine's role in CR-triggered fat loss and describes a novel communication path between the liver, gut, microbiota, and WAT, with taurine acting as a messenger., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interests The authors report no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The synthesis of imines denotes a cornerstone in organic chemistry. The use of alcohols as renewable substituents for carbonyl-functionality represents an attractive opportunity. Consequently, carbonyl moieties can be in situ generated from alcohols upon transition-metal catalysis under inert atmosphere. Alternatively, bases can be utilized under aerobic conditions. In this context, we report the synthesis of imines from benzyl alcohols and anilines, promoted by KO t Bu under aerobic conditions at room temperature, in the absence of any transition-metal catalyst. A detailed investigation of the radical mechanism of the underlying reaction is presented. This reveals a complex reaction network fully supporting the experimental findings., (© 2023 The Authors. Chemistry - A European Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The syntheses of various manganese and iron PCP pincer complexes via a solvothermal oxidative addition methodology is described. Upon reacting [Mn 2 (CO) 10 ] with the ligands (P(C-Br)P CH 2 -iPr) (1a) and (P(C-Br)P O -iPr) (1b), Mn(I) PCP pincer complexes [Mn(PCP CH 2 -iPr)(CO) 3 ] (2a) and [Mn(-PCP O -iPr)(CO) 3 ] (2b) were obtained. Protonation of 2a with HBF 4 ·Et 2 O led to the formation of [Mn(κ 3 P , CH , P -P(CH)P CH 2 -iPr)(CO) 3 ]BF 4 (3) featuring an η 2 -C aryl -H agostic bond. The solvothermal reaction of 1a with [Fe 2 (CO) 9 ] afforded the Fe(II) PCP pincer complex [Fe(PCP CH 2 -iPr)(CO) 2 Br] (4). Treatment of 4 with Li[HBEt 3 ] afforded the Fe(I) complex [Fe(PCP CH 2 -iPr)(CO) 2 ] (5a). When using the sterically more demanding ligands (P(C-Br)P CH 2 - t Bu) (1c) and (P(C-Br)P O - t Bu)(1d) striking differences in reactivity were observed. While neither 1c nor 1d showed any reactivity towards [Mn 2 (CO) 10 ], the reaction with [Fe 2 (CO) 9 ] and [Fe(CO) 5 ] led to the formation of the Fe(I) complexes [Fe(PCP CH 2 - t Bu)(CO) 2 ] (5b) and [Fe(PCP O - t Bu)(CO) 2 ] (5c). X-ray structures of representative complexes are provided.