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2. The Submarine Boundaries of Mount Etna’s Unstable Southeastern Flank

Author

Urlaub, Morelia, Geersen, Jacob, Petersen, Florian, Gross, Felix, Bonforte, Alessandro, Krastel, Sebastian, Kopp, Heidrun, Urlaub, Morelia, Geersen, Jacob, Petersen, Florian, Gross, Felix, Bonforte, Alessandro, Krastel, Sebastian, and Kopp, Heidrun

Abstract

Coastal and ocean island volcanoes are renowned for having unstable flanks. This can lead to flank deformation on a variety of temporal and spatial scales ranging from slow creep to catastrophic sector collapse. A large section of these unstable flanks is often below sea level, where information on the volcano-tectonic structure and ground deformation is limited. Consequently, kinematic models that attempt to explain measured ground deformation onshore associated with flank instability are poorly constrained in the offshore area. Here, we attempt to determine the locations and the morpho-tectonic structures of the boundaries of the submerged unstable southeastern flank of Mount Etna (Italy). The integration of new marine data (bathymetry, microbathymetry, offshore seismicity, reflection seismic lines) and published marine data (bathymetry, seafloor geodesy, reflection seismic lines) allows identifying the lineament north of Catania Canyon as the southern lateral boundary with a high level of confidence. The northern and the distal (seaward) boundaries are less clear because no microbathymetric or seafloor geodetic data are available. Hypotheses for their locations are presented. Geophysical imaging suggests that the offshore Timpe Fault System is a shallow second-order structure that likely results from extensional deformation within the moving flank. Evidence for active uplift and compression upslope of the amphitheater-shaped depression from seismic data along with subsidence of the onshore Giarre Wedge block observed in ground deformation data leads us to propose that this block is a rotational slump, which moves on top of the large-scale instability. The new shoreline-crossing structural assessment may now inform and improve kinematic models.

Published
2022
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5. Monitoring a submarine strike-slip fault, using a fiber optic strain cable

Author

Gutscher, Marc-Andre, primary, Royer, Jean-Yves, additional, Graindorge, David, additional, Murphy, Shane, additional, Klingelhoefer, Frauke, additional, Gaillot, Arnaud, additional, Aiken, Chastity, additional, Cattaneo, Antonio, additional, Barreca, Giovanni, additional, Quetel, Lionel, additional, Riccobene, Giorgio, additional, Aurnia, Salvatore, additional, Margheriti, Lucia, additional, Moretti, Milena, additional, Krastel, Sebastian, additional, Petersen, Florian, additional, Urlaub, Morelia, additional, Kopp, Heidrun, additional, Currenti, Gilda, additional, and Jousset, Philippe, additional

Published
2022
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6. Repeated mapping and geological sampling of Mt Etna’s submerged continental margin: First results from RV Meteor expedition M178

Author

Gross, Felix, primary, Kolling, Henriette, additional, Barrett, Rachel, additional, Hadré, Emma, additional, Heinrich, Mirja, additional, Bonforte, Alessandro, additional, Gambino, Salvatore, additional, Petersen, Florian, additional, Morgenweck, Lea, additional, Matzerath, Peter, additional, Wolf, Josephin, additional, Heinrich, Sven, additional, Vollert, Jannes, additional, Hundsdörfer, Marie, additional, Filbrandt, Christian, additional, and Urlaub, Morelia, additional

Published
2022
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9. Basin inversion: reactivated rift structures in the central Ligurian Sea revealed using ocean bottom seismometers

Author

Thorwart, Martin, Dannowski, Anke, Grevemeyer, Ingo, Lange, Dietrich, Kopp, Heidrun, Petersen, Florian, Crawford, Wayne, Paul, Anne, The Alparray Working Group, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), LOBSTER project that is part of the German Priority Programme SPP2017 4D-MB, ANR-15-CE31-0015,AlpArray-FR,Voir et comprendre les Alpes en 3D, de la croûte au manteau(2015), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Stratigraphy, Inversion (geology), Soil Science, Induced seismicity, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Geochemistry and Petrology, Thrust fault, 14. Life underwater, Compression (geology), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, QE1-996.5, Rift, Continental crust, Paleontology, Crust, Geology, QE640-699, Geophysics, Seismology
Abstract

The northern margin of the Ligurian Basin shows notable seismicity at the Alpine front, including frequent magnitude 4 events. Seismicity decreases offshore towards the Basin centre and Corsica, revealing a diffuse distribution of low-magnitude earthquakes. We analyse data of the amphibious AlpArray seismic network with focus on the offshore component, the AlpArray ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) network, consisting of 24 broadband OBSs deployed for 8 months, to reveal the seismicity and depth distribution of micro-earthquakes beneath the Ligurian Sea. Two clusters occurred between ∼ 10 km to ∼ 16 km depth below the sea surface, within the lower crust and uppermost mantle. Thrust faulting focal mechanisms indicate compression and an inversion of the Ligurian Basin, which is an abandoned Oligocene–Miocene rift basin. The basin inversion is suggested to be related to the Africa–Europe plate convergence. The locations and focal mechanisms of seismicity suggest reactivation of pre-existing rift-related structures. Slightly different striking directions of presumed rift-related faults in the basin centre compared to faults further east and hence away from the rift basin may reflect the counter-clockwise rotation of the Corsica–Sardinia block. High mantle S-wave velocities and a low Vp/Vs ratio support the hypothesis of strengthening of crust and uppermost mantle during the Oligocene–Miocene rifting-related extension and thinning of continental crust.

Published
2021

10. Basin inversion: Reactivated rift structures in the Ligurian Sea revealed by OBS

Author

Thorwart, Martin, Dannowski, Anke, Grevemeyer, Ingo, Lange, Dietrich, Kopp, Heidrun, Petersen, Florian, Crawford, Wayne, and Paul, Anne

Abstract

The northern margin of the Ligurian Basin shows notable seismicity at the Alpine front, including frequent magnitude 4 events. Seismicity decreases offshore towards the Basin centre and Corsica, revealing a diffuse distribution of low magnitude earthquakes. We analyse data of the amphibious AlpArray seismic network with focus on the offshore component, the AlpArray OBS network, consisting of 24 broadband ocean bottom seismometers deployed for eight months, to reveal the seismicity and depth distribution of micro-earthquakes beneath the Ligurian Sea. Two clusters occurred between ~10 km to ~16 km depth below sea surface, within the lower crust and uppermost mantle. Thrust faulting focal mechanisms indicate compression and an inversion of the Ligurian Basin, which is an abandoned Oligocene rift basin. The Basin inversion is suggested to be related to the Africa-Europe plate convergence. The locations and focal mechanisms of seismicity suggest reactivation of pre-existing rift structures. Slightly different striking directions of faults in the basin centre compared to faults further east and hence away from the abandoned rift may mimic the counter-clockwise rotation of the Corsica-Sardinia block during ~20–16 Ma. The observed cluster events support the hypothesis of strengthening of crust and uppermost mantle during rifting related extension and thinning of continental crust.

Published
2021

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