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Acrobatic gymnastics is a kind of sport that requires significant coordination skills, physical exertion and optimal diet to achieve the set goals. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to optimize the nutritional status of acrobats and to detect violations in it early for correction and avoidance of undesirable consequences in advance. To perform this task, a group of acrobats was observed using such methods as the determination of daily and individual energy expenditure of the subjects, the study of the actual nutrition of athletes, the study of blood and urine indicators by biochemical methods. Analyzing the energy value and chemical composition of actual food rations, quantitative and qualitative violations were noted. The caloric content of the daily ration of female athletes is much lower than the average daily energy expenditure. There is violation of the optimal ratio between proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diet of all studied groups. In the diet of acrobats performing the function of «middle» and «lower» there is a pronounced deficiency of proteins and complex carbohydrates with an excess of fats, mono- and disaccharides, while in the chemical composition of the diets of «upper» acrobats more significant indicators are observed deficiency of all analyzed food components. During the analysis of urea and creatinine concentration indicators in the urine of acrobats, changes were observed compared to the norm. Such indicators of metabolic status are the result of intense physical exertion, mainly anaerobic and glycolytic. Оrganizing the rational nutrition of highly qualified acrobats, an individual approach is necessary, taking into account the specific specialization, the energy orientation of the load and the stage of the training cycle. Thus, by regulating the caloric content and balance of food according to the main and essential ingredients, it is possible to influence the metabolic background of the body in a targeted manner, to create optimal conditions for the implementation of muscle activity.

According to the modern concept of neurophysiology, a dental cap is a protective device for the prevention of injuries to the facial area and teeth, today it is offered as a way to increase performance in sports by improving strength, speed indicators, endurance, accuracy and balance. However, at the same time as the introduction of this invention, many contradictions were discovered, such as a negative effect on aerobic endurance and oxygen consumption. Yes, a thorough review of current and past publications is needed to establish truth and fiction regarding the use of neuromuscular braces in sports. The aim of the work was to conduct a review of the literature on the issues of neuromuscular conceptology in modern odontological practice, to assess the positive and negative effects of the use of neuromuscular mouthguards in sportsmen and to find prospects for the development of this topic for domestic doctors and physiologists. A review of more than twenty scientific works by foreign and domestic authors was conducted, relating to data that highlight neuromuscular approaches in dentistry, modern instrumental research and the facts of the use of neuromuscular mouthguards in athletes of various professional orientations. Most of the works were covered by foreign researchers on the relationship between wearing caps to improve performance during physical activity.Conclusions. The concept of neuromuscular occlusive balance and its various systemic influence on the state of the body is well-founded today, at the same time, there is no evidence of the effectiveness of caps on the sports results of athletes. After reviewing the literature, it can be said that the neuromuscular cap can be recommended to those athletes who need explosive strength and balance, peak, short-term loads in the anaerobic strength regime. In the same sports where mouth breathing is required to maintain adequate ventilation, intraoral devices will only hinder peak performance. Further work is planned to investigate the impact of intraoral devices on the morpho-functional state of highly qualified athletes.

We report a lethal case of a female patient who has not undergone surgery for her giant invasive infrasellar/ endosellar/suprasellar/parasellar/retrosellar pituitary adenoma. The paper presents results of histological examination of optic nerves and considers the mechanisms of vision loss in prolonged chiasmal and optic nerve compression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]