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Little is known about physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among nursing home residents although PA is known as a health promoter. This study examined PA, SB, and their predictors among nursing home residents (n = 63). Dependent variables were accelerometry-based PA and SB. Predictor variables included in a path analysis were age, sex, body mass index, Barthel Index, cognitive status (Mini-Mental State Examination), physical performance (hand grip strength and habitual walking speed), and well-being (World Health Organization-5 well-being index). PA was very low (M steps per day = 2,433) and SB was high (M percentage of sedentary time = 89.4%). PA was significantly predicted by age (β = −0.27, p =.008), body mass index (β = −0.29, p =.002), Barthel Index (β = 0.24, p =.040), and hand grip strength (β = 0.30, p =.048). SB was significantly predicted by body mass index (β = 0.27, p =.008) and Barthel Index (β = −0.30, p =.012). Results might be helpful for everyday practice to identify individuals at high risk for low PA and high SB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Previous literature has demonstrated the mediating role of adiposity in the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic risk as well as the potential role of CRF in attenuating the adverse consequences associated with excess weight. This study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of CRF and adiposity in the possible association with cardiometabolic risk. Method: Observational 3-year longitudinal study that included 420 children and adolescents (10.50 [2.05] y of age at baseline; 56.2% girls). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and CRF was evaluated using field assessments. A clustered cardiometabolic risk score (cMetS) was calculated from glucose, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and triglycerides z scores. Analyses evaluated the mediating role of BMI in the association between CRF and cMetS as well as whether CRF mediated the association between BMI and cMetS. Results: BMI at baseline was directly associated with the cMetS at follow-up (0.102; 95% confidence interval, 0.020 to 0.181), independently of CRF, whereas CRF was only indirectly associated with cMetS at follow-up through BMI (−0.036; 95% confidence interval, −0.070 to −0.009), meaning that the association between CRF and cMetS was explained via the mediation role of BMI. Conclusions: BMI presented direct association with cMetS, whereas CRF exhibited indirect association with cMetS mediated via BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to estimate the extent to which motivational regulations influence physical activity behavior through role identity among people 55 years or older. Participants (N = 409; Mage = 66.29 years [SD = 7.06]) completed online questionnaires to measure motivational regulations, role identity, and the frequency of physical activity in a typical week and in the past month. Mediation analysis using ordinary least squares path analysis revealed that autonomous forms of motivational regulation (positively) and controlled forms of motivational regulation (negatively) influenced role identity, which then positively influenced physical activity behavior. Bootstrap confidence intervals (95%) for the indirect effects (a × b) based on 5,000 bootstrap samples were entirely above or below zero. These findings point to future experimental evaluations of interventions aiming at both increasing and decreasing autonomous and controlled motivational regulations, respectively, to promote physical activity behavior through role identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Contributing to the literature on positive effects of overqualification, this research examines when and why perceived overqualification predicts affiliative and proactive performance at work. Integrating optimal distinctiveness theory with self‐construal theory, we propose that depending on the nature of an employee's self‐construal (i.e., independent, or interdependent), perceived overqualification will be associated with two opposing motivational processes—namely, differentiation and assimilation. We expect perceived overqualification to have a positive relationship with a motive for assimilation when an employee has a strong interdependent self‐construal. Conversely, we expect perceived overqualification to have a positive relationship with a motive for differentiation when an employee has a strong independent self‐construal. We further argue that assimilation‐seeking and differentiation‐seeking motives will be positively related to affiliative and proactive performance, respectively. We conducted two multi‐waved and multisourced studies to test our hypotheses. In a pilot study (N = 249), we first tested our moderation hypothesis. In our main study (N = 496), we tested our overall moderated mediation model. Results from both studies reveal that perceived overqualification can trigger a need for differentiation or assimilation in employees depending on the nature of their self‐construal. The differentiation‐seeking motive was positively related to proactive performance, while the assimilation‐seeking motive was positively related to affiliative performance. Our findings advance overqualification and motivation literatures and provide insights into talent acquisition and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the direct and indirect associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with survival time in older adults. Prospective population-based cohort study used exploratory survey-type methods and physical performance tests in 319 adults aged ≥60 years. Trajectory diagrams were used to represent the initial hypothetical and final models with the relationships of independent, mediating, and dependent variables. Physical activity was indirectly associated with survival time and was mediated by instrumental activities of daily living and functional performance. In contrast, instrumental activities of daily living, functional performance, the number of hospitalizations, and medications mediated the association between duration of sedentary behavior and survival time. The explanatory power of the final model was 19%. Future efforts should focus on increasing the participation and adherence of older adults to exercise programs to improve their physical functions and general health, which may increase their health period and, consequently, their survival time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cognitive load theory focuses on providing appropriate cognitive engagement to facilitate knowledge learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of cognitive load on high school students' in-class physical activity. Method: A stratified random sample of high school students (N = 150) who participated in a large curriculum intervention study provided the data. A path analysis and Hayes' PROCESS analysis were used to test a correlation model and moderation effect from gender and race. Results: The results showed that the reasoning learning tasks directly contributed to their in-class physical activity (path coefficient =.54, p <.01) and the gender and race factors were not significant moderators (p >.05). Conclusion: The findings imply that high cognitive load tasks can facilitate in-class physical activity. The findings suggest the power of the concept-based physical education curriculum in providing productive learning opportunities to all students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate environmental responsibilities have expanded to include their supply chains. Green supply chain management (GSCM) practices can be extensive – including both intra- and inter-organisational environmental management practices. Selecting and sequencing GSCM practices is an important issue given resource and strategic organisational considerations. Using the cumulative capabilities theory, this study empirically explores GSCM implementation sequences, following which firms can build cumulative capabilities. Correlation, sequential test, and path analysis are used to identify GSCM practice implementation sequence from secondary data. The results show that firms should first encourage suppliers to disclose their environmental data and respond to inquiries on environmental violations by their suppliers (the order of the two is exchangeable), then encourage suppliers to comply with environmental regulations, extend practices to lower-tier suppliers, and engage in responsible recycling. This study is one of the first to apply cumulative capability theory to analyse environmental practices and provides a framework for future research on GSCM sequences. The paper also offers practical implications for firms to adjust their strategies in order to adopt GSCM more effectively and successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of hydrogen addition on the ignition characteristics and engine performance of ammonia-hydrogen fuel, a reaction kinetics mechanism suitable for high-pressure engine conditions was proposed. The study explores the influence of hydrogen blending ratios on the ignition delay time (IDT) of ammonia-hydrogen fuel, revealing the sensitive reactions and evolution characteristics of reaction pathways during the ignition process of ammonia-hydrogen fuel promoted by hydrogen. The study also investigates the impact of hydrogen blending ratios on the engine performance of ammonia-hydrogen fuel. The results show that the IDT of ammonia significantly decreases with increasing hydrogen blending ratios and temperature. The addition of hydrogen to ammonia significantly lowers the autoignition temperature boundary of the mixture. Under low-temperature and low-pressure conditions, ammonia, which would not ignite originally, ignites due to the addition of hydrogen. The addition of hydrogen shifts the sensitive reactions of the mixture from NH 3 and NH 2 -related reactions to H 2 /O 2 -related reactions, without altering the reaction pathway of ammonia, only changing the pathway flux of components such as NH 2 , H 2 NN, H 2 NO, and HONO. In a spark-ignition (SI) engine, maintaining the total fuel heat value and ignition timing constant, an increase in hydrogen blending ratio significantly raises the peak cylinder pressure. However, due to the forward movement of the heat release process, the power performance of engine experiences varying degrees of reduction. Therefore, it is necessary to delay the ignition timing of engine with the increase in hydrogen blending ratio, moving the combustion center beyond the top dead center (TDC). Furthermore, increasing the hydrogen concentration in the blend significantly raises the temperature and pressure during the engine combustion process, leading to an increase in the concentration of thermal NO X in the emissions. • A reaction kinetic mechanism for ammonia-hydrogen fuel was constructed, which included 38 species and 343 reactions. • The variation trend of the autoignition boundary of ammonia-hydrogen fuel is revealed quantitatively. • The effects of hydrogen on ignition sensitivity and fuel reaction pathway of ammonia-hydrogen fuel were explored. • The effect of hydrogen blending ratio on the performance of SI engine is analyzed at fixed fuel energy and ignition time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although recent studies examined the factors influencing older workers' early retirement decisions, little is known about how age-related shifts in social roles from the work to family domains affect older workers' early retirement intentions. Guided by role theory, we propose that flexible human resource (HR) practices are negatively related to older workers' early retirement intentions via decreased role conflict (work–family and family-work conflict). Furthermore, we take a role identity perspective and argue that gender may work as a fundamental contingency factor influencing the relationship between role conflict (work–family and family-work conflict) and early retirement intentions. Data were collected from Chinese organizations with a matching sample of 228 older workers (aged 45 years and older) and HR managers from 48 organizations, and a multilevel path analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. The results showed that flexible HR practices have a negative indirect relationship with early retirement intentions through decreased family-to-work conflict. The influence of family-to-work conflict on early retirement intentions is stronger for women than for men. We also found that the effect of work-to-family conflict on early retirement intentions is stronger than that of family-to-work conflict. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central pain sensitivity (CS) is defined as an increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the central nervous system to normal or subthreshold inputs. The main aim of this paper is to investigate if and how specific psychological constructs are related with CS burden in patients with chronic headache (CH). Specifically, research question 1 explores the association of temperament, personality, childhood adversities, defense mechanisms and mental pain with CS burden. Research question 2 aims to test the role of the best predictors of CS burden in affecting the quality of life (QoL) using path analysis. A total of 508 women with CH completed a psycho-diagnostic survey. Results showed that higher levels of low sensory threshold (β = 0.200), bodily threat traumatic experiences (β = 0.156), neurotic defenses (β = 0.109) and mental pain (β = 0.343) emerged as the best predictors of higher CS burden. The model presented demonstrated a satisfactory fit (GFI = 0.984; NFI = 0.966; CFI = 0.979; RMSEA = 0.056 [95% CI 0.028–0.085]) with large and medium effect sizes on physical (−0.654) and psychological QoL (−0.246). The study showed a key role of psychological dimensions in CS burden levels and their relationships with QoL in CH patients. From a clinical perspective, these results suggest the importance of evaluating the level of CS burden during the clinical assessment for chronic pain conditions such as CH, since it may contribute to guide patients to tailored psychological and medical treatments, thereby saving time and costs on diagnostic procedures for chronic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This study examined which parenting behaviors predict the development of infants’ empathic concern for others in distress. We distinguished between three forms of sensitive/responsive parenting: mothers' responsiveness to infant distress, their responsiveness to the infant's nondistress cues, and maternal expression of positive affect and affection in nondistress. Although in prior work these parenting behaviors were frequently combined, or subsumed under a single global construct, such as “sensitive responsiveness”, the three forms of parenting are theoretically distinct. We hypothesized that once all three were examined simultaneously, only responsiveness to distress would emerge as a unique predictor of empathy. A sample of 165 Israeli infants (50% girls) was assessed from 3 to 18 months. Parenting measures were coded from mother–infant interactions at 3 and 6 months, and infants’ empathic concern was assessed using three distressed stimuli at ages 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Path analysis models revealed that, consistent with the hypothesis, only responsiveness to distress uniquely predicted infants' subsequent empathic concern, over and above the other forms of parenting and preexisting empathy levels; conversely, being responsive or affectionate when infants were not distressed did not predict their empathic abilities. The findings underscore the importance of differentiating between theoretically distinct forms of parenting, even when they are correlated. The discussion addresses the role of responsiveness to infants’ distress in the early development of empathic capacity, and highlights avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ratoon rice is considered an eco-friendly and resource-efficient method for rice cultivation, providing innovative strategies to mitigate the global food crisis. To clarify the critical yield components for achieving high annual grain yield in ratoon rice, data from 136 widely cultivated rice cultivars were collected through a six-year field experiment. The study analyzed the correlations between yield components and yields for both the main season and the ratoon season, indicating that main yields vary between 5.9 and 10.9 Mg ha−1, exhibiting a highly significant positive correlation with spikelets per panicle; ratoon yields range from 1.8 to 7.1 Mg ha−1, showing a highly significant positive correlation with panicles per m2, grain filling rate, and 1000-grain weight. Path analysis reveals that, in terms of contributing to ratoon yield, the grain filling rate is the most influential component, followed by panicles per m2, and 1000-grain weight. Therefore, by selecting large-panicle cultivars in the main season and enhancing panicles per m2, grain filling rate, and grain weight in the ratoon season, high annual yield in ratoon rice can be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Orthorexia is a complex phenomenon comprising distinct dimensions, including orthorexia nervosa (ON) and healthy orthorexia (HO). However, little is known about the factors influencing these dimensions, their disparities, and the psychological factors underlying orthorexia behaviours. Objectives: This study aims to explore ON versus HO dimensions and the predictive role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a nationally representative sample of Polish individuals. In addition, we aim to investigate the mediating roles of alexithymia, embodiment, and experiential avoidance levels in this association. Methods: A representative sample of Polish adults (n = 3557) participated in this study. Dimensions of orthorexia (HO, ON) were assessed using the Teruel Orthorexia Scale, while ACEs were evaluated using the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire. Levels of alexithymia were measured using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, experiential avoidance through the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, and embodiment intensity via the Experience of Embodiment Scale. Results: Cluster analysis identified two distinctive orthorexia profiles in the whole sample, i.e., HO (n = 469) and ON (n = 1217), alongside three intermediate HO/ON profiles (n = 1871). The number of ACEs predicted ON tendencies as opposed to HO behaviours in participants. The mediating role of alexithymia, experiential avoidance, and embodiment in the association between ACEs and ON was also observed. Conclusions: Our study suggests that orthorexia is a multidimensional eating style shaped by socio-cultural factors. Adverse childhood experiences may be related to ON behaviours by mediating psychological factors such as experiential avoidance, alexithymia, and embodiment. Effective education and collaborative support are necessary for addressing ON tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Improving job performance has a significant effect on the quality of medical services and ensuring people's health. Purpose: This study explores the influence and mechanism of the character strengths and career callings of medical staff as well as the intermediary role of such career calling. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 414 healthcare staff members in public hospitals in Hangzhou. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical linear regressions were used to analyze the medical staff's job performance and related factors, and structural equation modeling path analysis was used to explore and validate the influence and mechanism of character advantage and career calling on job performance. Results: The results show that medical staff character strengths have a positive impact on job performance. Path analysis shows that character strengths indirectly affect job performance, and career calling plays a partial mediating role in character strengths and job performance. Conclusion: The results show that good personalities promote job performance, and the association is more significant under a high sense of career calling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ebolaviruses have the ability to infect a wide variety of species, with many African mammals potentially serving either as primary reservoirs or secondary amplifying hosts. Previous work has shown that frugivorous bats and primates are often associated with spillover and outbreaks. Yet the role that patterns of biodiversity, either of mammalian hosts or of common fruiting species such as Ficus (figs, fruit resources used by a wide variety of species), play in driving outbreak risk remains unclear. We investigated what factors most directly influence Ebolavirus outbreak risk in Sub‐Saharan Africa by using a phylogenetically informed path analysis to compare a wide array of potential models (path diagrams) of spatial dynamics. We considered mammalian frugivore richness, cercopithecid and hominid primate richness, richness of pteropodid (fruit) bats, the spatial distribution of species that have tested positive for Ebolavirus antibodies in the wild, Ficus habitat suitability, and environmental conditions (mean annual and variability in temperature and rainfall). The proximate factors that most influenced whether a given host species range contained a site of a previous outbreak event were 1) habitat suitability for Ficus and 2) the diversity of cercopithecid primates. Frugivore richness overall (including bats, primates, and a few other mammals) and the richness of bats in the family Pteropodidae had a strong effect on which species tested positive for Ebolavirus antibodies, but did not influence outbreak risk directly in pathways explored. We interpret this as evidence that foraging around Ficus and frugivorous mammals (such as cercopithecid primates which are commonly hunted for food) play a prominent role in driving outbreaks into human communities, relative to other factors we considered which influence outbreak risk more indirectly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the individual roles of general cognitive ability and motivation in predicting academic achievement are well established, how they interact with one another and the extent of their combined effect on students' learning outcomes leave much to be explained. The present study investigates the relationships among general cognitive ability, selected motivational constructs (i.e., academic self‐efficacy, academic self‐concept, self‐esteem and student engagement) and academic achievement within a structural model. A total of 346 (M = 52%, F = 48%; Mage = 12.98 ± 0.98) middle school students completed Primary Abilities Test 6–8, Myself as A Learner Scale, Academic Self‐Efficacy Scale, School Short‐Form of the Coopersmith Self‐Esteem Inventory and Student Engagement Scale. Path analysis revealed that general cognitive ability had a direct effect on academic achievement and significant indirect effects on academic achievement through academic self‐efficacy, as well as on student engagement through both academic self‐efficacy and academic self‐concept. Moreover, academic self‐efficacy had significant direct effects on both academic achievement and student engagement. Additionally, self‐esteem and academic self‐concept had significant direct effects on student engagement, as well as indirect effects on both academic achievement and student engagement through academic self‐efficacy. The present study contributes to the understanding of dynamics between cognitive and motivational variables in shaping academic achievement and provides valuable insights for educators and policymakers to develop effective pedagogical designs and strategies for improving student learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3 years of age is challenging. Among early risk factors, research has focused on having a positive familial history (FH+) for language or literacy problems and on late language emergence, that is, late-talker (LT) status. The interaction between these two risk factors and their cumulative effect is still debated. Here, we (a) investigate the effect of FH+ on 24-month language development, (b) test for cumulative effects of FH+ status and early language delay on 36-month language outcomes, and (c) disentangle the direct and indirect effects of familial history (FH) on the language outcome. Method: One hundred eighty-five Italian children were followed up longitudinally between 24 and 36 months of age (64 FH+ and 121 FH-) through parental questionnaires and direct child assessment. Results: At the age of 24 months, the FH+ group showed worse expressive vocabulary and higher prevalence of LT. At the age of 36 months, main effects of LT and FH were identified on lexical and phonological performances, respectively. Interestingly, significant interaction effects were identified on expressive vocabulary and phonological processing. Path analysis highlights that FH had a direct effect on later measures of phonology, whereas its effect on 36-month lexical abilities was indirect, via measures of expressive vocabulary at 24 months. Conclusions: The study suggests specific predictive roles of FH and LT status on language development. Interestingly, FH+ seems to represent an additive risk for LT children. The use of cumulative risk measures is confirmed as a powerful approach to identify those children with the highest probability of developing persistent language difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many relationships within which interpersonal transgressions transpire often involve histories of reciprocal wrongdoing, where each party has occupied both the role of victim and offender. We investigate whether past incidents of being wronged by the victim of a present transgression may dampen offenders' conciliatory sentiments for their present wrongdoing. Across four studies (combined N = 1037), we find evidence that past victimization experiences within the context of an interpersonal relationship can blur offenders' construal of their role as offender and elicit feelings of victimhood, allowing them to exonerate themselves and feel less guilt for their present wrongdoing, display less empathy for the present victim, and reduce their willingness to reconcile with the present victim. These findings highlight the importance of taking into account historical transgressions within a relationship as a determinant of relationship repair in the aftermath of present wrongdoings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Assistive Technology (AT) Open Platform supports people with disabilities, older people, and developers in co-creating new assistive products outside the business realm. To address dissatisfaction with and non-adoption of commercial assistive products, the National Rehabilitation Centre in South Korea created an AT Open Platform as an open-source AT sharing platform to research and develop appropriate assistive technology suitable for users' needs. The emerging concept of AT Open Platform is new for both assistive product users and developers in South Korea. The Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) was utilised to understand the factors influencing the adoption of the AT Open Platform and to gain further insights on its design and future use. Materials and methods: Interviews were conducted with six potential AT Open Platform users to develop a questionnaire for predicting behavioural intention. Subsequently, we surveyed 175 potential users to validate the UTAUT2. Results: The results revealed that behavioural intention was significantly predicted by social influence, performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, and hedonic motivation. Conclusions: The AT Open Platform should focus on both online and offline platforms to educate and facilitate the co-creation of ATs for assistive product users and makers. This study, which targeted assistive product users and developers, has significant implications for policymakers and future research in using and adopting the AT Open Platform as it reflects the actual voices of the platform's stakeholders. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: To address the issues of dissatisfaction and non-adoption of commercial assistive products, assistive technology platforms are established for the research and development of appropriate assistive technologies suitable for meeting user needs; the results are shared as open-source assistive technology. A survey was conducted with a targeted sample of assistive technology product users and developers. The study results are significant as they represent the perspectives of key stakeholders in the assistive technology platform. The study findings are expected to play an important role in the application and diffusion of the assistive technology platform in South Korea. The survey is the first to illuminate the adoption of an assistive technology platform in South Korea and is an important step towards empowering people with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Although relationships among positive psychological capital (PsyCap), compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout have been reported, causal relationships among these variables have not been identified. This study examined the influence of positive PsyCap on burnout and confirmed the mediating effects of compassion fatigue and satisfaction among public hospital nurses. Methods: This study adopted a correlational cross‐sectional design. We recruited 237 nurses working at a public hospital, using convenience sampling. Results: The fit of the hypothetical model was adequate. Positive PsyCap directly affected compassion fatigue and satisfaction, and burnout. It had an indirect effect on burnout. Compassion fatigue and satisfaction directly affect burnout. This finding indicates that compassion fatigue and satisfaction partially mediate between positive PsyCap and burnout. In addition, the mediating effect of compassion fatigue was greater than that of compassion satisfaction on the relationship between positive PsyCap and burnout. Finally, positive PsyCap, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction explained 70.4% of the total variance in burnout scores. The effect size (f2) was 2.38 (large effect size). Conclusions: Burnout should be assessed with positive PsyCap, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction among public hospital nurses. Given that the mediating effect of compassion fatigue was greater than that of compassion satisfaction, interventions for compassion fatigue may be a strategy to reduce burnout, especially among public hospital nurses with low levels of positive PsyCap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aimed to examine the mediating effects of the Sense of Coherence (SOC) on the relationship between stress and sleep in nurses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey targeting nurses in Chiba and Tokyo during the summer of 2021 was conducted using Google Forms. Responses were obtained using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the 13‐item version of the SOC scale (SOC‐13), and questions regarding COVID‐19‐related stress. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to investigate relevant relationships. Results: A total of 181 valid responses were obtained from 400 surveyed nurses. SEM analysis showed that COVID‐19 stress was indirectly related to PSQI via its effect on SOC‐13, with higher SOC‐13 negatively correlated with PSQI. Conclusions: Our findings suggest the need for interventions designed to promote SOC for nurses working under stressful conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We investigated the levels of anxiety and the factors influencing it among Japanese nursing researchers before and after engaging in dispatch support activities during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study also tested the relationships between pre‐ and post‐relief anxiety and their enhancing and buffering factors. Methods: A web‐based survey was conducted with 9832 members from the Japan Academy of Nursing Science, covering 15 items related to participant attributes such as age and disaster relief qualifications, factors affecting anxiety about support activities such as the content and duration of one activity, and the level of anxiety before and after activities. After performing multiple regression analyses on the effects of the attributes and the factors influencing anxiety before and after support activities, path analysis was conducted on the adopted independent variables to examine their influence on anxiety before and after support activities. Results: Of the 886 participants, 82.3% were affiliated with educational institutions and 94.8% had no qualifications in disaster relief. Most of the support involved vaccination and activities at health centers. The relationship between pre‐ and post‐relief activities and factors influencing anxiety constituted a high goodness‐of‐fit, with health center assistance being both a direct and indirect reinforcer of post‐relief anxiety. Conclusions: Participants expressed anxiety enhanced by activities at the health center both before and after support activities in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Intervention research should examine anxiety‐buffering and ‐enhancing factors, and a support system to respond to rapidly increasing medical needs is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research highlights the positive impact of social connectedness on subjective well-being. In this paper, we test a model in which an identity-based mechanism links a structural form of connectedness (significant social ties) with two psychological well-being outcomes, life satisfaction and self-esteem. Using data from the LIVES Longitudinal Lausanne Youth Study (LIVES-LOLYS, N = 422), a longitudinal mediation path model tests direct and indirect effects, via the strength of social identification, of the number of significant social ties in two life domains (friends and family) on life satisfaction and self-esteem. Results showed positive associations between the number of significant ties and social identification in the concordant domain, empirically linking the structural and subjective forms of social connectedness. Moreover, our model displays significant indirect effects in the friend domain, but not in the family domain. Having more friends as significant social ties predicted higher social identification with friends, and this was longitudinally associated with higher life satisfaction and self-esteem. Findings show a new mechanism linking structural and subjective forms of social connectedness, unpacking their concerted impact in protecting well-being. The differences between the friend and family domains are discussed in the framework of both life-course and social identity perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat is a vital crop, providing calories, nutrients and versatility in the food industry. However, the combination of heat and drought stress, exacerbated by climate change, poses a significant threat to wheat production, leading to potential yield losses. To ensure the sustainability of wheat production it is crucial to prioritize research on developing stress-tolerant wheat genotypes. The current study focused on identifying the traits that are important for developing stress-tolerant wheat varieties under timely sown irrigated, drought stress, heat stress, and combined stress conditions. It addresses the knowledge gap regarding the combined effects of heat and drought stress on wheat physiology and yield, aiming to shed light on the intricate interactions between these stresses. The experiment was conducted at CCS HAU, Hisar, during the Rabi seasons of 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. By evaluating variability parameters, conducting correlation analysis, and path coefficient analysis among 80 diverse wheat genotypes, this research identifies genetic factors contributing to stress tolerance and helps select plants with desirable characteristics. The results showed that traits i.e., malendialdehyde, wax covering on blade, wax covering on sheath and wax covering on spike had high potential for improvement through selection among genotypes for grain yield and its component traits. The study also highlighted the importance of selecting wheat varieties with early maturity to mitigate the risk of yield loss under combined stress conditions. Moreover, the interaction between drought and heat stress can increase oxidative stress, leading to elevated malondialdehyde levels. Selecting varieties with lower malondialdehyde and optimal canopy temperature is important. Understanding the complex response of wheat to heat, drought, and their combined stress is essential for improving crop quality and production potential. Overall, this research contributes to the field of plant breeding by facilitating the development of wheat varieties with high and stable yields in challenging environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Phubbing' refers to the phenomenon where people ignore social partners in a face-to-face situation by focusing on their phones. Narcissism, a personality trait characterised by entitled self-importance, has strong influences on interpersonal relationships. As the mechanism through which narcissism may affect the development of phubbing is unclear and most relevant studies have been conducted in Western countries, we proposed and empirically tested a theoretical model that links narcissism to phubbing in China. Chinese participants (N = 322; 181 women and 141 men) completed a survey in the Chinese language. Path analyses largely confirmed the proposed hypothetical model. The main findings showed that vulnerable narcissism directly predicted more phubbing behaviour and also indirectly via increased social anxiety, preference for online social interaction (POSI), social media use (SMU) for mood regulation, and compulsive SMU. Also, grandiose narcissism indirectly predicted less phubbing behaviour via reduced social anxiety, POSI, SMU for mood regulation, and compulsive SMU. The findings, therefore, elucidate the mechanisms by which the two subtypes of narcissism differentially predispose people to phubbing in China, with vulnerable narcissism predisposing people to more phubbing and grandiose narcissism to less phubbing. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study expands knowledge on what motivates engagement in policy practice (PP) by exploring the place of personal values, which reflect individuals' general motivations and context-specific motivations—the motivations to study social work—in predicting the intention to incorporate PP into their practice. The sample of this cross-sectional study comprised 280 BSW students in Israel, and the study employed the Portrait Values Questionnaire–Refined, Social Work Career Influence Questionnaire, and the PP Intention Scale. Path analysis showed that personal values were associated with PP intention both directly and indirectly through the motivations to study social work. However, the mechanisms differ for self-transcendence versus self-enhancement and openness to change versus conservation values. A stronger PP intention was associated with a higher preference for openness to change versus conservation values mediated by the social change motivation to study social work. The total effect of the preference for self-enhancement versus self-transcendence values on PP intention was nonsignificant. This resulted from the contradiction between the negative direct and positive indirect effects (through the social change motivation) of these values on PP intention. The study results underscore the place of personal values and motivations to study social work in explaining PP intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and lifestyle choices during the COVID-19 pandemic is obscure and not very well understood. To clarify the mechanisms underlying this relationship, we proposed to test the hypothesis that different coping styles (avoidant and approach) have an indirect effect on the association between EI and many types of lifestyle habits. A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2020 and January 2021. Our target sample consisted of Lebanese adults from the general population. In path analysis, approach coping mediated the association between EI and different lifestyle habits (rest, nutrition, general physical conditions), but not exercise. Furthermore, avoidant coping did mediate the association between EI and general physical conditions, but not between EI and other lifestyle choices (namely rest, exercise, and nutrition). To conclude, individuals with high EI, and that are users of approach coping strategies to deal with stressors, have increased rest time, healthy nutrition and general physical conditions. This cautiously implies that fostering approach coping may help improve the positive effects of EI on healthy lifestyles during crises such as this pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examined the mediating role of resilience and living in care experiences between risk exposure (victimization by community and adverse childhood experiences) and psychosocial outcomes (housing instability, delinquency, and post-traumatic stress reactions) for youth receiving child welfare and community services. Method: Two hundred and fifty-one youths (14–19 years old) who are receiving interventions from the Department of Community Services in Nova Scotia, Canada, were recruited. Multiple measures were administered to the youth. Results and conclusion: Resilience and experiences of living in care significantly mediated the relationship between risk factors and outcomes, with youth demographic characteristics influencing the pattern of these relationships. Findings suggested that resilience and living in care experiences could reduce the effects of risk factors on psychosocial outcomes. These findings demonstrate a role for Child Welfare agencies in promoting youth access to the resilience-enabling resources necessary to sustain well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interrupt-driven programs are widely used in embedded systems with high security requirements. However, uncertain interleaving execution of tasks and interrupts may cause concurrency bugs, with data races being a significant factor in threatening security. Most of the previous research has focused on detecting data races in multi-threaded programs. And existing static analysis methods for interrupt-related data race detection often produce many false positives. This paper presents IntRace, an accurate and efficient static detection technique for interrupt data race. IntRace eliminates false data race by analyzing potential concurrency relationships and path reachability. It first identifies all race candidate pairs using access interleaving pattern matching. Then for each pair of operational accesses, IntRace analyzes potential concurrency relationships, including the special case of interrupt nesting, and uses this information to filter out access pairs that cannot concurrently access the same location. Finally, it checks the feasibility of events in the access pairs by constructing path constraints, which effectively eliminating infeasible paths in concurrent contexts. In addition, IntRace was evaluated on benchmark tests and 9 real embedded programs. The experimental results show that IntRace reduces the false positive rate by 73.2% compared to recent studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the associations between contextual and demographic factors influencing parental involvement in education and the levels of parent involvement in education, specifically addressing the possible mediating roles of parental role activity and self-efficacy beliefs for helping the child succeed in school. A total of 1,402 parents of preschoolers between 36 and 72 months in Turkey voluntarily participated in the study. Using a correlational research design, a model was tested via path analysis to inspect the associations among study variables. In general, the study results revealed that role activity and self-efficacy beliefs either fully or partially mediated the relationships between contextual variables and parent involvement in education, meaning the existence of relationships, either in total or in part, depends on parents' role activity and self-efficacy beliefs. Overall, the study concluded that parents' role activity and self-efficacy beliefs are two essential factors associated with parent involvement level because they enhance the relationship of the contextual factors with parent involvement, even they activate the relationship between some contextual factors and parent involvement level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has pointed to myriad cultural and socio-psychological factors associated with HIV testing, such as acculturation, social norms about HIV testing, masculinity, homonegativity, and constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior. However, the interrelationships of these factors on the intentions of HIV testing among the population of Asian American men remains unknown. A dataset of 425 Asian American men in the U.S., collected online with convenience sampling method during 2020–2021, was analyzed to test a conceptual framework that aimed to fill this gap. Results from a path model with two endogenous variables (homonegativity and HIV testing intention) indicated that perceived social norms about HIV testing, attitude about HIV testing, and perceived HIV risk had directandindirect relationships with the intentions of HIV testing in the study population. However, social norms about HIV testing and perceived HIV risk showed stronger direct effects (standardized estimates = 0.37 and 0.34, respectively, p-value < 0.001). Additionally, we found that the relationships of these factors with HIV testing intention were also mediated by homonegativity. Findings from this study advance our understanding of pathways of associations between a host of cultural and socio-psychological factors with HIV testing intention among an understudied population – Asian American men. Our results will help inform the development of future intervention programs to increase HIV testing in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging information and construction management technology (EICMT) has become prevailing in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry to achieve digital transformation by applying emerging information technologies (i.e., Internet of things, cloud computing, and mobile Internet) in construction management works (i.e., cost management, stakeholder management, on-site construction management, etc.). This study aims to test the relations between organizational elements and building professional EICMT implementation and explore its practical path by identifying the mediators and moderators. 507 valid responses were obtained using the questionnaire online. Mplus 8.0, a statistical analysis software that prevails in handling complex models, is used for path analysis and bootstrapping tests in this study. Path analyses are conducted to test the relations between organizational elements and EICMT implementation. Bootstrapping tests are used to identify the mediator and moderator. The finding reveals that corporate normative pressure and technology facilitating conditions can directly affect building professional EICMT implementation; the mediating role of perceived ease of use is verified between technology facilitating condition and building professional EICMT implementation, and the moderating effect of top management support is confirmed by remodeling the relations between organizational elements and EICMT implementation, which provides a boundary condition for the building professionals' EICMT implementation. Our study extends the relations between organizational elements and building professional EICMT implementation by exploring the mediator role of perceived ease of use and moderator of top management support. The findings from this study can enrich the research on the antecedents of EICMT implementation in the AEC industry. Moreover, this study provides guidelines for practitioners to formulate corporate norms, foster corporate culture, and provide technology facilitating conditions to promote EICMT implementation. It also requires top management to engage in digital transformation in the AEC industry. Practical Applications: Emerging information and construction management technology (EICMT) is applied to improve project management efficiency in the AEC industry. Construction enterprises make several efforts to encourage their building professionals to implement EICMT, such as formal norms and informal culture, but the implementation of EICMT is contentious in practice. This study recommends that corporate normative pressure, technology-facilitating conditions, and top management support are crucial for the EICMT implementation in building professionals. Besides, building professionals prefer to select technologies that are easy to use rather than practical. Therefore, construction enterprises should formulate formal norms related to EICMT implementation to evaluate building professionals' job performance, which can urge employees to apply EICMT in their daily work and also provide rewards for these employees who use EICMT in their jobs and improve work outcomes. Moreover, construction enterprises can provide convenient conditions on EICMT to encourage building professionals to accept EICMT, such as training, operation manuals, and professional guidance. Construction enterprises' top managers should actively participate in EICMT promotion by implementing EICMT in daily work, communicating EICMT with their employees, and recognizing its benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Derwent patent index database, this paper takes the data source of 5G technology-related patents of China and the United States from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2019. It uses the social network analysis method to conduct a comparative study on the cooperative innovation network and evolution path of 5G technology between China and the United States. The paper's results present that: (1) the scale of the 5G technology industry in the two countries continues to expand, and the field of patented technology continues to improve, (2) The number of 5G technology-related patents in China exceeds that in the United States, but China lacks core patents, the quality of 5G technology innovation lags that in the United States, (3) Most of the resources in the innovation networks in China and the US are controlled by large companies, but the level of cooperation among Chinese patentees is not as high as that in the US. (4) Patentees collaborate in innovation networks as frequently as periods change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the extent to which body mass index (BMI) mediates associations between risk factors and incident high blood pressure in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs), Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), Non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) and Hispanics. There were 7,793 participants from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health: 312 AI/ANs, 1,091 Hispanics, 1,567 NHBs and 4,823 NHWs. Risk factors for high blood pressure included adolescent BMI, TV watching, fast-food consumption, smoking, parental obesity, parental educational attainment and financial instability. Relative risk regression models stratified by race/ethnicity were used to examine associations between risk factors and incident high blood pressure. Path analysis was used to assess mediation by BMI. Female sex was a protective factor against high blood pressure, and higher BMI was a risk factor in all populations. Smoking increased high blood pressure risk in AI/ANs (Incident Rate Ratio [IRR]: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.27), but not in other groups. BMI partially mediated the effect of parental obesity on high blood pressure in NHWs and completely mediated the effect of parental obesity in NHBs. In AI/ANs and Hispanics, BMI did not mediate the relationship between incident high blood pressure and any risk factor. This study assessed the extent to which BMI mediates risk factors for high blood pressure in four populations, and showed important differences across populations. Further research is needed to improve knowledge about relationships between BMI, risk factors and incident high blood pressure, and their potential variability by race/ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of empirical studies have underscored the significance of entrepreneurial orientation in understanding the dynamic business environment driven by entrepreneurial actions. However, the notion of individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) has received less attention in scholarly literature. It's widely acknowledged that entrepreneurial education (EE) makes a substantial contribution to a country's economy. It's believed that EE can empower individuals and thus play a crucial role in addressing various societal challenges faced by countries globally. Nonetheless, the influence of EE on the IEO of university students, and whether it effectively guides them towards an entrepreneurial career, hasn't been thoroughly examined. This study aimed to explore the influence of EE on the IEO of university students. This study focuses on two distinct economies—a developing one (South Africa) and a developed one (Scotland), the latter being recognized for its high-quality EE and a high proportion of individuals opting for entrepreneurial careers. A quantitative research approach was followed making use of an adapted questionnaire, which was analysed with SPSS and EQS 6.4 using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance and path model analysis. A total of 2841 questionnaires were distributed online, yielding 575 valid responses. Findings indicate that EE significantly influences the IEO of university students in South Africa, but to a lesser extent in Scotland. The study expands the existing body of knowledge on IEO of university students. In addition, it provides insight for policymakers in the respective countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several repercussions have been linked to teen dating violence, including self-silencing. Self-silencing refers to an excessive worry about the partner's needs and opinions, which can lead to neglecting one's well-being. However, the mechanisms by which dating violence, especially sexual victimization, affects self-silencing are understudied. Moreover, studies have identified sexual victimization by an intimate partner as one of the most critical factors affecting youth's self-esteem development, which may explain this relationship. The present study aimed to explore the possible mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between sexual teen dating violence and self-silencing. Adolescents were recruited from a one-stage stratified cluster sample of 34 high schools inQuebec, Canada. Adolescents completed measures on sexual dating violence and self-esteem at Wave 1 and self-silencing in their relationship at Wave 2, 6 months later. Analyses were conducted on 2,489 adolescent girls (M = 15.48 years, SD =.95) who participated in Wave 2 and reported being in a dating relationship in the last 6 months. Results of the path analysis indicated that self-esteem acted as a mediator in the relationship between sexual teen dating violence and self-silencing. This study helps better understand the processes underlying self-silencing behaviors in adolescent victims of sexual dating violence. The results highlight a potential target for intervention to inhibit the development of self-silencing in adolescent girls experiencing sexual dating violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More recently, the trend of miniaturization in microelectronic devices has led to a continual reduction in bump dimensions, the volume fraction of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) is increasing, significantly highlighting the impact of IMCs on the reliability of microbumps. Ni3Sn4 is the most common IMC formed in Ni/Sn/Ni bumps. However, its formation leads to a significant volume shrinkage up to 11.3% due to phase transformation. This volume shrinkage effect is particularly pronounced in microbumps, which may raise significant concerns regarding their reliability. To resolve these issues, the addition of Ag into the solder has been investigated as a method to modify the microstructure and improve the overall performance of microbumps. This study focused on investigating the microstructure and mechanical properties of microbumps with sub-10 micron bump thickness in two systems: Cu/Ni/Sn/Ni/Cu and Cu/Ni/Sn-3.5Ag/Ni/Cu. Various reflow heat treatment processes were employed to achieve different fractions of Ni3Sn4 IMC, allowing for a detailed comparison of the volume shrinkage effect between these two systems. The results of shear testing demonstrated that the Cu/Ni/Sn-3.5Ag/Ni/Cu bumps exhibited a significant improvement in shear strength and toughness, with shear strength increasing by approximately 37% compared to the Cu/Ni/Sn/Ni/Cu samples. Microstructure and fracture path analyses were also used to elucidate the strengthening mechanisms in Cu/Ni/Sn-3.5Ag/Ni/Cu bumps, highlighting the effectiveness of Ag addition in improving the reliability of microbumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to an increasingly dire pollution scenario, the Chinese government initiated the largest and most extensive environmental inspection campaign in history starting in 2016. Numerous polluting enterprises were closed due to environmental concerns in the rural areas. Drawing on two‐period panel data from the China Rural Development Survey, this study revealed the inherent mechanism of the polluting enterprises closure on local rural livelihoods using the difference‐in‐differences method and structural equation model, with reference to the sustainable livelihood framework. Results showed that shuttering polluting enterprises enhanced rural households' livelihood capital, notably in human, natural, and physical aspects, and promoted labor migration. Additional heterogeneous analysis revealed that the enhancements were notably more pronounced in Southern China and among affluent demographics. Based on the findings, we suggested the local government should support the development of sustainable agriculture and green industries and pay more attention to vulnerable populations when making policy decisions. The use of mandatory directives, such as shutting down polluting enterprises, is a common strategy in developing countries. This study presents an analytical framework for understanding the impact of environmental governance on the livelihoods of rural households in developing countries, contributing to a better balance between rural environmental management and livelihood improvement in these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many children living in linguistically diverse low- and middle-income countries learn to read and write in multiple languages. Recent research provides implications for effective reading instruction with multilingual learners (e.g., Hall et al. in New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 166:145–189, 2019). However, there is limited empirical evidence on effective instructional practices for multilingual early grade learners who are at-risk of reading failure. The goal of our research was to examine the effect of a structured literacy intervention on literacy skills for a cohort of first grade children at-risk of reading failure as they learned to read in Kiswahili and English. Data were drawn from a larger longitudinal randomized control trial of the Primary Math and Reading Initiative in four counties in Kenya (Kiambu, Nakuru, Nairobi, and Kisumu, with 165 at-risk children identified (71 control; 94 treatment). Children in the treatment condition received daily structured instruction in letter knowledge, phonological awareness, decoding, word reading, and reading comprehension in Kiswahili and English. Children in the control condition continued with the business-as-usual approach, typically whole word instruction. Path analysis was used to examine the intervention effect of the PRIMR program through second grade. The path models further explored the within- and cross-language relationships of variables that predict oral reading fluency over time. Our analyses revealed that children in the treatment condition exhibited significantly higher growth in letter-sound knowledge for both Kiswahili and English. While growth was also observed for non-word fluency in Kiswahili and English for both treatment and control groups, there were no significant findings for this skill that can be attributed to the PRIMR intervention. Our analysis revealed that cross-linguistic elements of English reading skills contribute to oral reading fluency skills in Kiswahili. We discuss implications for aspects of structured literacy instruction essential for multilingual learners at-risk of reading failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined whether and how early cognitive flexibility, metalinguistic awareness, including phonological awareness (PA) and morphological awareness (MA), Chinese word reading (CWR), and listening comprehension (LC) influenced Chinese children's later reading comprehension. In total, 153 Chinese children were recruited. Path analysis showed that cognitive flexibility measured when the children were in Grade 1 (Mage = 85.92 months, SD = 4.36) significantly explained the variance of later reading comprehension at Grade 3 (Mage = 103.03 months, SD = 3.80) and all concurrent domain-specific precursors of reading comprehension, except LC. Multiple mediation analyses further demonstrated that MA and CWR partially mediated the effect of cognitive flexibility on reading comprehension. Also, the effect of cognitive flexibility on reading comprehension was mediated partially by two two-mediator paths, PA-LC and MA-CWR. These findings demonstrated that cognitive flexibility could be related to reading comprehension directly and indirectly through multiple pathways involving metalinguistic awareness, word reading, and language comprehension. These findings particularly highlighted the roles of MA and word reading in the association between Chinese readers' cognitive flexibility and their reading comprehension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigated the association between elder abuse and depressive symptoms, as well as protective factors against adverse mental health outcomes from elder abuse. Methods: Participants were drawn from the 5928 graduates of the WLS, Wave 3 study (age range 70–73) who completed both in-person and telephone interviews. From this large group, 975 (16.4%) participants reported having experienced elder abuse and were included in the sample. Path analysis using Mplus was employed. Results: Elder abuse victimization was significantly associated with depressive symptoms, and those who had suffered multiple types of elder abuse experienced more severe mental health outcomes. However, both light physical activity conducted alone and having a friend as a confidant were negatively associated with depressive symptoms among older adults who had experienced elder abuse. Conclusion: Given the significant association between elder abuse and negative mental health outcomes among older survivors, screening and prevention programs are recommended. Older adults who have experienced elder abuse may benefit from programs designed to increase physical activity and help older adults build and maintain close relationships with friends and confidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) continues to be a public health challenge. The prevalence of experiencing CSA is higher among men who have sex with men (MSM) than the general population. CSA has been linked to compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) among varying populations but has not been examined among MSM who were newly diagnosed with HIV. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the direct association between CSA and CSB among newly diagnosed MSM living with HIV, and to identify the potential mediating roles of depressive symptoms and emotion regulation in the association between CSA and CSB. The study was a secondary data analysis using data obtained from 2012 to 2017 from two community HIV clinics in New York City (n = 202). CSA was operationalized with questions asking about sexual abuse during childhood/adolescence. CSB was measured using the 13-item Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI). Depressive symptoms were measured using the 20-item Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and emotion regulation was measured using a 36-item Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Path analysis was conducted to determine the mediating role of depressive symptoms and emotion regulation in the association between CSA and CSB. There was a statistically significant association between CSA and CSB (β = 0.160; p = 0.019). There were statistically significant indirect associations between CSA, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, and CSB (depressive symptoms β = 0.0.071; p = 0.010; DERS: β = 0.080; p = 0.006). Depressive symptoms were also correlated with emotion regulation (r = 0.596; p < 0.001). The relationship between CSA and CSB was significantly mediated by depressive symptoms and emotion regulation. Trauma-informed interventions addressing depressive symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation may help to reduce CSB among MSM living with HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toe fringes are a key innovation for sand dwelling lizards, and the relationship between toe fringe function and substrate properties is helpful in understanding the adaptation of lizards to sand dune environments. We tested the sand burial performance of Phrynocephalus mystaceus on different sand substrates with toe fringe manipulation, with the aim of assessing whether the function of the toe fringes shifts under different substrate properties, especially in highly mobile substrates. The sand burial performance of P. mystaceus was influenced by substrate properties in relation to the toe fringe states of the lizard. After removal of the bilateral toe fringes, the sand burial ability score of P. mystaceus was significantly higher on sand substrates below 100 mesh than on native sand substrates. As the angle of stability of the substrate properties decreased, the sand burial performance of the lizard was even better after the bilateral toe fringes were removed. The results of the LASSO model and the path analysis model showed that the stability angle provided the opposite effect on sand burial performance in different toe fringe states. These results further suggest that the sand burial function of toe fringes may not be suitable for highly mobile sand substrates. It remains to be tested further whether the function of toe fringes is more important for running on sand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Organizational agility is the cornerstone of the complex dynamics for the success of healthcare organizations and the sustenance of nurses' career planning and professional development. Aim: Assess the organizational agility and the extent of nurses' career planning. It also sought to investigate the association between the two and the intermediating function that nurses' grit plays in this association. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive design following STROBE guidelines was carried out. Methods and tools: Data were collected from 300 nurses who made up the entire population sample that we used (a judgmental non-probability sampling technique) working across all in-patient care units at Itay El-Baroud General Hospital, in El Behaira governorate, using structured questionnaires as follows: the organizational agility questionnaire, the career planning scale, and the grit scale. The sociodemographic characteristics of the studied nurses were also collected. Statistical analyses were used to analyze the data, including ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and SEM, to determine whether career development may act as a mediator between organizational agility and the nurses' career planning. Results: Rendering the findings of this study, more than half of nurses have a high perception regarding organizational agility and career planning. In contrast, the majority of them have a moderate perception regarding grit. In addition, there is a statistically high significant relationship between organizational agility and career planning. Also, there is a statistically high significant relationship between organizational agility and grit. There is a statistically high significant relationship between career planning and grit. Conclusion: The statistically substantial correlations among grit, career planning, and organizational agility demonstrate how interrelated they are. This implies that encouraging organizational flexibility and effective career planning techniques may have a good impact on nurses' resilience, which would ultimately result in a workforce of nurses who are more resilient and engaged. Additional investigation into the precise mechanisms behind these associations may yield important information for improving nurse wellbeing and retention. Nursing implications: According to this study, putting organizational agility and career planning first can have a good impact on nurses' grit, which will make them more resilient and engaged workers. To encourage flexibility and growth among nurses, healthcare institutions should make training investments, provide clear career tracks, and support work-life balance. More investigation into the precise mechanisms underlying these connections may yield insightful information that improves nurse well-being and retention. The importance of organizational agility in creating a supportive work environment for nurses' career growth should be acknowledged by healthcare companies. This can lead to increased job satisfaction and lower turnover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Quality of life (QOL) is a key concept in the field of health and future human life depends on understanding the factors affecting the QOL. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between health hardiness and health-promoting lifestyle with QOL among residents of Bastak city. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on the adult population above the age of 18 years living in Bastak city in Hormozgan province. A total number of 400 subjects were selected using a convenient sampling method. An online questionnaire was used to collect the data, which consisted of four sections: demographic information, health hardiness questionnaire, health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire and world health organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Data were analyzed using statistical tests including Pearson correlation analysis, path analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) with SPSS 24 and AMOS 21 statistical software. Results: A total of 400 subjects with the mean age of 34.81 ± 8.94 years participated in this study. There were significant positive relationships between health hardiness (r =.499, p =.000), health value (r =.491, p =.000), internal health locus of control (r =.468, p =.000), external health locus of control (r =.19, p =.000), perceived health competence (r =.415, p =.000), health responsibility (r =.473, p =.000), physical activity (r =.356, p =.000), nutrition (r =.392, p =.000), interpersonal relations (r =.458, p =.000), spiritual growth (r =.619, p =.000), stress management (r =.514, p =.000) and health promoting life-style (r =.593, p =.000) With QOL. Conclusion: According to our findings, health-promoting lifestyle has a positive relationship with QOL. Therefore, the policy makers and executive managers of the health sector can improve people's QOL by designing and implementing educational interventions that are focused on improvement the level of individual's physical activity, spiritual growth, interpersonal interactions, stress management, nutrition and individual responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Academic involvement and academic procrastination are two behavioral variables and are among the challenges of higher education, especially medical education. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the mediating role of goal orientation in the relationship between formative assessment with academic engagement and procrastination in Iranian medical students. Methods: The present correlational study of path way type, was performed on 388 students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in the 2021 selected by a convenient sampling method. Four questionnaires of Goal orientation scale)21-item), the classroom assessment approaches questionnaire (12-item), the Procrastination Assessment Scale– Students (44-item) and the student engagement scale (10-item) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed with SPSS-26 and LISREL-10.2 software. Results: The results of the path analysis showed formative assessment have significant direct effect on mastery orientation (β = 0.40), performance-approach (β = 0.14), avoidance orientation (β = -0.28), academic engagement (β = 0.32) and academic procrastination (β = 0.12). Also mastery orientation (β = 0.13), performance-approach (β = 0.12), avoidance orientation (β = -0.25) have a significant direct effect in the variance of academic engagement. As well mastery orientation (β = -0.43), performance-approach (β = -0.15), avoidance orientation (β = 0.30) have a significant direct effect in the variance of academic procrastination. These results confirm the direct hypotheses. Indirect effect of formative assessment to academic engagement (0.21) and academic procrastination (0.27) was significant. Conclusion: It is recommended according to the results practitioners provide the basis for promoting academic engagement and decrease academic procrastination through the application of formative assessment and Improve classroom goal orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language mindsets, which are beliefs about personal qualities relevant to language learning and perceived as either fixed or malleable, have become a focus in understanding their roles in shaping language learning processes. Several studies show how they are related to language learning, along with important variables such as self-efficacy. Although research on language mindsets is growing, most studies have focused on their isolated effects, leaving a critical gap in understanding how these mindsets interact with other significant factors to influence language learning in a motivational aspect. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring the interplay between language mindsets, self-efficacy, engagement, and perceived proficiency (PP)—a construct that reflects an individual's subjective perception of their language skills and is linked to their motivation to learn. A total of 257 students enrolled in English language courses from three universities in Korea joined the study by responding to questionnaires. The results of the path analysis show that a growth mindset did not predict self-PP; notably, however, it predicted PP with the full mediation of self-efficacy. In addition, the indirect effect of the relationship between self-efficacy, engagement, and proficiency was significant but weak. However, the inclusion of a growth mindset strengthened the indirect effect. Conversely, the link between a fixed mindset and PP showed no significant indirect effect through self-efficacy and engagement. The findings highlight the importance of a growth mindset in initiating the process of language learning and underscore the mediating role of self-efficacy in this context, contributing to the development of more effective and pedagogically informed guidance in L2 classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy‐dispersive inelastic X‐ray scattering (EDIXS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to study hard dental tissues like dentine, enamel, and cementum in several human dental pieces of adult individuals. Analysis of linear paths crossing different interfaces were carried out. These different techniques provide specific information that allows a combined interpretation of the results as well as a comparison of performances of both methodologies. The EDIXS analysis was focused on the calcium absorption edge because this major element has a fundamental role in the formation of the calcium phosphate structure. Regarding FTIR, the investigation focused on the study of ν1, ν3, and ν4 vibrational modes of hydroxyapatite. The ν1, ν3, and ν4 vibrational modes of hydroxyapatite are related to the vibrations of the phosphate (PO43‐) ion. Specifically, ν1 corresponds to the symmetric stretching vibration, ν3 is the asymmetric stretching vibration, and ν4 is the bending vibration of the phosphate ion. The results allowed us to infer a correlation between the variations observed in EDIXS and the ν3 vibrational mode measured with FTIR. This correlation between inelastic X‐ray scattering and FTIR spectroscopy offers a more comprehensive characterization of hydroxyapatite parameters. Furthermore, it establishes a complementary technique for the structural characterization of dental tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In carnivorous plants, the fitness impacts of phenotypic variation in traits involved in prey attraction and capture have been well documented. However, floral traits could also contribute to the fitness of carnivorous plants. Pinguicula moranensis is a carnivorous plant that presents colorful zygomorphic flowers, which suggests some degree of specialization in its interactions with pollinators. We first tested pollen limitation experimentally by comparing the fruit set in plants that were manually cross‐pollinated with those that were pollinated naturally. Then, using a path analysis approach, we explored the effects of plant size and floral traits (corolla shape, corolla size, spur length, nectar guide size, and stalk length) on fitness (seed number per fruit). We performed two independent path analyses—one with the naturally pollinated plants and the other with the hand pollinated plants—to consider the impacts of these variables with and without the pressure of pollinator attraction. We expected stronger selection on floral traits in naturally pollinated plants. We found evidence of pollen limitation in the fruit set of the naturally pollinated group, suggesting that pollinator availability could impose selective pressures. The path analyses showed a marked direct positive effect of rosette size on plant fitness in both groups. The direct effects of all floral traits had similar magnitudes between the naturally pollinated and hand pollinated plants, except for corolla shape that showed higher coefficients in the first group. Thus, although we evidenced pollen limitation, our prediction about the role of pollinators as selective agents of floral traits in P. moranensis was barely supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]