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11 results on '"Parker, Dan M."'

4. Spatial patterns of large African cats : a large-scale study on density, home range size, and home range overlap of lions Panthera leo and leopards Panthera pardus

Author

Nams, Vilis O., Parker, Dan M., Weise, Florian J., Patterson, Bruce D., Buij, Ralph, Radloff, Frans G.T., Vanak, Abi Tamim, Tumenta, Pricelia N., Hayward, Matt W., Swanepoel, Lourens H., Funston, Paul J., Bauer, Hans, Power, R.J., O'Brien, John, O'Brien, Timothy G., Tambling, Craig J., de Iongh, Hans H., Ferreira, Sam M., Owen-Smith, Norman, Cain, James W., Fattebert, Julien, Croes, Barbara M., Spong, Goran, Loveridge, Andrew J., Houser, Ann Marie, Golabek, Krystyna A., Begg, Colleen M., Grant, Tanith, Trethowan, Paul, Musyoki, Charles, Menges, Vera, Creel, Scott, Balme, Guy A., Pitman, Ross T., Bissett, Charlene, Jenny, David, Schuette, Paul, Wilmers, Christopher C., Hunter, Luke T.B., Kinnaird, Margaret F., Begg, Keith S., Owen, Cailey R., Steyn, Villiers, Bockmuehl, Dirk, Munro, Stuart J., Mann, Gareth K.H., du Preez, Byron D., Marker, Laurie L., Huqa, Tuqa J., Cozzi, Gabriele, Frank, Laurence G., Nyoni, Phumuzile, Stein, Andrew B., Kasiki, Samuel M., Macdonald, David W., Martins, Quinton E., van Vuuren, Rudie J., Stratford, Ken J., Bidner, Laura R., Oriol-Cotteril, Alayne, Maputla, Nakedi W., Maruping-Mzileni, Nkabeng, Parker, Tim, van't Zelfde, Maarten, Isbell, Lynne A., Beukes, Otto B., Beukes, Maya, Nams, Vilis O., Parker, Dan M., Weise, Florian J., Patterson, Bruce D., Buij, Ralph, Radloff, Frans G.T., Vanak, Abi Tamim, Tumenta, Pricelia N., Hayward, Matt W., Swanepoel, Lourens H., Funston, Paul J., Bauer, Hans, Power, R.J., O'Brien, John, O'Brien, Timothy G., Tambling, Craig J., de Iongh, Hans H., Ferreira, Sam M., Owen-Smith, Norman, Cain, James W., Fattebert, Julien, Croes, Barbara M., Spong, Goran, Loveridge, Andrew J., Houser, Ann Marie, Golabek, Krystyna A., Begg, Colleen M., Grant, Tanith, Trethowan, Paul, Musyoki, Charles, Menges, Vera, Creel, Scott, Balme, Guy A., Pitman, Ross T., Bissett, Charlene, Jenny, David, Schuette, Paul, Wilmers, Christopher C., Hunter, Luke T.B., Kinnaird, Margaret F., Begg, Keith S., Owen, Cailey R., Steyn, Villiers, Bockmuehl, Dirk, Munro, Stuart J., Mann, Gareth K.H., du Preez, Byron D., Marker, Laurie L., Huqa, Tuqa J., Cozzi, Gabriele, Frank, Laurence G., Nyoni, Phumuzile, Stein, Andrew B., Kasiki, Samuel M., Macdonald, David W., Martins, Quinton E., van Vuuren, Rudie J., Stratford, Ken J., Bidner, Laura R., Oriol-Cotteril, Alayne, Maputla, Nakedi W., Maruping-Mzileni, Nkabeng, Parker, Tim, van't Zelfde, Maarten, Isbell, Lynne A., Beukes, Otto B., and Beukes, Maya

Abstract

Spatial patterns of and competition for resources by territorial carnivores are typically explained by two hypotheses: 1) the territorial defence hypothesis and 2) the searching efficiency hypothesis. According to the territorial defence hypothesis, when food resources are abundant, carnivore densities will be high and home ranges small. In addition, carnivores can maximise their necessary energy intake with minimal territorial defence. At medium resource levels, larger ranges will be needed, and it will become more economically beneficial to defend resources against a lower density of competitors. At low resource levels, carnivore densities will be low and home ranges large, but resources will be too scarce to make it beneficial to defend such large territories. Thus, home range overlap will be minimal at intermediate carnivore densities. According to the searching efficiency hypothesis, there is a cost to knowing a home range. Larger areas are harder to learn and easier to forget, so carnivores constantly need to keep their cognitive map updated by regularly revisiting parts of their home ranges. Consequently, when resources are scarce, carnivores require larger home ranges to acquire sufficient food. These larger home ranges lead to more overlap among individuals' ranges, so that overlap in home ranges is largest when food availability is the lowest. Since conspecific density is low when food availability is low, this hypothesis predicts that overlap is largest when densities are the lowest. We measured home range overlap and used a novel method to compare intraspecific home range overlaps for lions Panthera leo (n = 149) and leopards Panthera pardus (n = 111) in Africa. We estimated home range sizes from telemetry location data and gathered carnivore density data from the literature. Our results did not support the territorial defence hypothesis for either species. Lion prides increased their home range overlap at conspecific lower densities whereas leopards did

Published
2023

5. Spatial patterns of large African cats: a large‐scale study on density, home range size, and home range overlap of lions Panthera leo and leopards Panthera pardus

Author

Nams, Vilis O., primary, Parker, Dan M., additional, Weise, Florian J., additional, Patterson, Bruce D., additional, Buij, Ralph, additional, Radloff, Frans G. T., additional, Vanak, Abi Tamim, additional, Tumenta, Pricelia N., additional, Hayward, Matt W., additional, Swanepoel, Lourens H., additional, Funston, Paul J., additional, Bauer, Hans, additional, Power, R. John, additional, O'Brien, John, additional, O'Brien, Timothy G., additional, Tambling, Craig J., additional, de Iongh, Hans H., additional, Ferreira, Sam M., additional, Owen‐Smith, Norman, additional, Cain, James W., additional, Fattebert, Julien, additional, Croes, Barbara M., additional, Spong, Goran, additional, Loveridge, Andrew J., additional, Houser, Ann Marie, additional, Golabek, Krystyna A., additional, Begg, Colleen M., additional, Grant, Tanith, additional, Trethowan, Paul, additional, Musyoki, Charles, additional, Menges, Vera, additional, Creel, Scott, additional, Balme, Guy A., additional, Pitman, Ross T., additional, Bissett, Charlene, additional, Jenny, David, additional, Schuette, Paul, additional, Wilmers, Christopher C., additional, Hunter, Luke T. B., additional, Kinnaird, Margaret F., additional, Begg, Keith S., additional, Owen, Cailey R., additional, Steyn, Villiers, additional, Bockmuehl, Dirk, additional, Munro, Stuart J., additional, Mann, Gareth K. H., additional, du Preez, Byron D., additional, Marker, Laurie L., additional, Huqa, Tuqa J., additional, Cozzi, Gabriele, additional, Frank, Laurence G., additional, Nyoni, Phumuzile, additional, Stein, Andrew B., additional, Kasiki, Samuel M., additional, Macdonald, David W., additional, Martins, Quinton E., additional, van Vuuren, Rudie J., additional, Stratford, Ken J., additional, Bidner, Laura R., additional, Oriol‐Cotteril, Alayne, additional, Maputla, Nakedi W., additional, Maruping‐Mzileni, Nkabeng, additional, Parker, Tim, additional, van't Zelfde, Maarten, additional, Isbell, Lynne A., additional, Beukes, Otto B., additional, and Beukes, Maya, additional

Published
2023
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11. Who's afraid of the big, bad predator? Contrasting effects of apex predator presence on the behaviour of a mesopredator.

Author

Welch, Rebecca J., Comley, Jessica, Kok, Armand D., Taylor, Jon M., and Parker, Dan M.

Abstract

Context: Mesopredators experience top down pressure from apex predators, which may lead to behavioural changes such as spatial avoidance to reduce both interference and exploitative competition. However, apex predators may also facilitate mesopredators through the provision of carrion, so mesopredators should respond flexibly to the presence of apex predators. Aims: We aimed to investigate the drivers of black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) space use and detection in areas with and without lions (Panthera leo). We predicted that jackal detection and space use will be greater if apex predators facilitate rather than suppress them. Additionally, we predicted that in the absence of lions, the relative abundance of small ungulate species may become important drivers of space use and detection, because jackals can switch from scavenging to hunting. Comparatively, in the presence of lions, larger ungulate species will become important drivers of space use and detection as these species become accessible to jackals through scavenging. Methods: We used camera-trapping surveys, a single-species, single-season occupancy modelling approach, and the assessment of activity patterns to explore how apex predators influence the presence and probability of use of different sites in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Key results: Apex predators both positively and negatively affected the detection of jackals, indicating that these mesopredators show behavioural flexibility at the individual site level. There was high overlap between jackal activity patterns in the presence and absence of lions; however, at one site with lions, jackal activity did not peak at night as observed at other sites. Conclusions: Our results indicate that jackals demonstrate behavioural flexibility in the presence and absence of apex predators. Importantly, our results show that apex predators can both facilitate and suppress mesopredators, and that their behavioural responses are dependent on site-specific factors. Implications: Our findings highlight that sympatric predator behaviours should be based on site-specific behaviours instead of the general patterns observed in more temperate systems. We evaluated the influence of apex predators on the drivers of mesopredator space use and detection in South Africa. Apex predators both positively and negatively affected the detection of black-backed jackals, indicating that these mesopredators show behavioural flexibility at the individual site level. These findings suggest that sympatric predator behaviours should be based on site-specific behaviours instead of general patterns. Photograph by Rebecca Welch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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