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See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 138, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202413800001

One of the most common problem that researchers encounter when using fluorescence to visualize immunohistochemistry is the autofluorescence of the studied organ tissue sections and cell cultures. Autofluorescence quenching is necessary for a wide variety of organs and tissues, as well as for different methods of fixation and histochemical processing of sections. In addition to autofluorescence quenching, it is necessary to take into account the need for histological readability of tissue sections when using counterstains afterwards. Such protocol refinement for fluorescent immunohistochemistry for chicken, porcine and cattle tissues was carried out for the first time, as well as the use of a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution with ethanol as Sudan Black B (SBB) solvent. Incubation of sections in SBB was chosen as the simplest and most nonspecific one. The most effective dissolution of the dye is achieved at a concentration of 0.3% SBB in a solution of 70% ethanol and absolutized DMSO in a 4:1 v/v ratio. The most thorough removal of SBB solution excess is achieved by rinsing the sections 5 times with 70% ethanol and then rinsing the sections with TBST (tris-buffered saline and Tween-20) buffer 5 times.

This article presents the results of the development of a mobile recommendation application to help library readers select references. One of the tasks of a librarian is to provide consultative assistance to the reader in selecting books. Working with a librarian can be replaced by the use of electronic library systems or special programs, which will allow you to solve the same task in less time. At the moment, there are websites and digital libraries that help the user to select books for further reading. They implement various algorithms that allow you to create personalized recommendations. Such systems are designed for electronic reading and are not linked to the databases of municipal library systems. Library readers can obtain recommendations when they choose literature for further reading using a mobile application. The paper considers the process of its creation: analysis of program requirements, design, implementation, testing and implementation. The application is developed for the Android operating system in the integrated development environment Android Studio in the Java programming language. The calculation of the technical and economic indicators of the project in its implementation has shown that the use of the application will provide sufficient economic effect. Its use can simplify the process of selecting books and significantly reduce the time to search for them, thus giving the librarian the opportunity to perform other tasks. The program does not require material costs for installation, which is an obvious advantage, and the functionality and system requirements allow its use on all mobile devices with the Android operating system.

Domestic tourism in our country is becoming an important tool for the development of regional economy. It covers all spheres of society, including culture, economy and social life. To stimulate domestic tourism by regions, it is necessary to update existing routes and create new ones. To develop new tourist routes, one of the effective approaches is the use of augmented reality technology. It allows to create interactive tourist routes that enrich the tourist experience of visitors to cities. The use of augmented reality technology allows to significantly diversify the leisure time of a tourist when visiting various cultural sites.

Clustering of k-means uses different variants of the algorithm of the same name to identify clusters. This paper deals with the performance study of the clustering algorithm using Euclidean distance metric and Mahalanobis metric. The choice of k-values as the initial estimate of the mean is considered in the second and fifth iterations. The BIRCH-3 and Mopsi-Finland datasets [1] are chosen as input data to investigate the performance of the metrics. The study shows the high efficiency of the k-means clustering algorithm using the Euclid metric depending on the random selection of the initial k values in the initial iterations of the algorithm. The use of Mahalanobis metric is more effective with an increasing number of iterations.

The study of the α diversity of the stand and the herb layer of all major forest types of primary pine and spruce forests in the Middle Urals was conducted. Four indices (Shannon's Diversity Index, Pielou's Evenness Index, Simpson's Diversity Index, Zhivotovsky's Diversity Index) were used to quantify α diversity. The indices were calculated based on the basal area (for the stand) and absolutely dry biomass (for the herb layer). It was shown that each forest type studied has its own characteristics of α diversity, while the relationship between the stand and the herb layer according to the dynamics of the calculated indices when changing habitats was not revealed.

The effect of light and root competition of the tree stand on the growth of the Pinus sibirica Du Tour undergrowth in post-fire birch forests of different ages is investigated using the example of mid-taiga forests of the Middle Urals. The studies were carried out on the basis of a microecosystem approach, using indices of light competition of the tree stand (Ilsc), root competition of the tree stand (Irsc) and integral competition of the tree stand (Irlsc). At the stage of the 13-year-old young birch stand with almost full illumination, the main factor determining the growth and development of Pinus sibirica undergrowth is root competition for soil nutrition. In the 32-year-old middle-aged birch stand, a joint, almost identical, effect of the factors of light and root competition on the growth of Pinus sibirica undergrowth is observed. In the mature 70-yearold birch stand, the main factor, influencing the growth of Pinus sibirica undergrowth, is the level of interception of photosynthetically active radiation by its canopy (light competition) with root competition is not expressed. In our opinion, this is due to the adaptive abilities and characteristics of the soil nutrition of the Pinus sibirica undergrowth and a change in the degree of soil saturation with organic compounds during the development of the post-fire birch forest.

The relevance of this work lies in the fact that for the country to be successful in sustainable development it is necessary to create quality documentation to ensure a balanced solution of social and economic problems, preservation of environmental potential and in general the state of the environment to further meet the needs of people. Today the issues of spatial planning are very topical, as over the past few decades a huge number of amendments and changes have been made to the land and urban planning legislation. At the moment, the processes of approval, development and approval of various spatial planning documents are undergoing changes in order to improve them. With regard to the territorial planning project, it is becoming necessary at the stage of drafting and obtaining a permit for further construction of any object. In cadastral activities, the above document is the basis for the state cadastral registration. The information provided in the territory planning project may not contradict the requirements of the documents of a higher level of influence. The main purpose of the territory planning project is to find the best options for the use of the territory of the settlement, which contributes to improving the living conditions of people living in such areas. The drafting of territory planning and land surveying may be carried out not only for land plots and construction projects, but also for linear objects.

Identifying the patterns of dynamics of natural populations of woody plants at the stage of their renewal is one of the main problems of forest ecology. The reforestation process is determined by both the dynamics of seed production and the specificity of seed dispersal of forest tree species. The five-needled pine renewal the Cembrae subsection with wingless seeds depends on birds of the genus Nucifraga sp., which store and spread their seeds. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between seed production and regeneration of Pinus sibirica Du Tour using the thin-billed nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes macrorhynchos Brehm C. L.) as a mediator. Long-term studies of these relationships have been carried out in the Siberian pine forests of the North Ural Mountains. As a result, a paradoxical conclusion is made that the number of Nucifraga birds during the period of storing and spreading of seeds in the previous year is a key factor in the abundance of Pinus sibirica seedlings. In turn, the number of seeds, both from the previous year and the current year, affects the number of Nucifraga birds.

The aim of the research is to reveal the relationship between the age and composition of the forest stand and the regeneration of Picea obovata Ledeb. and Abies sibirica Ledeb. Null hypothesis: we can estimate young generations of P. obovata and A. sibirica under the forest canopy based on the composition and age of the forest stand. The studies conducted in the most widespread forest type of the South Ural Mountains confirmed our null hypothesis about the possibility of modelling the regeneration of P. obovata and A. sibirica by the structure of the stand. The number of young generations of P. obovata and A. sibirica showed high sensitivity to the age and composition of the stand. The graphical models developed by us can be used to combine with forest management data in order to obtain large-scale data on the regeneration of woody plants in the primary spruce small-grass-green mossy forests and secondary birch and aspen forests of the South Ural Mountains. In order to expand the scope of application of the developed models, it is planned to conduct additional studies for other forest types of the Urals.

The largest part of the population of the Russian Federation (RF) is concentrated in settlements. The lands of settlements play an important role in the life of society, fulfilling the function of territorial and spatial basis. Occupying a relatively small area compared to the entire territory, these lands are the place of residence of the majority of the population. The lands occupied by settlements are intended for the location of cities, towns, rural settlements, and real estate objects that ensure the vital activity of the population. Land legislation singles out these lands as a separate category of lands. The spatial and land resources basis of urban and rural settlements consists of territories within the established borders (boundaries) of urban and rural settlements, as well as everything that is above and below the surface of these territories (Article 38 of the Town Planning Code). It should be noted that the inclusion of land plots within the boundaries of settlements does not entail the termination of the right of ownership, land tenure, land use and lease rights to these plots. However, in this case land tax rates are changed. Inclusion of land plots in the boundaries of settlements does not entail termination of the rights of owners of land plots, land users, landowners, and lessees of land plots. In modern conditions, the development of territories of settlements is an important area contributing to sustainable economic development in Russia.

Background and purpose: One of the most important mechanisms of tissue regeneration is the high functional activity of cells, including proliferation. Currently, there are practically no effective skin cell activators on the pharmaceutical market. The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the stimulating effect of spiroconjugated 1,2,3-triazolo[5,1-b]1,3,4-thiadiazine (STT) on the functional activity of fibroblasts. Experimental approach: STT containing ointment for dermal application was made. To assess in vivo effect of the STT a linear wound model in rats was tested. A combination of histological techniques and mechanical testing was employed to estimate the stimulating effect of STT on the functional activity of fibroblasts. Findings/Results: The STT significantly increased the number of fibroblasts as well as the density and order of produced collagen fibers in the dermis during the wound healing process. As a result, a tissue was formed at the site of damage with the structure corresponding to normal skin. In addition, skin functions were restored, in particular mechanically. Conclusion and implications: The results suggested the stimulating effect of the STT on fibroblast activity and demonstrated its potential for skin regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A propagation of ultrawideband electromagnetic pulses (UWB EMPs) through magnetized plasma has been experimentally studied using a "gigantic" coaxial line, which has been developed at IAP RAS for laboratory modeling of ionospheric effects. This coaxial line is 1.4 m in diameter and 10 m in length and is installed inside the chamber of the large-scale Krot plasma device. The line can be filled with rf inductively coupled plasma, magnetized or not. It allows one to explore the propagation of UWB EMPs in plasma along a long path without refraction and divergence and obtain a physical picture of EMP transformation. Under conditions where the duration of the UWB EMP is comparable to the period of electron plasma oscillations (fp−1), the period of cyclotron rotation of electrons (fc−1), or even significantly shorter, a complex of effects of transformation of the waveform and frequency spectrum of the pulse occurs. Without ambient magnetic field, a UWB EMP is distorted due to the effects of the cutoff and frequency dispersion. In dense magnetized plasma, i.e., when fp >> fc, the UWB EMP breaks into two wave packets, the high-frequency one (f > fp) and low-frequency one (f < fc). In rare magnetized plasma (fp << fc), the cyclotron absorption produces a long train of damped oscillations at a frequency close to the cyclotron frequency fc following the UWB EMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prime editing is a rapidly developing method of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing. The increasing number of novel PE applications and improved versions demands constant analysis and evaluation. The present review covers the mechanism of prime editing, the optimization of the method and the possible next step in the evolution of CRISPR/Cas9-associated genome editing. The basic components of a prime editing system are a prime editor fusion protein, consisting of nickase and reverse transcriptase, and prime editing guide RNA, consisting of a protospacer, scaffold, primer binding site and reverse transcription template. Some prime editing systems include other parts, such as additional RNA molecules. All of these components were optimized to achieve better efficiency for different target organisms and/or compactization for viral delivery. Insights into prime editing mechanisms allowed us to increase the efficiency by recruiting mismatch repair inhibitors. However, the next step in prime editing evolution requires the incorporation of new mechanisms. Prime editors combined with integrases allow us to combine the precision of prime editing with the target insertion of large, several-kilobase-long DNA fragments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The many recent crises in Belarus are often seen through the prism of democratization, post-communist transition, and nation- and identity-building. As a rule, it is put into the context of the 1989 democratization in Central and Eastern Europe and compared with similar societal mobilization in Georgia (2003), Ukraine (2004; 2014), and Kyrgyzstan (2005). This article, however, argues that while these theoretical approaches provide an important explanatory potential, they nevertheless fail to account for informal, hidden, and unstable processes presently unfolding in the Belarusian society, leading to profound change. We argue that, in the vulnerable, unpredictable, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) world of today, our knowledge and ability to plan and achieve desirable outcomes are limited in contrast to a largely positivist or interpretivist epistemology of the mainstream theories, which conceive of the world as a closed system. In this article, we offer an alternative explanation of the many crises in Belarus by drawing on the insights of complexity-thinking to suggest that (hidden) transformative change in the country is now irreversible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]