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21 results on '"Petit, Daniel"'

1. Mating Strategy in the Arab Horse Population Over 30 Years in Algeria

Author

Benia Ahmed R., Benamor Naceur, Bounaceur Farid, Belalia Abdelkader, and Petit Daniel

Subjects
arabian horse, genetic distance, heterozygosity, microsatellite markers, population decline, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

The objective of this research was to describe the variation in breeding practices in the population of Arabian horses in Algeria in relation to the population size drop observed in the 2000s, due to an increase in the cost of food and a change in interest in racing, related to the black decade. As a result, the breeders had to face two opposite constraints: enhancing reproduction to counter the population decline and preventing the loss of genetic diversity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic consequences of the decisions taken over a period of 30 years, starting from 1988 to 2018. The study was based on the analyses of the stud-book and on 11 microsatellite markers in a group of 943 horses, distributed into 13 age classes. Between 2004 and 2008, the breeders purchased foreign sires and dams, allowing a relative stability in unbiased heterozygosity of about 71%, due to the high genetic distances between foreign and local horses. As these importations stopped from 2009 on, there was a decrease in allele numbers of about 20%. Moreover, from 2010 on, we observe an excess of inbreeding and an increase in genetic drift relative to the starting population, due to population size decline. From the analysis of genetic distances between local individuals, it seems that the only constraint for sires and dams allowed to mate was a null coefficient of inbreeding.

Published
2024
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7. EXISTE-T-IL UN ERGATIF INDO-EUROPÉEN ?

Author

Petit, Daniel

Abstract

Copyright of Lalies is the property of Editions Rue d'Ulm and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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8. François, Jacques. 2018. De la généalogie des langues à la génétique du langage. Une documentation interdisciplinaire raisonnée

Author

Petit, Daniel

Abstract

La publication de cet ouvrage au sein d’une collection de la Société de linguistique de Paris (SLP) représente en soi une petite révolution dont le lecteur doit bien prendre conscience : alors même que, depuis ses statuts fondateurs de 1866, la SLP « n’admet aucune publication concernant, soit l’origine du langage, soit la création d’une langue universelle » (article 2), l’ouvrage de Jacques François est la première publication de la SLP qui représente une entorse manifeste à cette règle jusq...

Published
2023

11. Les langues germaniques anciennes et leur philologie

Author

Petit, Daniel

Subjects
Materials Chemistry
Abstract

Cet article présente une introduction aux langues germaniques anciennes et à leur philologie. L’analyse des textes écrits dans les langues germaniques anciennes soulèvent des défis considérables, à la fois historiques, philologiques et linguistiques. L’objet de cette introduction est de fixer le cadre général dans lequel s’inscrit cette analyse et de présenter les différents articles du volume. Dieser Artikel bietet eine Einführung in die altgermanischen Sprachen und ihre Philologie. Die Analyse der Texte, die in altgermanischen Sprachen verfasst wurden, wirft erhebliche sowohl historische als auch philologische und sprachliche Herausforderungen auf. Ziel dieser Einführung ist es, den allgemeinen Rahmen zu setzen, in dem diese Analyse stattfindet, und die verschiedenen Artikel des Bandes vorzustellen. This article presents an introduction to Ancient Germanic languages and their philology. The analysis of the texts written in Ancient Germanic languages raises considerable challenges, both historical, philological and linguistic. The aim of this introduction is to set the general framework within which this analysis takes place and to present the different articles of the volume.

Published
2021
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14. When Grinnellian generalist species seem to be more sensitive to altered habitats than specialists: the case of Orthoptera communities settled in coastal dunes

Author

Bouziane, Ahlem, Serranito, Bruno, Moulaï, Riadh, Hamadi, Kamel, and Petit, Daniel

Abstract

SummaryNumerous examples documented that species generalists for habitats are less sensitive to altered environment than specialists. However, in arid environments, an example indicated an opposite trend due to special adaptive features of organisms. We tested this hypothesis in the case of grasshopper communities, settled in the coastal dunes of northeast Algeria, as several aspects of dunes constitute stressful conditions resembling those of deserts. To define the dune-specific grasshoppers (specialists) and the dune non-specific ones (generalists), we applied the indicator value index to monthly samplings conducted in four coastal dune sites and 12 other sites of grasslands, fallow lands and scrublands in the same area. The degree of disturbance of each coastal dune site was deduced from the alteration of plant cover and richness. We investigated the relation between the specialist and generalist richness and abundance with the degree of perturbation using linear regressions. Results showed contrasting patterns for specialist and generalist grasshoppers: both abundance and richness of the generalists significantly decrease with an increasing degree of perturbation, while specialists show little to no changes. The higher resistance of specialist grasshoppers over generalists toward disturbance was not linked to the plant dune-specialists or generalists. This study is one of very few illustrating the relative resistance of specialized species toward disturbance.

Published
2023
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17. The Prehistory of Old Lithuanian 'uß oßcʒių'

Author

Petit, Daniel

Subjects
Lietuva (Lithuania), Žodžių kilmė. Etimologija / Word origin. Etymology, Baltų kalbos / Baltic languages, Kalbos dalys. Morfologija / Morphology
Abstract

The aim of the present paper, offered to Prof. Nikolai Kazansky as a token of respect and homage for his contribution to Indo-European linguistics, is to explore the etymology of an Old Lithuanian prepositional locution uß oßcʒių ‘on the back side’ used twice by Jonas Bretkūnas in two different passages of his translation of the Bible (1590). It can be argued that the genitive plural oßcʒių reflects a feminine noun *oščios ‘back side’ limited to the plural (plurale tantum) and is based on a Baltic feminine noun *āź-tjā-. Historically, *āź-tjā- seems to reflect the combination of a lengthened allomorph of the preposition až(u)- ‘behind’ and a suffix *-tio- which enjoyed a certain productivity in the prehistory of the Baltic languages. The long vowel of the preposition *āź- is striking, however, and remains completely unparalleled in Lithuanian, where až(u)- is only attested with a short vowel, or with lengthening of the second vowel ažúo-, but not with a first long vowel *āž-, which in turn appears in some Latvian dialects (āz). Taken at face value, the alternation between *ăź- and *āź- preserved in the prepositional locution uß oßcʒių recalls that between *pă- (Lithuanian pa-) and *pā- (Lithuanian pó-), but the difficulty is how to clarify the function of its initial lengthening in contrast with the more common alternation *aź(u)-/ ​aźúo-. On the other hand, the Baltic suffix -tjā (

Published
2022

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