50 results on '"Petrinec, Branko"'
Search Results
2. Radiocaesium in mosses from the Kopački rit Nature Park in Croatia: searching for undeclared releases from nuclear facilities in war-torn Ukraine
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Miljanić Nora, Zauner Branimir, Babić Dinko, and Petrinec Branko
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134cs ,137cs ,airborne radioactive pollution ,bioindicator ,bioindikatori ,radioaktivno onečišćenje zraka ,Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 - Abstract
The invasion of Ukraine and military operations around Ukrainian nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities have prompted us to search for radiocaesium in mosses from the Kopački Rit Nature Park in Croatia, since mosses are known bioindicators of airborne radioactive pollution, and Kopački Rit is a known low radiocaesium background area. Sampling was finished in August 2023, and our analysis found no elevated radiocaesium levels. Kopački Rit therefore remains a suitable place for future detection of anthropogenic radioactive pollutants.
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- 2024
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3. Assessment of the radionuclide remediation potential of novel miscanthus hybrids
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Jurišić, Vanja, Rašeta, Davor, Kontek, Mislav, Clifton-Brown, John, Trindade, Luisa M., Lamy, Isabelle, Guerin, Annie, Kiesel, Andreas, Matin, Ana, Krička, Tajana, and Petrinec, Branko
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- 2024
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4. 90Sr and stable element levels in bones of brown bears: long-term trends in bear populations from Croatia and Poland
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Skoko, Božena, Kovačić, Milica, Lazarus, Maja, Sekovanić, Ankica, Kovačić, Jelena, Sergiel, Agnieszka, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, Reljić, Slaven, Petrinec, Branko, Selva, Nuria, and Huber, Đuro
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- 2023
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5. Environmental protection in natural gas industry comparison of different spatio-temporal radiological risk assessment scenarios
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Getaldić Ana, Surić-Mihić Marija, Veinović Želimir, Skoko Božena, Petrinec Branko, and Bituh Tomislav
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norm ,natural gas ,radiological risk assessment ,environmental protection ,erica tool ,Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,QC770-798 - Abstract
The paper analyses results of spatio-temporal radiological risk assessment scenarios based on existing in-situ long-term monitoring data from a natural gas processing plant to analyse the effect of different input data on the assessment outcome. The ERICA Assessment Tool was used to estimate the dose rates to biota and potential impacts due to the exposure to ionising radiation. The input data for radiological risk assessment scenarios included annual data on activity concentration of radionuclides in soil from measurements performed from 1994 to 2016 and laboratory gamma-spectrometric data related to the period from 2014 to 2019. Predicted total dose rate to biota was generally below the ERICA Tool's screening dose rate of 10 µGyh-1 or slightly above, with the highest total dose rate estimated for lichen and bryophytes. Total dose rates to lichen and bryophytes in the studied period show certain temporal variation, but a specific trend was not detected. Estimated total dose rates to biota from different assessment scenarios were below internationally proposed reference levels for which no detrimental effects are expected. The overall potential radiological risk to terrestrial biota from the operation of the natural gas processing plant was found to be negligible.
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- 2023
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6. Radiological impact of an active quarry in the Papuk Nature Park, Croatia
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Petrinec Branko, Rašeta Davor, and Babić Dinko
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137cs ,ambient dose rate equivalent h*(10) ,gamma ray spectrometry ,moss ,naturally occurring radionuclides ,ekvivalent ambijentalne brzine doze h*(10) ,gamaspektrometrija ,mahovina ,prirodni radionuklidi ,Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 - Abstract
Papuk Nature Park, unlike most similar parks and preserves in the world, contains active quarries. Quarries dig stone from the ground, creating dust and exposing deeper, potentially more radioactive layers. Since the forest trails in the Park lead right up to the quarries, we believed it was important to determine the radiological impact of the quarries on the Park environment. We measured ambient dose rate equivalent H*(10) and sampled moss at 26 Park locations along two of four quarries, along the road between them, and near Lake Orahovac, a very popular tourist destination close to the quarries. Moss is a standard bioindicator of exposure to heavy metals, including radionuclides. Using-gamma ray spectrometry we determined the activity concentration of 137Cs and of representative naturally occurring radionuclides – 238U, 226Ra, 210Pb, 232Th, and 40K – in sampled moss. H*(10) at selected locations was similar to the background H*(10) measured continuously all over Croatia. The ranges of measured activity concentrations of 137Cs and naturally occurring radionuclides in moss did not differ significantly from other parts of Croatia and nearby countries.
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- 2022
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7. Long-Term Investigation (1968–2023) of 137 Cs in Apples.
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Petrinec, Branko, Bituh, Tomislav, Franić, Zdenko, Zauner, Branimir, and Babić, Dinko
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BACKGROUND radiation ,IONIZING radiation ,RADIATION measurements ,ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring ,HUMAN ecology - Abstract
Due to the consequences of nuclear and/or radiological accidents in the past (Chernobyl, Fukushima, etc.), and potential future events of that kind, the constant monitoring of environmental radioactivity is important. There are different pathways of the transfer of radionuclides from environment to humans (ingestion, inhalation and external). Food ingestion greatly contributes to the total effective dose; hence, it is of great importance to investigate exposure to radionuclides through food. This paper presents the results of a long-term investigation of
137 Cs activity concentration in apples in northwestern Croatia for the period 1968–2023. The highest137 Cs activity concentration in apples was measured in 1986, decreasing exponentially ever since. The Fukushima-Daiichi accident in 2011 did not cause a significant increase in137 Cs activity concentration, although the presence of the consequent fallout was detected via the appearance of134 Cs in some parts of the environment. The observed residence time for137 Cs in apples was estimated to be 4.5 and 3.9 years for the pre-Chernobyl and post-Chernobyl periods, respectively. The correlation between137 Cs in fallout and apples is very good, the correlation coefficients being 0.99, which indicates that fallout is the main source of contamination. The estimated effective dose received by adult members of the Croatian public due to intake of radiocaesium from apples over the overall observed period is 6.4 µSv. Therefore, the consumption of apples was not a critical pathway for the transfer of radiocaesium to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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8. Mosses in the Kopački Rit Nature Park, Croatia, as bioindicators of a potential radioactive contamination of the middle Danube River basin
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Petrinec, Branko, Babić, Dinko, Meštrović, Tomislav, Bogdanović, Tomislav, Popijač, Marina, and Rašeta, Davor
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- 2022
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9. Spatio-temporal monitoring of mercury and other stable metal(loid)s and radionuclides in a Croatian terrestrial ecosystem around a natural gas treatment plant
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Lazarus, Maja, Orct, Tatjana, Sekovanić, Ankica, Skoko, Božena, Petrinec, Branko, Zgorelec, Željka, Kisić, Ivica, Prevendar Crnić, Andreja, Jurasović, Jasna, and Srebočan, Emil
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- 2022
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10. Radiocaesium in mosses from the Kopački rit Nature Park in Croatia: searching for undeclared releases from nuclear facilities in war-torn Ukraine
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Miljanić, Nora, Zauner, Branimir, Babić, Dinko, Petrinec, Branko, Miljanić, Nora, Zauner, Branimir, Babić, Dinko, and Petrinec, Branko
- Abstract
The invasion of Ukraine and military operations around Ukrainian nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities have prompted us to search for radiocaesium in mosses from the Kopački Rit Nature Park in Croatia, since mosses are known bioindicators of airborne radioactive pollution, and Kopački Rit is a known low radiocaesium background area. Sampling was finished in August 2023, and our analysis found no elevated radiocaesium levels. Kopački Rit therefore remains a suitable place for future detection of anthropogenic radioactive pollutants., Invazija na Ukrajinu i vojne operacije oko ukrajinskih nuklearnih elektrana i drugih nuklearnih postrojenja potaknule su nas da potražimo radiocezij u mahovinama u Parku prirode Kopački rit, jer su mahovine poznati bioindikatori radioaktivnog onečišćenja zraka, a Kopački je rit poznat po niskoj razini onečišćenja radiocezijem. Uzorkovanje je završeno u kolovozu 2023. Naša analiza nije otkrila povišene razine radiocezija. Kopački rit stoga ostaje pogodno mjesto za buduću detekciju antropogenog radioaktivnog onečišćenja.
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- 2024
11. Correction to: 90Sr and stable element levels in bones of brown bears: long‑term trends in bear populations from Croatia and Poland
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Skoko, Božena, Kovačić, Milica, Lazarus, Maja, Sekovanić, Ankica, Kovačić, Jelena, Sergiel, Agnieszka, Zwijacz‑Kozica, Tomasz, Reljić, Slaven, Petrinec, Branko, Selva, Nuria, and Huber, Đuro
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- 2023
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12. Fly Bioash Ameliorates Acid Luvisol and Increases Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Yield in Field Conditions without Compromising the Risk of Radioactive Contamination
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Ondrasek, Gabrijel, primary, Kranjčec, Filip, additional, Horvatinec, Jelena, additional, Bubalo Kovačić, Marina, additional, Husnjak, Stjepan, additional, Čoga, Lepomir, additional, Babić, Dinko, additional, Rašeta, Davor, additional, Volarić, Nikola, additional, Fulajtar, Emil, additional, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, additional, Včev, Aleksandar, additional, and Petrinec, Branko, additional
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- 2023
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13. Mjerenje koncentracija aktivnosti Be-7, Pb-210 i Cs-137 u površinskoj atmosferi
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Zorko, Benjamin, Ajtić, Jelena, Nečemer, Marijan, Sarvan, Darko, Rajačić, Milica, Korun, Matjaž, Vodenik, Branko, Krneta Nikolić, Jelena, Glavič-Cindro, Denis, Vukanac, Ivana, Petrovič, Toni, Ilić, Zorana, Vidic, alf, Didović, Irma, Janušeski, Jovan, Anuševa, Jordanka, Dimovska, Snezana, Danilovski, Dejan, Anđelić, Tomislav, Zekić, Ranko, Svrkota, Nikola, Radonjić, Slavko, Petrinec, Branko, Zorko, Benjamin, Ajtić, Jelena, Nečemer, Marijan, Sarvan, Darko, Rajačić, Milica, Korun, Matjaž, Vodenik, Branko, Krneta Nikolić, Jelena, Glavič-Cindro, Denis, Vukanac, Ivana, Petrovič, Toni, Ilić, Zorana, Vidic, alf, Didović, Irma, Janušeski, Jovan, Anuševa, Jordanka, Dimovska, Snezana, Danilovski, Dejan, Anđelić, Tomislav, Zekić, Ranko, Svrkota, Nikola, Radonjić, Slavko, and Petrinec, Branko
- Abstract
Mjerenja koncentracije aktivnosti radionuklida Be-7 (berilij-7), Pb-210 (olovo 210) i Cs-137 (cezij-137) u Zemljinoj atmosferi neophodna su za razumijevanje atmosferskih procesa, kvalitete zraka i radioaktivnosti okoliša. Berilij-7 je radioaktivni izotop koji prvenstveno nastaje interakcijom kozmičkih zraka s atomima dušika i kisika u gornjoj atmosferi. Njegov kratki poluživot čini ga vrijednim tragačem za atmosferske procese u relativno kratkim vremenskim razdobljima. Olovo-210 je radioaktivni izotop čiji je primarni izvor u atmosferi raspad plina radona. S dužim poluživotom od Be-7, pogodan je za proučavanje dugotrajnijih atmosferskih procesa. Cezij-137 je, s druge strane, antropogeni radioizotop s vremenom poluraspada čak i dužim od onog Pb-210, što ga čini dobrim dugoročnim ekološkim tragačem. Nedavno je uspostavljena baza podataka za praćenje radioaktivnosti tla u zraku (GRAMON). Sadrži rezultate mjerenja radioaktivnosti u površinskom zraku na sedam lokacija: Beograd (Srbija), Ljubljana i Krško (Slovenija), Sarajevo (Bosna i Hercegovina), Podgorica (Crna Gora), Skopje i Bitola (Sjeverna Makedonija). Naš rad daje statističku analizu mjesečnih (prosječnih) vrijednosti koncentracija aktivnosti radionuklida za svaku lokaciju od 2010. do 2019. Rezultati pokazuju prostorne razlike i vremensku evoluciju radioaktivnosti zraka u ovoj regiji koja je obično nedovoljno zastupljena u velikim studijama., Measurements of activity concentrations of radionuclides Be-7 (beryllium-7), Pb210 (lead210), and Cs-137 (cesium-137) in the Earth’s atmosphere are essential for understanding atmospheric processes, air quality, and environmental radioactivity. Beryllium-7 is a radioactive isotope produced primarily by cosmic ray interactions with nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the upper atmosphere. Its short half-life makes it a valuable tracer for atmospheric processes on relatively short timescales. Lead210 is a radioactive isotope whose primary source in the atmosphere is decay of radon gas. With a longer half-life than Be-7, it is suitable for studying longerterm atmospheric processes. Cesium-137, on the other hand, is an anthropogenic radioisotope with a half-life even longer than that of Pb-210, which makes it a good long-term environmental tracer. The Ground Air Radioactivity Monitoring (GRAMON) database has been recently established. It contains the outcomes of radioactivity measurements in the surface air at seven locations: Belgrade (Serbia), Ljubljana and Krško (Slovenia), Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Podgorica (Montenegro), Skopje and Bitola (North Macedonia). Our paper gives a statistical analysis of monthly (average) values of the radionuclides’ activity concentrations for each location from 2010 to 2019. The results demonstrate spatial differences and temporal evolution of air radioactivity over this region commonly underrepresented in large-scale studies.
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- 2023
14. Development of a solid phase microextraction method for the determination of nicotine in dried mushrooms.
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Jurič, Andreja, Tariba Lovaković, Blanka, Lazarus, Maja, Petrinec, Branko, Širić, Ivan, and Brčić Karačonji, Irena
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- 2023
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15. REMEDIATION OF COAL ASH AND SLAG DISPOSAL SITE: COMPARISON OF RADIOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENTS
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Getaldić, Ana, primary, Surić Mihić, Marija, additional, Veinović, Želimir, additional, Skoko, Božena, additional, and Petrinec, Branko, additional
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- 2023
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16. BETA AKTIVNOST I RAZINE OLOVA I TALIJA U PM10 LEBDEĆIM ČESTICAMA U GRADU ZAGREBU
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Žužul, Silva, Senčar, Jasminka, Rinkovec, Jasmina, Vincetić, Magdalena, Bešlić, Ivan, and Petrinec, Branko
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radioaktivne tvari, PM10 frakcija, metali, onečišćenje zraka - Abstract
Praćenje i određivanje radioaktivnih tvari u zraku provodi se u cilju detekcije neželjenih akcidenata kao i za procjenu efektivnih doza koje primi stanovništvo. Jedna od metoda kojom se određuje količina radioaktivnih tvari u zraku je mjerenje ukupne beta aktivnosti zraka. Lebdeće čestice aerodinamičnog promjera manjeg od 10 μm su inhalabilne, ulaze u dišne puteve i mogu štetno djelovati na ljudsko zdravlje. U sklopu državne mreže za trajno praćenje kvalitete zraka u Republici Hrvatskoj se na više lokacija prate razine lebdećih čestica, a u Institutu za medicinska istraživanja i medicinu rada je smješten referentni laboratorij za određivanje sastava čestica. U ovom su radu prikazani rezultati određivanja PM10 frakcije lebdećih čestica, razine olova i talija te ukupne beta aktivnosti u toj frakciji, na mjernoj postaji državne mreže u gradu Zagrebu (postaja Zagreb-1) tijekom 2021. godine. 24-satni uzorci sakupljeni su prosisavanjem 720 m3 zraka na filtre od kvarcnih vlakana (Whatman, QMA). Masena koncentracija PM10 čestica određena je gravimetrijski. Iz alikvota filtra, nakon mikrovalne razgradnje uz dušičnu kiselinu, određene su razine olova i talija metodom masene spektrometrije uz induktivno spregnutu plazmu. Ukupna beta aktivnost mjerena je iz drugog alikvota filtra, najmanje 120 sati nakon uzorkovanja, u beta brojaču niskih aktivnosti Low-level beta Geiger-Müller multicounter system ; model RISØ GM-25-5. Rezultati pokazuju da je srednja godišnja masena koncentracija PM10 čestica iznosila 24, 1 μg/m3, a kretala se u rasponu od 2, 4 μg/m3 do 140, 6 μg/m3. Srednja godišnja masena koncentracija olova u PM10 česticama iznosila je 1, 59 ng/m3, a talija 0, 004 ng/m3. Najviše dnevne vrijednosti masenih koncentracija olova i talija izmjerene su u veljači i iznosile su 10, 31 ng/m3 za olovo i 0, 016 ng/m3 za talij. Značajno više vrijednosti PM10 čestica zabilježene su tijekom sezone grijanja, od siječnja do ožujka i od listopada do prosinca. Nije nađena sezonska ovisnost razina olova i talija, kao niti ukupne beta aktivnosti u PM10 česticama. Prosječna vrijednost ukupne beta aktivnosti zraka u promatranom razdoblju iznosila je 1, 41 mBq/m3, s dnevnim vrijednostima od 0, 24 mBq/m3 do 5, 17 mBq/m3. Uočeno je da su se pojedine više vrijednosti ukupne beta aktivnosti podudarale s povišenim vrijednostima PM10 čestica, olova i talija.
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- 2023
17. Taloženje kalija u okolišu
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Godec, Ranka, Gluščić, Valentina, Šimić, Iva, Senčar, Jasminka, Babić, Dinko, Rašeta, Davor, Pehnec, Gordana, and Petrinec, Branko
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kalij, oborine, suho taloženje, ukupna taložna tvar - Abstract
Kalij se u okoliš može taložiti iz više izvora - morske soli, prašine iz tla, biogenih emisija i izgaranja biomase. Glavni cilj rada je bio odrediti i usporediti razine kalija i njegovog prirodnog radionuklida 40K u različitim vrstama atmosferskog taloženja (ukupna taložna tvar, suho taloženje i oborine), te procijeniti njegov glavni izvor. Uzorci su sakupljani na dvije lokacije u gradu Zagrebu tijekom 2022. godine. U prvoj polovici 2022. godine uzorci su sakupljeni u zapadnom industrijskom dijelu grada opterećeno prometom, dok su se u drugoj polovici godine sakupljali u sjevernom stambenom dijelu grada. Uzorci suhe depozicije kao i oborina sakupljani su kao tromjesečni uzorci, dok su uzorci ukupne taložne tvari sakupljani na mjesečnoj bazi, ali su ovdje prikazani kao tromjesečni prosjeci radi lakše usporedivosti rezultata s prethodno navedenim metodama. Prirodni radionuklid kalija, 40K, kao i ukupan K određen je visokorezolucijskom gamaspektrometrijom s germanijskim detektorom visoke čistoće (HPGe) u suhoj depoziciji i u oborini, dok je vodotopivi kalij u ukupnoj taložnoj tvari određen ionskom kromatografijom s konduktometrijskim detektorom. U istim uzorcima ukupne taložne tvari određivao se i vodotopivi organski ugljik (WSOC) metodom termičkooptičke transmisije s plamenoionizacijskim detektrom, a u svrhu izračuna omjera K+ i WSOC, koji može biti pokazatelj određenih izvora onečišćenja. Vidljivo je da su koncentracije kalija u ukupnoj taložnoj tvari kao i u oborinama više na sjeveru grada, dok su kod suhog taloženja više u zapadnom djelu grada Zagreba. Iz omjera K+ iWSOC vidljivo je da kalij u ukupnom taloženju u gradu Zagrebu dolazi kao produkt sagorijevanja biomase.
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- 2023
18. Comparison of Different Radiological Risk Assessment Scenarios at a Coal Ash and Slag Disposal Site
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Getaldić, Ana, Surić Mihić, Marija, Veinović, Želimir, Skoko, Božena, Petrinec, Branko, and Prlić, Ivica.
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NORM ,coal ash and slag ,radiological risk assessment ,ERICA tool ,environmental protection - Abstract
Coal fly ash and slag waste residuals from coal combustion are an issue of importance as one of the possible sources of environmental contamination and exposure to NORM. This study compares the results of different radiological risk assessment scenarios targeting terrestrial biota at a legacy site in Croatia that contains large quantities of coal ash with an enhanced content of radionuclides originating from previous industrial activities. The ERICA assessment tool was used for a risk assessment, which included data from borehole samples with a maximum depth of 6 m and trees as the primary reference organisms. The results of the risk assessments from various depth ranges found the radiological risk to the reference organisms to be negligible, regardless of the depth range, since the screening dose rate of 10 µGyh−1 was not exceeded in any of the assessments. The risk assessment results from all depth ranges show higher total dose rate predictions when the tool’s default CR values are used, compared to the site-specific ones, which is in agreement with previous studies on the application of the ERICA tool. A comparison of results from different spatial radiological risk assessments showed that sample depth does not affect the estimated total dose rate to biota.
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- 2023
19. UTJECAJ DONOSA PUSTINJSKOG PIJESKA NA AMBIJENTALNI DOZNI EKVIVALENT, UKUPNU BETA AKTIVNOST I RAZINE ONEČIŠĆUJUĆIH TVARI U ZRAKU
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Pehnec, Gordana, Senčar, Jasminka, Rašeta, Davor, Bešlić, Ivan, Rinkovec, Jasmina, Žužul, Silva, and Petrinec, Branko
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brzina ambijentalnog doznog ekvivalenta, PM10, pustinjski pijesak, ukupna beta aktivnost, zrak - Abstract
Donos pijeska i prašine iz pustinja prirodna je pojava koja može štetno djelovati na ljudsko zdravlje i okoliš. Pustinjski pijesak sastoji se od čestica minerala koji potječu iz sušnih područja te može putovati na velike udaljenosti i pritom akumulirati razne onečišćujuće tvari antropogenog porijekla. Područje južne i jugoistočne Europe naročito je pogođeno takvim događajima, zbog donosa pijeska i prašine iz Afrike i Azije. Između 26. i 30. ožujka 2020. godine na području Hrvatske zabilježena je vrlo intenzivna epizoda donosa pustinjskog pijeska iz pustinje Karakum u središnjoj Aziji, koja je uslijedila neposredno nakon donosa iz Sahare. U ovom istraživanju promatran je utjecaj ovog događaja na brzinu ambijentalnog doznog ekvivalenta, ukupnu beta aktivnost i razine pojedinih onečišćujućih tvari u zraku. Brzina ambijentalnog doznog ekvivalenta pratila se u Zagrebu, Zadru i Slavonskom Brodu. Ukupna beta aktivnost zraka mjerena je u Zadru i na dvije lokacije u Zagrebu. Izmjerene su uobičajene vrijednosti za svaku lokaciju. Na mjernim postajama za trajno praćenje kvalitete zraka na kojima mjerenja provodi Institut za medicinska istraživanja i medicinu rada (u Zagrebu, Sisku i Slavonskom Brodu) u navedenom razdoblju zabilježene su izrazito povišene koncentracije frakcije lebdećih čestica PM10 (čestice ekvivalentnog aerodinamičkog promjera < 10 μm), koje ujedno predstavljaju i godišnji maksimum na tim lokacijama. Najviši 24-satni prosjeci masenih koncentracija PM10 kretali su se između 134 i 219 μg/m3 u Zagrebu te do 235 μg/m3 u Sisku i Slavonskom Brodu. Koncentracije frakcije lebdećih čestica PM2, 5 (čestice ekvivalentnog aerodinamičkog promjera < 2, 5 μm) nisu bile značajno povišene, što ukazuje na veliku zastupljenost grubih čestica (promjera između 2, 5 i 10 μm). U frakciji lebdećih čestica PM10 zabilježene su u tom razdoblju i povišene razine arsena, mangana i željeza. Ovi rezultati pokazuju da povremene epizode donosa pustinjskog pijeska mogu bitno utjecati na razine pojedinih onečišćujućih tvari u zraku. U ovom istraživanju nije pronađen značajniji utjecaj na brzinu ambijentalnog doznog ekvivalenta i ukupnu beta aktivnost zraka.
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- 2023
20. Correction to: 90Sr and stable element levels in bones of brown bears: long‑term trends in bear populations from Croatia and Poland
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Skoko, Božena, primary, Kovačić, Milica, additional, Lazarus, Maja, additional, Sekovanić, Ankica, additional, Kovačić, Jelena, additional, Sergiel, Agnieszka, additional, Zwijacz‑Kozica, Tomasz, additional, Reljić, Slaven, additional, Petrinec, Branko, additional, Selva, Nuria, additional, and Huber, Đuro, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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21. 90Sr and stable element levels in bones of brown bears: long-term trends in bear populations from Croatia and Poland
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Skoko, Božena, primary, Kovačić, Milica, additional, Lazarus, Maja, additional, Sekovanić, Ankica, additional, Kovačić, Jelena, additional, Sergiel, Agnieszka, additional, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, additional, Reljić, Slaven, additional, Petrinec, Branko, additional, Selva, Nuria, additional, and Huber, Đuro, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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22. Radiological impact of an active quarry in the Papuk Nature Park, Croatia
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Petrinec, Branko, Rašeta, Davor, Babić, Dinko, Petrinec, Branko, Rašeta, Davor, and Babić, Dinko
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Papuk Nature Park, unlike most similar parks and preserves in the world, contains active quarries. Quarries dig stone from the ground, creating dust and exposing deeper, potentially more radioactive layers. Since the forest trails in the Park lead right up to the quarries, we believed it was important to determine the radiological impact of the quarries on the Park environment. We measured ambient dose rate equivalent H*(10) and sampled moss at 26 Park locations along two of four quarries, along the road between them, and near Lake Orahovac, a very popular tourist destination close to the quarries. Moss is a standard bioindicator of exposure to heavy metals, including radionuclides. Using-gamma ray spectrometry we determined the activity concentration of 137Cs and of representative naturally occurring radionuclides – 238U, 226Ra, 210Pb, 232Th, and 40K – in sampled moss. H*(10) at selected locations was similar to the background H*(10) measured continuously all over Croatia. The ranges of measured activity concentrations of 137Cs and naturally occurring radionuclides in moss did not differ significantly from other parts of Croatia and nearby countries., Za razliku od većine sličnih parkova i rezervata prirode u svijetu, u Parku prirode Papuk nalaze se aktivni kamenolomi. U kamenolomima se izvlači kamen iz tla, pri čemu se stvara prašina te se otkrivaju dublji, potencijalno radioaktivniji slojevi. Budući da šumski putovi u Parku prirode Papuk vode do samih kamenoloma, važno je odrediti njihov radiološki učinak na taj park prirode. Mjerili smo ekvivalent ambijentalne brzine doze H*(10) i uzorkovali smo mahovinu na 26 lokacija oko dvaju od četiriju kamenoloma, oko ceste između njih te uz Orahovačko jezero, popularno turističko odredište u blizini kamenoloma. Mahovina je standardni bioindikator za teške metale, uključujući i radionuklide. Gamaspektrometrijskom smo metodom u uzorkovanim mahovinama odredili koncentracije aktivnosti 137Cs i reprezentativnih prirodnih radionuklida: 238U, 226Ra, 210Pb, 232Th, i 40K. Na odabranim je lokacijama H*(10) sličan onomu koji se kontinuirano mjeri drugdje u Republici Hrvatskoj. Rasponi izmjerenih vrijednosti koncentracija aktivnosti 137Cs i odabranih prirodnih radionuklida u mahovinama značajno se ne razlikuju od raspona izmjerenih vrijednosti koncentracija aktivnosti navedenih radionuklida u mahovinama uzorkovanima drugdje u Hrvatskoj i u susjednim zemljama.
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- 2022
23. Development of Hybrid Gamma-ray Spectrometry Methods for Enhancing the Capacity of Environmental Radiological Monitoring Around Nuclear Power Plants
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Pavelić, Luka, Prlić, Ivica, Petrinec, Branko, and Pavelić, Dora
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Gamma Spectroscopy, Dosimetry, Environmental Monitoring, Radiation Detectors - Abstract
In situ gamma spectrometry allows complete characterization of gamma radiation fields at a given location through accurate and sensitive determination of the concentration of radionuclide activity in the soil. When compared with methods that include sample collection and subsequent laboratory analysis, the in situ method enables better soil representativeness, direct and accurate determination of areas of interest (hotspots), higher speed of measurements and reduced monitoring costs. All this makes it a very important complementary or alternative method to laboratory measurements, and unavoidable in case of accidents. The primary goal of this work is to present concepts behind a development and implementation of hybrid gamma spectrometry method for radiological monitoring of the environment of nuclear power plants. The hybrid method would integrate an innovative approach in determining areas of interest with the newly developed method for in situ gamma spectrometric measurements. This would increase the speed of radiological survey, which is critical for rapid decision-making, and in turn would enable the implementation of surveillance of a larger area. For the purpose of determining areas of interest, a hardware-software system for rapid radiological mapping will be developed, applicable in the future for installation in unmanned aerial vehicles, based on dosimetry detectors for measuring ambient dose equivalent, GPS receiver and compact central computer. The maximum area mapping speed will be correlated with the detector sensitivity and its response time. Field measurements will be carried out at least two research sites where in situ and laboratory gamma spectrometric measurements will be performed. Radiological measurements will be accompanied by the measurement of meteorological parameters that will enable the development of a correction pilot algorithm for specific meteorological and other physical environmental conditions of nuclear power plants.
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- 2022
24. New Laboratories for Radiation Protection and Radioecology at IMROH
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Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, and Prlić, Ivica
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Radiation Dosimetry, Machine Learning, Fault Detection - Abstract
Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health (IMROH) is at the end of multiyear project: Research and Educational Centre of Environmental Health and Radiation Protection - Reconstruction and Expansion of the IMROH. At the end of the project, the Institute will be expanded with a new building of 6, 785.15 m2, while its existing building of 2, 067.41 m2 will be completely renovated. Radiation Protection Unit at the Institute specializes in radioecology and radiation protection, and it is continuously engaged in research of radioactive contamination of the environment by natural and fission radionuclides. This contribution presents new laboratories and current capabilities of Radiation Protection Unit at the Institute. Our new laboratories include three new coaxial HPGe gamma spectrometry systems with relative efficiencies up to 130%, electrically cooled in-situ HPGe detector, alpha and beta radiation counting systems, radon detectors, in-situ measurement instrumentation, H*(10) dosimeters for continuous monitoring, sample preparation systems and modelling simulation software solutions.
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- 2022
25. Application of a New In Situ Calibration Technique for Gamma Ray Spectrometry and Comparison of In Situ and Laboratory Measurements Taking into Account Realistic Croatian Conditions
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Rašeta, Davor, Petrinec, Branko, Babić, Dinko, Šoštarić, Marko, Vrbanić, Ivan, Šadek, Siniša, and Trontl, Krešimir
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emergency, HPGE spectrometers, InSiCal software, radiation, radionuclide measurements - Abstract
After a nuclear accident, it is important to quickly measure possible affected area to determine where emergency and remediation measures are needed. In situ gamma ray spectrometry was developed to quickly measure large areas of land following nuclear weapon tests and possible nuclear accidents. However, a proper calibration of detectors for in situ measurements is a long and complicated process. One tool designed to make this calibration quick is the InSiCal software. InSiCal software can shorten the in-situ calibration procedure to a single measurement (combined with calculations). We decided to investigate if the method can be implemented in Croatia, within expected constraints of emergency situations (especially time constrains). We compared in situ measurements made with two different HPGe detectors calibrated using the InSiCal software and laboratory measurements of samples collected at the same locations. Detector calibration and in situ measurements were optimized for quickness, simulating time pressure present in case of a nuclear accident. Measurements of both in-situ detectors were reasonably close – in most cases the confidence intervals overlapped. In-situ measurements generally undershot laboratory measurements. Large uncertainty intervals at energies below 100 keV make short in-situ measurements unsuitable in that energy range. If the range below 100 keV is important, the duration of the measurements must be increased. Our findings suggest that in situ gamma spectrometry using InSiCal software can provide reasonably accurate data, but some improvements may be needed.
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- 2022
26. 137Cs And Naturally Occurring Radionuclides In Soil In Croatia
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Petrinec, Branko, Rašeta, Davor, Babić, Dinko, Šoštarić, Marko, Vrbanić, Ivan, Šadek, Siniša, and Trontl, Krešimir
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gamma radiation, high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry, radioecology, representative radionuclides, 137Cs 40K 210Pb 222Rn 226Ra 232Th 238U - Abstract
Soil contributes significantly to both external and internal exposure to ionising radiation, via direct emission of gamma radiation and soil-to-plant radionuclide transfer, respectively. Next to primordial radionuclides, soil contains radionuclides dispersed during nuclear weapon testing and Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents, especially 137Cs. This motivated us to carry out a systematic research on the radioactivity of soil in Croatia, with a goal to obtain relevant data about the spread of 137Cs in Croatia, as well as about the primordial radionuclides. We had collected samples of the surface layer of uncultivated soil (0-10 cm) at 138 sites from all over the country and measured them for radionuclide activity concentrations by means of high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. This resulted in maps of the radioactivity of Croatian soil, containing data on activity concentrations of representative radionuclides in the environment. We focused on 137Cs, and also mapped 40K and radionuclides from 232Th and 238U decay chains. We found that the concentrations of 137Cs tended to increase with altitude, annual precipitation, and vegetation density. Activity concentrations of 40K were the highest in the Pannonian region. The ratio of the concentrations of 137Cs and K in soil, representing the potential for 137Cs entering food chains via uptake by plants, was the lowest in agriculturally important areas in the east of the Pannonian region. For both 232Th and 238U decay chains, activity concentrations were the highest in the Dinaric region, the lowest in the Pannonian region, and intermediate in the Adriatic region. In particular, relatively high concentrations of 226Ra in the soil of the Dinaric region implied a possibility of an enhanced emanation of its progeny 222Rn into the air. Activity concentrations of 210Pb were additionally elevated in areas with dense vegetation, most probably due to an atmospheric deposition of airborne 210Pb onto the surface of plants and their eventual decomposition on the ground. We used the obtained results on activity concentrations to calculate the related absorbed dose rate as a measure of external exposure to ionising radiation from soil. The sum of the absorbed dose rates for naturally occurring radionuclides and 137Cs showed that the external exposure was generally the highest in the Dinaric region and the Istrian Peninsula.
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- 2022
27. Methods for Monitoring and Detecting Faults in IoT DosimetrymInstrumentation Based on Machine Learning on Edge Computing Devices
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Pavelić, Dora, Pavelić, Luka, Petrinec, Branko, and Prlić, Ivica
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Radiation Dosimetry, Machine Learning, Fault Detection - Abstract
Due to the importance of safety, reliability and efficiency of dosimetry instrumentation, as well as increasing complexity of the technologies, we are proposing a method for early failure detection that could enable the necessary prompt response. IoT dosimetry sensors are usually required to operate for several years on a single battery and they are often installed in large numbers which place high energy and cost constraints. Therefore, the analysis and prediction itself is increasingly performed on devices that are close to the sensors. The concept of bringing analytical computational resources closer to the sensors themselves is called edge computing. In this work we will consider the application of machine learning for the purpose of fault detection in IoT dosimetry instrumentation as well as the various approaches with which these detections are realized with the help of edge computing devices.
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- 2022
28. Moss as a bioindicator of radioactive contamination in Croatian nature parks
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Petrinec, Branko, Popijač, Marina, Rašeta, Davor, Babić, Dinko, Marjanović, Katarina, Puharić, Igor, Bogdanović, Tomislav, Vukoja, Andrea, Damjanović, Darko, Stojšić, Josip, Mirosavljević, Krunoslav, and Sivrić, Hrvoje
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bioindicators ,radioactivity ,gamma-ray spectrometry ,Cs-137 ,contamination - Abstract
Bioindicators are used for the detection of heavy metal pollution since the late 1960s on land and since the 1970s in the sea. Among different bioindicators, molluscs, especially mussels, are popular bioindicators of heavy metal pollution of waters. Mosses are among the more often used bioindicators of heavy metal pollution of air and soil. Mosses are well suited to be used as indicators of radioactive contamination. They receive water and nutrients predominantly through atmospheric deposition. Mosses have been proven to accumulate radionuclides from fallouts after nuclear tests and after the Chernobyl accident. We sampled moss at 26 locations in and around Papuk Nature Park and at 40 locations in and around Kopački Rit Nature Park. Using gamma-ray spectrometry, we measured radionuclides. Of special concern were two radionuclides: Cs-137, predominantly a result of the Chernobyl accident, and Pb-210, Rn-222 progeny and the only radionuclide in uranium or thorium decay chains with a half-life of more than days expected to be present in larger quantities in atmospheric deposition. The results show that the activity concentrations of Cs-137 measured in Papuk Nature Park and especially in Kopački Rit Nature Park are low compared to the activity concentrations of Cs- 137 measured at other locations in Europe, including Plitvice Lakes National Park. As for Pb- 210, the measured activity concentrations are largely in line with other measurements in Europe. We can conclude that especially Kopački Rit Nature Park, and to a lesser extent also Papuk Nature Park, can be considered places with very low Cs- 137 background, and as such a suitable detection site for atmospheric deposition of radionuclides even in cases of smaller of far-away accidents.
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- 2022
29. New Laboratories for Radiation Dosimetry and Medical Physics at IMROH
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Pavelić, Luka, Prlić, Ivica, and Petrinec, Branko
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New Facilities, Instrumentation and methods - Abstract
The Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health (IMROH) is a multidisciplinary scientific institution with more than 70 years of experience in researching the mechanisms of action of various harmful chemical and physical factors and lifestyles on health and the environment. The Institute has a leading role in Croatia in research in the numerous fields that include dosimetry and protection against ionizing radiation, radiobiology, radiocontamination in the environment, as well as human exposure to these contaminants. Institute is at the end of multiyear project: Research and Educational Centre of Environmental Health and Radiation Protection - Reconstruction and Expansion of the IMROH. The purpose of this project is to increase and improve the current IMROH infrastructure and its research equipment, and with the accompanying organizational reform to establish a Research and Education Center for Health and Medical Ecology and Radiation Protection. Building appropriate spacious infrastructure and investing in modern scientific equipment will significantly increase the scientific excellence and visibility of IMROH in the field of existing research. This contribution gives in depth presentation of new laboratories and current capabilities of Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit at the Institute. Unit has always played important role in Croatian scientific and professional areas dealing with radiation dosimetry, radiation protection and medical physics. This role will become strengthened with new laboratories that focus on novel technological developments in instrumentation and measurement methods as well as through acquisition of cutting-edge personal dosimetry systems and in-situ dosimetric instrumentation.
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- 2022
30. Radiological impact of an active quarry in the Papuk Nature Park, Croatia
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Petrinec, Branko, primary, Rašeta, Davor, additional, and Babić, Dinko, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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31. A Holocene Sedimentary Record and the Impact of Sea-Level Rise in the Karst Lake Velo Blato and the Wetlands on Pag Island (Croatia)
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Ilijanić, Nikolina, primary, Miko, Slobodan, additional, Ivkić Filipović, Ivona, additional, Hasan, Ozren, additional, Šparica Miko, Martina, additional, Petrinec, Branko, additional, Terzić, Josip, additional, and Marković, Tamara, additional
- Published
- 2022
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32. 90Sr and stable element levels in bones of brown bears: long-term trends in bear populations from Croatia and Poland.
- Author
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Skoko, Božena, Kovačić, Milica, Lazarus, Maja, Sekovanić, Ankica, Kovačić, Jelena, Sergiel, Agnieszka, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, Reljić, Slaven, Petrinec, Branko, Selva, Nuria, and Huber, Đuro
- Subjects
BEAR populations ,BROWN bear ,NUCLEAR weapons testing ,TRACE elements ,FOOD chains - Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal trends and geographical differences in
90 Sr and stable element (Ba, Ca, Mn, Sr, Pb, Zn) levels in the bones of Croatian and Polish brown bear (Ursus arctos) populations. Experimental data suggest that in the decades after nuclear weapon tests and the Chernobyl accident,90 Sr bone activity concentrations decreased from 352 to 11 Bq kg−1 in the Croatian bear population (period 1982–2015) and from 831 to 27 Bq kg−1 in Polish bears (period 1962–2020). Calculated effective and ecological half-lives were 9 and 13 years for Croatian bears, and 15 and 31 years for Polish bears, respectively. Different temporal trends were noted in levels of Ba, Mn, Pb and Zn between the two countries with majority of bones having lower Pb, Sr and Zn in Croatian than in Polish bears. Estimated values for the soil-to-bear transfer of90 Sr were the same order of magnitude in the studied populations. Contrary to this, the estimated transfer of stable Sr was an order of magnitude lower for the Croatian bear population compared to Polish bears. The observed differences in soil-to-bear transfer between stable Sr and90 Sr found for Croatian bears might suggest the need for careful consideration on the use of stable Sr data as an analogue for90 Sr. To our knowledge, this is the first study that analysed90 Sr activity in tissue of brown bears. As such, it provides insight into the fate and behaviour of one of the most relevant anthropogenic radionuclides at the top of the food chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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33. Development of a solid phase microextraction method for the determination of nicotine in dried mushrooms
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Juri, Andreja, Tariba Lovakovi, Blanka, Lazarus, Maja, Petrinec, Branko, Širi, Ivan, and Bri Karaonji, Irena
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Official control of EU market foodstuffs repeatedly reports high nicotine levels in dried wild mushrooms without any clear scientific consensus about their origin. The advised constant monitoring calls for improvements to existing methods. For this purpose, our aim was to develop a headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS) that would eliminate the need for extensive sample pre-treatment. The type of fiber coating, amount of sample, extraction temperature and time, desorption time and salt addition were investigated and optimized as parameters affecting the SPME procedure. The optimized conditions were used to validate a quantitative method for nicotine analysis by matrix-matched calibration and isotopically labelled internal standard correction. The method provided good linearity (r2= 0.9994) over the tested concentration range (0.025–1 mg kg−1), low detection limit (0.005 mg kg−1) and low quantification limit (0.017 mg kg−1) for nicotine, being below the EU foodstuff regulations. For both of the tested concentration levels (0.050 and 0.200 mg kg−1), precision expressed as relative standard deviation was below 10% (4.5% and 8.5%, respectively), while accuracy was 98.2% and 100.3%. The optimized method was then used to determine nicotine levels in 18 samples of dried Boletusmushrooms from southeastern European countries entering the EU market. We demonstrated our HS-SPME procedure to be fast, simple, sensitive, solvent-free, cost-effective and thus suitable for controlling consumer safety regarding nicotine level in dried mushrooms.
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- 2023
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34. Dragonflies (Odonata) as bioindicators of radioactivity.
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Vukoja, Andrea, Bogdanović, Tomislav, Rašeta, Davor, Miljanić, Nora, Ivanišić Risek, Iva, Ilić, Krunoslav, Pavičić, Ivan, Marjanović Čermak, Ana Marija, and Petrinec, Branko
- Subjects
- *
GAMMA ray spectrometry , *GERMANIUM radiation detectors , *BIOSPHERE reserves , *BIOINDICATORS , *ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring - Abstract
Bioindicators are living organisms that are successfully used for monitoring changes in the environmental health due to natural and/or anthropogenic influences. Dragonflies (Odonata) are considered to be good indicators of water quality; however, research on dragonflies as potential indicators of radioactivity is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate dragonflies as potential biological indicators of ionising radiation in nature by measuring 137Cs activity concentrations in the dragonfly and river water samples. Altogether, 11 collective samples of dragonflies were collected from the bank of the Mura–Drava–Danube Biosphere Reserve, in the area of Virovitica–Podravina County. Following the initial sample preparation, the gamma spectrometry technique, employing an ORTEC HPGe detector system, was utilised to determine the activity concentrations of 137Cs. The results show that the activity concentrations of 137Cs in the river water were in the range from 4 to 13 Bq/m3. The results of dragonfly samples showed that 137Cs was in the range from 1.7 to 3 Bq/kg. This was more than a hundred times higher than in the river Drava water. According to the obtained results, we conclude that dragonflies could be used as potential bioindicators of radioactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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35. STEAM project: Združeno istraživanje mišljenja i stavova stanovništva o radonu - preliminarni rezultati za Hrvatsku
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Poje Sovilj, Marina, Miklavčić, Igor, Stanić, Denis, Šmit, Goran, Radolić, Vanja, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
- Subjects
radon ,stratificirano slučajno uzorkovanje ,istraživanje mišljenja i stavova - Abstract
Tijekom provedbe tehničkog projekta IAEA RER 9153: „Enhancing the Regional Capacity to Control Long Term Risks to the Public due to Radon in Dwellings and Workplaces“ uočena je potreba zemalja sudionika za provedbom zajedničkog i harmoniziranog istraživanja javnog mijenja o percepcijama rizika od radona. Dobivene informacije koristit će se u svrhu planiranja strategije komunikacije i njezine provedbe u implementaciji nacionalnih radonskih akcijskih planova prema EU BSS. U tu je svrhu pokrenut STEAM (Share, Team up, Engage, Analyse, Monitor) podprojekt temeljen na iskustvima i rezultatima istraživanja javnog mijenja u Rumunjskoj, a kojem se pridružilo trinaest zemalja: Albanija, Armenija, Austrija, Azerbajdžan, Bugarska, Hrvatska, Estonija, Gruzija, Litva, Moldavija, Rumunjska, Ruska Federacija i Slovačka. U ovom je višejezičnom i kroskulturalnom istraživanju javnog mijenja o riziku od radona korišten anketni upitnik koji se sastojao od pet većih blokova pitanja: općenita pitanja o zdravlju – 10 pitanja, radonu – 13 pitanja, percepciji rizika – 2, izvorima informiranja – 2, demografska i socijalna pitanja – 7, što ukupno čini 34 pitanja. Odgovori su kodirani prema Likertovoj skali: „u potpunosti se slažem“, „slažem se“, „niti se slažem niti ne slažem“, „ne slažem se“, „u potpunosti se ne slažem“, „ne znam“ i „radije ne bih odgovorio/la“. Za određivanje veličine uzorka korišteni su rezultati Popisa stanovništva RH iz 2011. godine kao i uobičajeni parametri nepouzdanosti u društvenim istraživanjima (pogreška od 5% uz interval pouzdanosti od 95%). Kako bi uzorak bi reprezentativan za populaciju korišteno je stratificirano slučajno uzorkovanje u više kategorija (spol, dob, obrazovna skupina, prihod). Prema danim kriterijima potreban broj anketa za RH je 385, a prikupljeno ih je 413. U ovom će radu biti prikazani rezultati navedenog istraživanja iz kojeg su vidljivi ne samo socioekonomski podaci nego i po prvi put dobiveni podaci o tome koliko uopće prosječan stanovnik zna o radonu, kojim izvorima informiranja najviše vjeruje te koji faktori utječu na njihovo ponašanje kako prilikom odlučivanja o mjerenju radona u kući tako i na aktivnosti usmjerene na smanjenje koncentracije radona u kući kada je to potrebno. Iako ispitanici smatraju da su dobro i vrlo dobro informirani o rizicima koji utječu na njihovo zdravlje (gotovo 80% ispitanika), njih 68% o radonu ne zna ništa ili vrlo malo, a njih 50% ne zna živi li u područjima u kojima je veća vjerojatnost da će koncentracija radona u njihovim domovima premašiti referentne vrijednosti. Međutim, na hipotetsko pitanje što bi poduzeli da su u njihovim domovima izmjerene povišene vrijednosti radona, njih 85% bi odmah poduzelo mjere za njegovo smanjenje.
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- 2023
36. Radiocarbon 14C acitivities in atmospheric CO2 in Zagreb and Cvetković, Central Croatia
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Borković, Damir, Krajcar Bronić, Ines, Kanduč, Tjaša, Sironić, Andreja, Barešić, Jadranka, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
- Subjects
atmospheric CO2 ,Central Croatia ,14c ,delta13C - Abstract
Radiocarbon (14C) is both the cosmogenic and anthropogenic isotope.14C activity in the atmospheric CO2 has been monitored in Zagreb since 1985, and recently we started monitoring at location of Cvetković village near Jastrebarsko, Zagreb county. Mean 14C activity in Zegreb is lower than that in Cvetković due to fossil fuel combustion in the city of Zagreb. The difference is more pronounced during winter months.
- Published
- 2023
37. RADON POTENTIAL OF THE KARSTIC LOCATIONS IN THE WESTERN PART OF THE NIKŠIĆ MUNICIPALITY (MONTENEGRO)
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Vukotić, Perko, Radolić, Vanja, Svrkota, Ranko, Stanić, Denis, Anđelić, Tomislav, Mrdak, Radivoje, Fuštić, Budimir, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
- Subjects
karst region ,high indoor radon levels ,high geogenic radon potential - Abstract
Radon concentrations in Montenegrin dwellings and schools are the highest in the western, rural part of the Nikšić municipality, which is a typical high karst region. In this region, during the national radon surveys, radon was measured in ground-floor rooms of 9 houses and 16 schools, at 25 locations that belong to an area of 800 km2. The radon concentrations in them were found to be in the range (219 – 2494) Bq/m3, with a mean value AM = 977 Bq/m3. In order to investigate the geogenic radon potential of these 25 karstic locations, as a probable cause of the high indoor radon levels, the following soil parameters were measured in the immediate vicinity of the mentioned houses and schools: humidity (H), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, activity concentrations of 226Ra, 238U, 235U, 232Th and 40K, radon activity concentration (c), permeability (k) for radon gas, and gamma dose rate (D) in the air 1 m above the soil. The geogenic radon potential of the location (GRP) was calculated from c and k values. Quantities that characterize radon in soils of the investigated area are found to have high values: c – range (8.9 – 390) kBq/m3, AM = 115 kBq/m3 ; k – range (3.9 – 180) ∙ 10-13 m2, AM = 153 10-13 m2 ; GRP – range (11 – 419), AM = 129. Also, concentrations of 226Ra, as 222Rn parent, are elevated (range (48 – 326) Bq/kg, AM = 167 Bq/kg), probably because of traces of bauxite presence at some of the investigated locations. Nine of the 25 investigated locations have a radon index (RI) which is categorized as extremely high, and the other 9 locations have very high RI. Spearman correlation reveals a strong relationship between c and GRP (rs = 0.906, p < 0.001), moderate relationships of c with D (rs = 0.517, p < 0.008) and 226Ra (rs = 0.521, p < 0.008), and k with EC (rs = 0.614, p < 0.001). The relationship between D and 226Ra is strong (rs = 0.719, p < 0.001). Pearson correlation shows positive linear relationships of gamma dose rate (D) with 226Ra and radon concentration (c) in soil and with GRP of the location, which means that D could be used at karstic terrains as the first, although rough indicator of radium content in the soil, and geogenic radon potential at the location as well.
- Published
- 2023
38. UTJECAJ PROJEKTA POBOLJŠANJA ENERGETSKE UČINKOVITOSTI NA KONCENTRACIJE RADONA U PROSTORIJAMA ODJELA ZA FIZIKU I ODJELA ZA MATEMATIKU SVEUČILIŠTA J. J. STROSSMAYERA U OSIJEKU
- Author
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Stanić, Denis, Kovač, Bruno, Miklavčić, Igor, Poje Sovilj, Marina, Radolić, Vanja, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
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radon ,detektor nuklearnih tragova - Abstract
Poboljšanje energetske učinkovitosti zgrada zadnjih je godina sve učestalije. Kako je konvekcija jedan od glavnih mehanizama gubitka topline u zgradama, izmjenom stare stolarije i postavljanjem toplinske ovojnice oko zgrade može se smanjiti strujanje zraka i tako postići željeno smanjenje toplinskih gubitaka. Međutim, smanjenjem strujanja zraka olakšava se nakupljanje radona u prostorijama unutar zgrade što može predstavljati potencijalnu opasnost za zdravlje ljudi jer je radon drugi po redu (odmah nakon pušenja) uzročnik karcinoma pluća u svijetu. Ovaj rad uspoređuje rezultate mjerenja koncentracije radona u zgradi Odjela za fiziku i Odjela za matematiku Sveučilišta u Osijeku iz 2014. godine [D. Stanić i sur., HDZZ, 2015, str. 187192], kada je zgrada imala staru drvenu stolariju, s novim mjerenjima iz 2021. godine, nakon što je postavljena nova PVC stolarija u sklopu projekta povećanja energetske učinkovitosti zgrade. Koncentracija radona u zraku mjerena je pasivnom metodom korištenjem odvojivih (engl. strippable) detektora nuklearnih tragova LR-115 tip II. Detektori se postavljaju na nosač detektora RadonOS-Z (cilindrična plastična posuda promjera 11 cm i visine 7 cm). Nakon izlaganja, detektori su jetkani u 10% vodenoj otopini NaOH na 50 °C u trajanju od 150 minuta, a potom su tragovi alfa čestica brojani pomoću brojača iskri, AIST- 2V. Koeficijent osjetljivosti K određen je kalibracijom filmova u radonskoj komori i iznosi: K = 65 ± 23 Bq m-3 / tr cm-2 d-1. Detektori su izlagani u trajanju od 6 mjeseci (studeni 2020. – svibanj 2021.) u istim prostorijama u kojima je vršeno prethodno istraživanje iz 2014. godine. Rezultati su sljedeći: na Odjelu za fiziku srednje koncentracija radona povećana je s 44 ± 16 Bq/m^3 na 143 ± 51 Bq/m^3, dok je na Odjelu za matematiku također zabilježeno povećanje s 81 ± 29 Bq/m^3 na 263 ± 94 Bq/m^3. Zanimljivo je da je na oba Odjela faktor povećanja isti i iznosi 3, 5 puta. Međutim, dok je na Odjelu za fiziku koncentracija radona u svim prostorijama bila ispod preporučene vrijednosti od 300 Bq/m^3 [Pravilnik o granicama ozračenja, preporučenom doznom ograničenju i procjenjivanju osobnog ozračenja, NN 38/18, članak 15. i 16.], na Odjelu za matematiku uočeno je čak pet prostorija s koncentracijom radona iznad preporučene vrijednosti. Ovaj rezultat upućuje na daljnji monitoring radona u navedenim prostorijama, ali i na potrebu ovakvog kontrolnog mjerenja koncentracije radona u svim zgradama nakon završetka projekta energetske obnove zgrade.
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- 2023
39. COMPARISON OF RADON ADSORPTION ON HEMATITE AND ACTIVATED CARBON
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Šmit, Goran, Radolić, Vanja, Miklavčić, Igor, Poje Sovilj, Marina, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
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radon, hematite, activated carbon, adsorption - Abstract
Radon is a gas without color, taste and smell from the group of noble gases, so it is chemically almost completely inert. However, radon is also a radioactive gas which makes it dangerous to health if it accumulates in spaces that people use for work and stay. Increased radon concentrations are attempted to be reduced by airing and adsorption on suitable adsorbents such as activated carbon, i.e. more recently silica-gel and various forms of zeolite. The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of hematite (α-Fe2O3) as an adsorbent for radon in the air as well as the properties of activated carbon in the same conditions (Figure 1). The results were analyzed using models of adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich) and adsorption kinetics (pseudo-first order, pseudo- second order, intra-particle diffusion and Elovich). Hematite has been shown to have very similar characteristics in radon adsorption compared to activated carbon, but a more significant efficiency over a longer period of time which is 97% versus 56% on activated carbon. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that hematite is also a possible effective radon adsorbent in the air.
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- 2023
40. Usporedba Sr i AnaLig smole za određivanje 210Pb u organskim uzorcima
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Skoko, Božena, Coha, Ivana, Štrok, Marko, Bošnir, Domagoj, Grahek, Željko, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
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olovo ,radiokemijska separacija ,Sr smola ,AnaLig®Sr-01 - Abstract
Za određivanje 210Pb u organskim uzorcima malih masa, analiza uporabom beta brojača je često potrebna da bi se postigle željene granice detekcije. Za beta brojanje je pak potrebna radiokemijska separacija 210Pb od intereferirajućih radionuklida. U tu svrhu moguće je koristiti različite smole. U ovom istraživanju, napravljena je usporedba dviju smola: Sr smola, kao poznati krunasti eter korišten u radiokemijskim analizama više radionuklida te AnaLig®Sr-01, materijal temeljen na molekularnom raspoznavanju, a koji je manje zastupljen u radiokemiji. Obje vrsta smola, incijalno proizvedene za separaciju Sr, čvrsto vežu Pb iz različitih kiselih otopina. Stoga su ove dvije vrste smole ispitane na istoj vrsti organskog uzorka (uzorci gujavica) da bi se usporedile njihove mogućnosti izolacije 210Pb. Separacija 210Pb na Sr smoli je napravljena metodom opisanom u Štrok i Smodiš (2011), a na AnaLig Sr-01 smoli metodom Dulanska et al. (2011) koja je za potrebe ovog istraživanja bila modificirana. Prije radiokemijske separacije uzorcima je dodana poznata količina Pb nosača, a potom su razoreni mješavinom HNO3/HCl/H2O2 uz zagrijavanje. Uzorci su na obje smole naneseni u 2M HCl otopini. Sr smola je korištena samo jednom za svaki uzorak, dok je AnaLig smola regenerirana vodom i alkalnom otopinom EDTA. U obje metode 210Pb je taložen u obliku PbSO4, a kemijsko iskorištenje je određeno gravimetrijski. Dodatno, potencijalni gubitak Pb na AnaLig smoli je popraćen njegovim određivanjem u uzorku prije i poslije kolone uz pomoć atomskog apsorpcijskog spektrometra (AAS). Uzorci su čuvani 30 dana prije brojanja proporcionalnim beta brojačem. Na Sr smoli je analizirano ukupno 18 uzoraka, a na AnaLig smoli 9. Uzorci su bili u rasponu masa 0.04 – 0.62 g suhe tvari. Na Sr smoli, kemijsko iskorištenje je bilo u rasponu 16 – 35 %, s prosječnom vrijednosti od 22%. Na AnaLig®Sr-01 smoli gravimetrijski određeno iskorištenje je bilo u rasponu 16 – 90 %, prosječne vrijednosti 70 %. Međutim, iskorištenje određeno AAS-om je bilo u rasponu 63 – 100 %, s prosječnom vrijednosti od 87 %. Razlike između gravimetrijski i spektrometrijski određenog iskorištenja upućuju na postojanost AnaLig smole prilikom opetovane upotrebe, dok su dodatni gubici Pb mogući tijekom njegove depozicije u obliku sulfata. Osim većih kemijskih iskorištenja, otprilike tri puta manje količine reagensa su bile potrebne za separaciju 210Pb na AnaLig®Sr-01 u odnosu na Sr smolu.
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- 2023
41. Napredni oksidacijski procesi-ionizirajuće zračenje
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Tartaro Bujak, Ivana, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
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napredni oksidacijski procesi ,farmaceutici ,ionizirajuće zračenje - Abstract
Konvencionalne metode pročišćavanja otpadnih voda temelje se na kemijskim, fizikalnim ii biološkim procesima te često nisu dovoljno učinkovite u uklanjanju teško razgradivih zagađivala kao što su pesticidi, herbicidi i farmaceutici. Tretiranje vodenih otopina ionizirajućim zračenjem kao jednim od naprednih oksidacijskih procesa može biti efikasno u riješavanju problema otpadnih voda. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti utjecaj doze zračenja, brzine doze, anorganskih iona i pH na radiolitičku razgradnju često korištenog antihipertenziva, doksazosina. Utvrđeno je da su •OH glavne reaktivne vrste odgovorne za razgradnju doksazosina, a efikasnost razgradnje polaznog spoja raste s porastom doze zračenja. Prisutnost nitrata je imala značajniji utjecaj na razgradnju doksazosina u usporedbi s karbonatima i fosfatima. Optimalna pH vrijednost za razgradnju vodene otopine doksazosina je u neutralnom, blago kiselom području (pH = 6, 5), dok je pri izrazito kiselim i baznim uvjetima razgradnja bila slabija. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je radijacijska tehnologija pogodna u procesu uklanjanja mikrozagađivala kao što su farmaceutici u realnim vodenim sustavima.
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- 2023
42. Usporedba tekućih scintilacijskih brojača za mjerenje niskih aktivnosti radioaktivnog ugljika 14C i tricija 3H
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Barešić, Jadranka, Sironić, Andreja, Coha, Ivana, Borković, Damir, Krajcar Bronić, Ines, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
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tekućinski scintilacijski brojač ,niska radioaktivnost ,radiokarbon 14C ,TriCarb 3180 ,Quantulus 1220 ,Quantulus 6220 GCT - Abstract
Prirodni izotop ugljika (14C) čini samo jednu česticu u 1012 atoma ugljika. To je niskoenergijski beta emiter, najveće energije E(14C)max = 156 keV, čija se aktivnost određuje izoliranjem ugljika iz uzorka u mjernu matricu (benzen ili CO2 apsorbiran u scintilacijskom koktelu) na tekućim scintilacijskim brojačima. Prirodne koncentracije 14C često se koriste za analizu prirodnih procesa, praćenje i 14C datiranje. Aktivnost 14C se rutinski određuje u Laboratoriju za niske radioaktivnosti (LNA) na Institutu Ruđer Bošković (IRB). Ugljik iz uzorka se kemijski prevodi u CO2 i apsorbira u scintilacijski koktel (LSC-A tehnika) ili u benzen (LSC-B tehnika). Tehnika LSC-A ima veću relativnu nesigurnost (~2, 6% za uzorak od 100 pMC, engl. percent modern carbon) i obično se koristi za geološke uzorke i monitoring okoliša, dok LSC-B (~0, 6% za uzorak od 100 pMC) s većom preciznošću se koristi za 14C datiranje. Brojač za mjerenje niskih radioaktivnosti, Quantulus 1220TM ima vrlo niski pozadinski šum (~1 cpm) i omogućuje 14C datiranje do 50 000 godina. Uređaj se koristi i za mjerenje niskih aktivnosti tricija. U Laboratoriju za radioekologiju (LRE) IRB-a redovito se koriste dva tekućinska scintilacijska brojača: TriCarb 3180 TR/SL i Quantulus 6220 GCT za mjerenje aktivnosti tricija. U okviru ovog istraživanja mjerena je aktivnost 14C brojačima na LRE i LNA te su uspoređeni dobiveni rezultati, odbroj slijepe probe, učinkovitost i mjerne nesigurnosti. Dobiveni rezultati za benzensku matricu (LSC-B tehnika) pokazali su da iako za slijepu probu vrijednosti brojača TriCarb mogu varirati između 1 i 2 cpm, vrijednosti oko 150 pMC mogu se izmjeriti s 0, 2% relativne standardne nesigurnosti, što je usporedivo sa standardnom nesigurnošću za Quantulus 1220. Preliminarni rezultati za Quantulus 6220 GCT imaju slične odbroje za slijepu probu kao i za Quantulus 1220. Relativne standardne nesigurnosti za slijepu probu su 4 – 5% za Quantulus 6220 i 2% za Quantulus 1220, dok su za aktivne uzorke relativne nesigurnosti za oba instrumenta iste, 0, 2 – 0, 3% za uzorke od 130 i 150 pMC. Iako je potrebno je provesti daljnja ispitivanja, postoje dobre indikacije da za LCS-B tehniku Quantulus 1220 može zamijeniti Quantulusom 6220 GCT. Tehnika LSC-A je testirana samo na TriCarb brojaču i preliminarni testovi su pokazali dobro slaganje s mjerenjima dobivenim na Quantulusu 1220 za uzorke s višim aktivnostima (~600 pMC) u energijskom rasponu 10 – 110 keV. Potrebno je provesti daljnje testove kako bi se potvrdili rezultati, međutim, ovo je također dobar pokazatelj da se TriCarb može koristiti za LSC-A tehniku.
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- 2023
43. Dozimetrija teških nabijenih čestica pomoću luminiscentnih dozimetara
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Majer, Marija, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
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luminiscentni dozimetri ,RPL dozimetri ,TL dozimetri ,dozimetrija teških nabijenih čestica - Abstract
Luminiscentni dozimetri su pasivni dozimetri napravljeni od materijala u kojima ozračivanjem nastaju stabilni luminiscentni centri. Davanjem odgovarajuće stimulacije dolazi do luminiscencije i intenzitet emitiranih fotona povezuje se s dozom. Ovisno o vrsti stimulacije razlikujemo termoluminiscentne (TL), radiofotoluminiscentne (RPL) i optički stimulirane (OSL) dozimetre. Luminiscentni dozimetri su dobro istraženi u fotonskim i elektronskim poljima, pouzdani su i prikladni za mnoge primjene te se često koriste za mjerenja fotonskih doza u osobnoj dozimetriji, okolišu i medicini. Napravljen je i niz istraživanja vezan za odziv u neutronskim poljima te se neki od njih mogu koristiti za mjerenja neutronskih doza. Poseban izazov, i u posljednje vrijeme sve veći interes, predstavlja primjena luminiscentnih dozimetra u hadronskoj radioterapiji i dozimetriji svemira tj. u uvjetima gdje dominiraju teške nabijene čestice. U predavanju će se dati pregled trenutnog stanja vezanog za dozimetriju teških nabijenih čestica pomoću luminiscentnih dozimetara s naglaskom na TL i RPL dozimetre.
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- 2023
44. Određivanje referentne brzine kerme u zraku brahiterapijskog izvora 192Ir velike brzine doze: pregled rezultata i iskustva jedne ustanove
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Mirjana Budanec, Lucija Rončević, Iva Mrčela, Marin Gregov, Ante Matanić, Tomislav Bokulić, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
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brahiterapija, velika brzina doze, referentna brzina kerme u zraku, ionizacijska komora bunarskoga tipa - Abstract
Određivanje referentne brzine kerme u zraku (RAKR) brahiterapijskog izvora velike brzine doze (HDRBT) ključna je komponenta kliničkog programa osiguranja kvalitete. Ono je temeljni korak koji osigurava točnu, pouzdanu i sigurnu brahiterapiju, pa ga stoga preporučuju glavna međunarodna i nacionalna stručna udruženja, a često je obavezan i prema nacionalnoj regulativi. Cilj ovog rada je prikaz postupaka određivanja RAKR izvora iridija (192Ir) i analiza rezultata mjerenja u Klinici za onkologiju i nuklearnu medicinu, KBC Sestre milosrdnice, provedenih tijekom više od 20 godina kliničke brahiterapije. Ovaj pregled uključuje opis mjerne metode određivanja RAKR-a, promjene postupka i prilagodbe tijekom vremena, uključujući izmjenu uređaja za naknadno uvođenje izvora, vrste izvora te zamjenu mjerne opreme. Ispitan je utjecaj ovih varijabli na rezultate RAKR-a i provedena je procjena nepouzdanosti RAKR-a, razmatranjem svih važnih doprinosa nepouzdanosti tipa A i B, koji se odnose na model jednadžbe za račun RAKR-a, kombiniranih u standardnu nepouzdanost.
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- 2023
45. Međulaboratorijske usporedbe određivanja ukupne alfa i ukupne beta aktivnosti u vodi – iskustva i rezultati laboratorija za radioekologiju Instituta Ruđer Bošković i Odsjeka za fiziku niskih i srednjih energija Instituta Jožef Stefan
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Coha, Ivana, Grahek, Željko, Poiškruh, Klara, Kožar Logar, Jasmina, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
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ukupna alfa aktivnost ,ukupna beta aktivnost ,tekućinsko scintilacijsko brojenje ,interkomparacije - Abstract
Praćenje radioaktivnih tvari u vodi namijenjenoj za ljudsku potrošnju propisano je direktivom EU 2013/51/Euratom. Prema navedenoj direktivi Indikativna doza (ID) ne smije prelaziti 0, 1 mSv odnosno određena ukupna alfa aktivnost u vodi za piće ne smije prelaziti 0, 1 Bq/L, a ukupna beta aktivnost 1 Bq/L. Obzirom da navedena metoda zahtijeva određivanje koncentracije aktivnosti svih alfa, odnosno beta emitera (isključujući 3H, radon i 40K), sama metoda sadrži mnoge nedostatke. Potreba za umanjenjem navedenih nedostataka, ali i većoj harmonizaciji metoda, svjedoče rezultati međulaboratorijskih usporedbi koje organizira Zajednički istraživački centar (JRC) Europske komisije. Naime 2012. godine organizirana je međulaboratorijska usporedba određivanja ukupne α/ β aktivnosti u vodi za piće s ciljem ocjene prikladnosti raspoloživih metoda za navedena određivanja. Analiza rezultata 71 laboratorija je pokazala kako rezultati mnogih sudionika odstupaju za više od dva reda veličine od referentnih vrijednosti, a svega je jedan laboratorij prijavio rezultate za sve analizirane uzorke voda unutar referentnih vrijednosti. Unatoč napretku u harmonizaciji primjenljivih metoda, provjera osposobljenosti održana 2019.-2020., u kojoj je sudjelovalo 145 laboratorija, pokazala je kako metoda i dalje sadrži nedostatke te kako su rezultati mnogih laboratorija neprihvatljivi, što se najviše očituje pri ocjeni rezultata s pridruženom mjernom nesigurnosti. Stoga su u ovom radu analizirani rezultati određivanja ukupne alfa i ukupne beta aktivnosti dvaju laboratorija (Laboratorij za radioekologiju, IRB i Odsjek za fiziku srednjih i niskih energija, IJS) koji su sudjelovali u spomenutoj međulaboratorijskoj usporedbi. Dodatno su uspoređeni rezultati određivanja ukupne alfa/ukupne beta aktivnosti u uzorcima međulaboratorijskih usporedbi koje organizira ALMERA (IAEA). Od ukupno 29 prijavljenih rezultata, zeta () vrijednost 25 rezultata je manja od 2, zeta vrijednost 3 rezultata je između 2 i 3, dok je za jedan rezultat zeta vrijednost veća od 3. Iako je većina dobivenih rezultata prihvaćena od strane organizatora, provedena je detaljnija analiza rezultata, izračuni mjernih nesigurnosti, uspoređene su primijenjene metode za pripravu uzoraka, ISO 10704, ISO 11704 i interna metoda razvijena na IJS te korišteni mjerni instrumenti (iMatic – automatski alfa/beta brojač s PIPS detektorom, Tri-Carb 3180 TR/SL, Quantulus 6220 GCT i Quantulus 1220) u svrhu otkrivanja ključnih nedostataka metoda i njihovom poboljšavanju.
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- 2023
46. Razvoj metode određivanja 210Pb kombinacijom kromatografskog odjeljivanja i tekućinske scintilacijske detekcije
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Coha, Ivana, Ilievski, Tomislav, Ivković, Martina, Karanović, Gorana, Skoko, Božena, Tucaković, Ivana, Grahek, Željko, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
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210Pb ,tekućinsko scintilacijsko brojenje ,kromatografsko odjeljivanje ,radiokemija - Abstract
Radionuklid 210Pb član je lanca radioaktivnog raspada 238U te zajedno sa svojim potomkom 210Po spada u skupinu najtoksičnijih radioizotopa koji najviše doprinose prirodnom unutarnjem ozračenju jedinke. Da bi se mogao kvantificirati njihov doprinos ukupnoj efektivnoj dozi, potrebno je kvantitativno određivanje koncentracije aktivnosti, za što je potrebno raspolagati odgovarajućim metodama. Radionuklid 210Pb prilikom raspada emitira niskoenergijske beta čestice (Eβmax = 63, 5 keV) i gama zračenje (Eγmax = 46, 53 keV, relativni intenzitet emisije (Iγ= 4.25%). Stoga je ponekad potrebna izolacija olova iz uzorka te detekcija 210Pb na odgovarajućem instrumentu što sam postupak određivanja čini kompliciranim i dugotrajnim. Razvoj tehnologije i novih naprednih separacijskih materijala omogućava razvoj metoda određivanja niskih aktivnosti ciljanih nuklida (210Pb i drugih) prisutnih u raznim vrstama uzoraka uz dostizanje vrlo niskih granica detekcije. Stoga se u Laboratoriju za radioekologiju Instituta Ruđer Bošković, u okviru RichFALL projekta, radi na razvoju brze i jednostavne poluautomatizirane metode određivanja 210Pb u različitim vrstama uzoraka iz okoliša i hrane. Razvijena je metoda gdje se olovo iz uzorka koncentrira i odijeli od niza interferirajućih iona korištenjem kolone punjene AnaLig Sr-01 smolom te eluira s 9 mol/L HCl [1]. Potom se 210Pb kvantitativno određuje na tekućinskom scintilacijskom brojaču iz prethodno uparene eluirane otopine, prebačene u scintilacijsku bočicu uz dodatak 5 mL 0, 05 mol/L HNO3 i pomiješane sa scintilacijskim koktelom. U ovom istraživanju, metoda je poboljšana tako da je olovo eluirano s otopinom EDTA direktno u scintilacijsku bočicu i mjereno na LSC-u kako bi se skratilo vrijeme analize. Ispitana je učinkovitost detekcije standarda 210Pb - (210Bi) u različitim medijima ; otopini EDTA, HNO3 i HCl te ovisno o omjeru volumena uzorka i scintilacijskog koktela. Nakon optimiziranja detekcije, određena je optimalna dimenzija kolone kako bi eluiranje u odabranom volumenu bilo što učinkovitije. Metoda je testirana određivanjem 210Pb u interkomparacijskim i realnim uzorcima, a dobiveni rezultati uspoređeni su s referentnim vrijednostima i/ili rezultatima dobivenima gama- spektrometrijskim određivanjem. Prezentirana metoda rezultira kraćim trajanjem analize uz minimalnu potrebu za manipulacijom uzorcima, manjoj količini sekundarnog otpada te većom efikasnošću u odnosu na postojeće metode.
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- 2023
47. Određivanje korekcijskih faktora na volumeno usrednjavanje za ionizacijske komore različitog volumena u uskim snopovima Co-60
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Šegedin, Nikola, Hršak, Hrvoje, Dolanski Babić, Sanja, Jurković, Slaven, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
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Volume averaging, Co-60, Gamma Knife, MATLAB - Abstract
Volume-averaging of a measured detector response is a known problem in small photon beam dosimetry. This affects the reading of detectors and erroneously makes wider the penumbra region of a measured dose profile which results in an underestimation of the absorbed dose on the beam central axis. To account for this, the measured response must be corrected by the volume averaging correction factor, calculated using Kawachi formalism. However, due to the difference in radiation field geometry, this formalism must be modified to be applicable to Gamma Knife (Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden). The purpose of this work was to determine the volume averaging correction factors for different ionization chambers and field sizes in narrow Co-60 beams used by Gamma Knife Icon. Small-volume ionization chambers that were studied are: Semiflex TM31010 V=125 mm3, PinPoint TM31014 V=15 mm3, PinPoint 3D TM31016 V=16 mm3 (PTW, Freiburg, Germany), RAZOR chamber V=10 mm3, and RAZORnano chamber V=3 mm3 (IBA Dosimetry, Schwarzenbruck, Germany). To determine a volume averaging correction for different detectors a 3D elliptical dose model was implemented using normalized dose profiles provided by Elekta (Sweden). With fitted dose profiles and an elliptical 3D dose model, an analytical expression and visualization of different field sizes were obtained using MATLAB (TheMathWorks Inc., USA). Using numerical integration (Simpson's rule), we were able to determine the volume averaging correction factors as a function of different field sizes. Semiflex chamber has the largest volume averaging correction factor: 1.006, 1.042, and 1.627 for 16, 8, and 4 mm field sizes respectively. Furthermore, the corrections for the PinPoint ionization chamber are 1.005, 1.011, and 1.181 ; for PinPoint 3D, the corrections are 1.003, 1.005, and 1.057 for 16, 8, and 4 mm field sizes respectively. The corrections for the RAZOR chamber are 1.004, 1.006, and 1.074 while the RAZORnano chamber has corrections of 1.003, 1.003, and 1.025 for 16, 8, and 4 mm field sizes respectively. This work has illustrated the possibility to determine volume averaging correction factors for narrow photon beams of Gamma Knife devices using an elliptical dose model. It is shown that volume averaging increases with the increase in the detector’s sensitive volume. Therefore, the Semiflex ionization chamber had the largest correction factor for all field sizes and the RAZORnano chamber had the smallest. For all studied detectors volume averaging decreased with an increase in field size.
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- 2023
48. Određivanje radionuklida u komercijalnoj dječjoj hrani korištenoj u Hrvatskoj
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Tucaković, Ivana, Karanović, Gorana, Coha, Ivana, Pavičić-Hamer, Dijana, Grahek, Željko, Skoko, Božena, Ilievski, Tomislav, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
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dječja hrana ,radioaktivnost ,ingestijska doza - Abstract
Prikazani su dosadašnji rezultati mjerenja radioaktivnosti u odabranoj dječjoj hrani koja se koristi za prehranu djece do jedne godine starosti. Istraživanje je provedeno u sklopu HrZZ projekta RiChFALL (2020.– 2024.). Odabrani su uzorci pripravaka dječje hrane koja je u Hrvatskoj komercijalno široko dostupna i korištena. Uzorci su podijeljeni prema dobi djeteta u kategorije prema vrsti pripravka za djecu, od mliječnih formula preko žitnih i voćnih kašica do pripravljenih obroka s mesom i/ili povrćem. Kvantitativna analiza radionuklida koje je moguće odredivati gama-spektometrijski direktno ili posredno putem potomaka, rađena je korištenjem germanijskih detektora visoke čistoće. Beta emiter Sr-90 određivan je nakon radiokemijske separacije korištenjem proporcionalnog α/β brojača te Čerenkovljevim brojanjem tekućinskim scintilacijskim brojačem. Dobiveni rezultati korišteni su za proračun godišnje ingestijske doze. Rezultati analiza pokazali su da u ukupnoj aktivnosti najviše očekivano doprinosi K-40 koji je detektiran u svim uzorcima, sa masenim aktivnostima koje se kreću u rasponu od 30 Bq/kg do iznad 250 Bq/kg. Najveće su vrijednosti redovno mjerene u adaptiranom mlijeku u prahu (150 – 200 Bq/kg), dok je općenito najveca vrijednost od 262 Bq/kg određena u žitnoj zobenoj kaši. U većini uzoraka detektirana je i prisutnost Ra-226, no aktivnost nije niti u jednom uzorku prelazila vrijednost od 1 Bq/kg. Antropogeni radionuklid Cs-137 detektiran je u malim količinama, i to samo u nekoliko uzoraka adaptiranog mlijeka u prahu u kojima je također pronađena i najveća aktivnost K-40. Sr-90 detektiran je u neznatnim količinama u većini uzoraka voćnih i povrtnih kašica, te mesnih obroka, zatim u malom broju mliječnih pripravaka, dok niti u jednom uzorku žitnih kašica nije prelazio granicu detekcije. Budući da se za pripremu mliječnih formula i žitnih kašica u preporučenom omjeru koristi i voda, za određivanje primljene ingestijske doze korišteni su rezultati radioaktivnosti u vodi s područja Hrvatske preuzeti iz prethodnih istraživanja. Ingestijska doza procjenjena je na vrijednost od 0, 72 mSv/god čime ne prelazi preporučeni limit od 1 mSv godišnje. U primljenoj dozi prevladava doprinos K-40 sa preko 70%. Pri tome najveći dio dolazi od unosa voća, zatim mlijeka, te žitarica. Kako se u dječju prehranu postupno uvode pojedine namirnice, u nastavku ovog istraživanja prikupljani su i uzorci voća i povrća sa OPG-ova diljem Hrvatske, te će biti prikazani preliminarni rezultati njihovih radioaktivnosti po vrsti i regijama.
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- 2023
49. A CASE STUDY OF THE FIRST REMEDIATION OF ELEVATED RADON LEVELS IN ONE PUBLIC BUILDING IN CROATIA
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Radolić, Vanja, Poje Sovilj, Marina, Navratilova Rovenska, Katerina, Fojtikova, Ivana, Stanić, Denis, Miklavčić, Igor, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
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radon concentration ,remediation ,public building - Abstract
Radon concentrations in 117 schools and 87 kindergartens of Istria county were systematically measured by track-etched detectors from November 2013 until February 2015. Detectors were exposed for one year in every playroom in kindergartens and selected classrooms and offices evenly distributed across areas and floors in schools. The obtained average radon concentrations were higher than the reference value (300 Bq/m^3) in 15.5% of kindergartens and 21.0% of schools including this elementary school of interest in Pula. In this school building integrated follow-up radon measurements were performed in 2018-19 by track-etched detectors exposed in every classroom and office. Simultaneously, continuous radon measurements were conducted by TSR3 radon detectors which were exposed for several weeks during the heating season and the time resolution was adjusted to 1-hour. The observed daily variations of radon concentrations show a strong dependence on increased natural ventilation during working hours ; a significantly decrease of radon concentrations in the morning and early afternoon and a consequently increase at night and during weekends. However, increased natural ventilation reduce radon concentration in the building during working hours only by 15% and therefore, the design and application of some more effective radon reduction techniques were suggested. The project of radon mitigation has been proposed in September 2021 by one architectural bureau and realized in spring 2022. At six locations around the school building, radon sumps have been created underground beneath the building which serve as the lowest pressure points in the ground to collect radon gas from the soil rather than it being drawn into the building. The pipeworks and inline fans have been installed on the outside walls of the building to continuously exhaust radon from the sump into the atmosphere outside the building. The effectiveness of the installed system has been checked during the IAEA regional workshop on the best practices for reducing radon concentrations in buildings held in Pula in November 2022. During three days, 25 continuous radon monitors (RadonEye Plus 2, Corentium Pro, Tesla TSR4 and AlphaGUARD) were exposed across areas and floors in the school building. Results of this short term measurement show that when the system was fully operable (all fans are switched on) radon concentrations were reduced to levels well below 200 Bq/m^3 ; when fans were switched off, radon concentrations rapidly increased. Optimization of the installed system for energy- saving purposes was recommended.
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- 2023
50. Vertikalna distribucija 210Po u poljoprivrednim tlima
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Skoko, Božena, Tucaković, Ivana, Štrok, Marko, Grahek, Željko, Ilievski, Tomislav, Petrinec, Branko, Pavelić, Luka, Popić, Jelena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
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alfa spektrometrija ,polonij ,tlo ,prirodno prisutni radionuklid - Abstract
Jedan od ciljeva HrZZ projekta RiChFALL je istraživanje prijenosa radionuklida iz tla u razne poljoprivredne kulture uzgojene na lokalnim poljoprivrednim gospodarstvima. 210Po je prirodno prisutni radionuklid koji zajedno s 210Pb znatno doprinosi unutarnjoj izloženosti ionizirajućem zračenju u ljudi. Isto tako, varijacije u količinama 210Pb i 210Po u tlu mogu biti odraz prirodnih biogeokemijskih procesa kao i antropogenih utjecaja različitih industrijskih aktivnosti. I dok aktivnost 210Pb u uzorcima tla može biti direktno izmjerena gamma spektrometrijom, određivanje aktivnosti 210Po zahtijeva radiokemijsku pripremu uzorka prije mjerenja alfa spektrometrom. Uzorci tla su bili prikupljeni iz različitih hrvatskih regija. Uz pomoć korera uzimani su na dubinama: 0 – 5 cm, 5 – 10 cm, 10 – 20 cm te 20 – 50 cm, a potom sušeni na temperaturi do 65 °C da bi se izbjegli gubici 210Po prilikom zagrijavanja. Posušeni uzorci su homogenizirani te mehanički prosijani na veličinu čestica od 250 µm. Razaranje uzoraka tla je napravljeno uz pomoć mikrovalne pećnice. Uzimajući u obzir volatilnost 210Po, standardna procedura za mirkovalno razaranje tla je bila malo prilagođena. Masa uzorka je bila otprilike 1g. Neposredno prije mikrovalne digestije u uzorke je dodan tracer 209Po, isto alfa emiter. Nakon razaranja, uzorci su profiltrirani te je filtrat pažljivo uparen do suhoga. Preostali talog je otopljen u 0.5 M HCl otopini uz dodatak potrebne količine askorbinske kiseline. U ovoj otopini napravljena je auto- depozicija Po na srebrni disk, uz pomoć zagrijavanja i miješanja. Raspon kemijskog iskorištenja je bio 80 – 95 %. Koncentracije aktivnosti 210Po u uzorcima tla varirale su od nekoliko desetaka pa do nekoliko stotina Bqkg-1. Najveće vrijednosti izmjerene su u površinskim slojevima tla (do 10 cm dubine). Međutim, distribucija 210Po između prvog (0 – 5 cm) i drugog sloja (5 – 10 cm) je varirala, a na nekim lokacijama je upravo drugi sloj imao veće koncentracije aktivnosti 210Po od prvog. U trećem sloju (10 – 20 cm) vrijednosti su najčešće bile nešto niže od onih izmjerenih u površinskim slojevima. No zato u najdubljem sloju (20 – 50 cm) je zabilježen najveći pad u koncentracijama aktivnosti 210Po u svim izmjerenim tlima. Isto tako, 210Po nije nužno bio u ravnoteži s 210Pb u svim uzorcima. Daljna elementna analiza i analiza fizikalno-kemijskih parametera prikupljenih uzoraka mogla bi pomoći u identifikaciji onih faktora koji utječu na dinamiku te distribuciju 210Pb i 210Po u tlima.
- Published
- 2023
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