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Summary: Phosphate (Pi) availability is a major factor limiting plant growth and development. The key transcription factor controlling Pi‐starvation response (PSR) is PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1) whose transcript levels do not change with changes in Pi levels. However, how PHR1 stability is regulated at the post‐translational level is relatively unexplored in Arabidopsis thaliana.Inositol polyphosphates (InsPn) are important signal molecules that promote the association of stand‐alone SPX domain proteins with PHR1 to regulate PSR. Here, we show that NITROGEN LIMITATION ADAPTATION (NLA) E3 ligase can associate with PHR1 through its conserved SPX domain and polyubiquitinate PHR1 in vitro. The association with PHR1 and its ubiquitination is enhanced by InsP6 but not by InsP5.Analysis of InsPn‐related mutants and an overexpression plant shows PHR1 levels are more stable in itpk4‐1 and vih2‐4/VIH1amiRNA but less stable in ITPK4 overexpression plants. Under Pi‐deficient conditions, nla seedlings contain high PHR1 levels, display long root hair and accumulate anthocyanin in shoots phenocopying PHR1 overexpression plants. By contrast, NLA overexpression plants phenocopy phr1 whose phenotypes are opposite to those of nla.Our results suggest NLA functions as a negative regulator of Pi response by modulating PHR1 stability and the NLA/PHR1 association depends on InsPn levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ships and offshore structures are subjected to impact loads, such as slamming and sloshing. High impact pressures can cause permanent hull deformation by a single impact event. In addition, significant fatigue damage can be accumulated via repeated impact pressures. In this study, the plastic deformation behavior of flat plates under slamming impact is numerically investigated using a coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian method. The dynamic impact pressure of the flat plates by weight and drop height is investigated under the assumption of viscous and compressible fluids. To evaluate the plastic deformation of the plate, contact between water and the plate is removed after a certain duration after dropping, and then the remaining deformation is measured. Optimized finite element models for drop simulations are selected via a mesh sensitivity study, and the simulation results are calibrated and compared with experimental data. Results of the simulation and the experiment show good agreement in general in terms of deflection range. However, because the initial condition of the plate is not reflected in the simulation, some discrepancy is observed in maximum deflections. Finally, a discussion is presented for a more accurate fluid impact analysis model based on the comparison results with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Korea, suicide by nurses due to workplace verbal violence has become a serious social controversy. This study used a descriptive survey to identify factors influencing nurses' experiences with being either victims or perpetrators of verbal violence among colleagues. Participants were 205 nurses working at large-scale general hospitals in D city in August 2019. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires on experiences of verbal violence, committing acts of verbal violence, demographic characteristics, and job stress. For experiences of verbal violence, statistically significant differences were observed in age, gender, and nightshift work. Committing acts of verbal violence showed statistically significant differences in age, gender, entire career experience, career experience in one's present division, and nightshift work. A significant correlation was found between experiences of verbal violence, committing acts of verbal violence, and job stress. Gender and nightshift work influenced experiences of verbal violence in Model 1, while gender, nightshift work, and relationship conflicts were extracted in Model 2. In Model 3, career experience and committing acts of verbal violence were found to be significant. For committing acts of verbal violence, gender, nightshift work, and career experience were extracted in Model 1; gender, nightshift work, and relationship conflict were extracted in Model 2; and nightshift work, career experience, and experiences of verbal violence were significant in Model 3. Regarding verbal violence among nurses, a vicious cycle caused by job stress exists, in which newly hired nurses are often victims of verbal violence; however, as they gain career experience, they become the perpetrators. Therefore, to reduce nurses' job stress, it is necessary to operate job stress-control programs by career level, promote conversations among nurses to increase understanding of each other, and build a culture of mutual respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasing in Asia and several countries are adopting preventive policies to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). However, evidence on the relation between SSB consumption and cardiometabolic health in Asian populations has not been summarized. Objective In this systematic review, the associations between consumption of SSBs and cardiometabolic outcomes, including obesity, T2DM, and CVD, are examined in Asian populations. Data sources The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, and gray literature were searched up to October, 2020 to identify relevant articles. Data extraction Two investigators independently extracted data from included studies. Data analysis When sufficient studies were available, a random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate the pooled estimates (expressed as risk ratio [RR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Heterogeneity was tested and quantified using the Cochrane Q test and I 2 statistic, respectively. Results Of the 17 studies included, 8 provided results about measures of adiposity (3 on weight change, 4 on body mass index (BMI), 2 on percent body fat, and 1 on abdominal obesity), 6 reported results about T2DM, and 3 reported on different CVD outcomes. High SSB consumption was significantly associated with greater weight gain and with a higher risk of selected CVD outcomes as compared with low consumption. In the meta-analysis, high SSB consumption was associated with greater T2DM risk before (RR, 1.51; 95%CI, 1.15–1.98 for highest vs lowest category; I 2 = 76%) and after (RR, 1.38; 95%CI, 1.09–1.73; I 2 = 56%) adjustment for BMI. Conclusions These findings suggest that high SSB consumption is directly associated with weight gain, risk of T2DM, and, possibly, selected CVD outcomes in Asian populations. Public health strategies to reduce SSB consumption in Asian countries are warranted. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019129456.Keywords : adiposity. cardiovascular disease , Asia, sugar-sweetened beverages , type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aims: Video capsule endoscopy is rarely used to diagnose Crohn's disease in patients with negative ileocolonoscopy or cross-sectional image findings. We evaluated clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of these rare cases., Methods: This multicenter study included patients with Crohn's disease from 3 tertiary hospitals from January 2007 to October 2022. Patients with normal findings on ileocolonoscopy and computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance (MR) enterography but had ulcerations at the small bowel detected by video capsule endoscopy were included. The controls were patients with abnormal findings on endoscopy or CT/MR enterography. Controls were case-matched in a ratio of 3:1 for sex, calendar year of diagnosis, and age at diagnosis., Results: Among 3,752 patients, 24 (0.6%) were diagnosed with Crohn's disease using video capsule endoscopy findings. The disease location (P< 0.001) and behavior at diagnosis (P= 0.013) of the cases significantly differed from that of controls. The perianal fistula modifier (25.0% vs. 33.3%, P= 0.446) did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Initial disease activity and C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin levels were significantly lower in cases versus controls. The median Lewis score was 838 (interquartile range, 393-1,803). Over 10 years of follow-up, the cases showed significantly lower cumulative risk of complicated behavior, biologics use, Crohn's disease-related hospitalization, and surgeries (log-rank test P< 0.05)., Conclusions: Patients with Crohn's disease whose lesions were observed only by video capsule endoscopy were rare, and exhibit different clinical characteristics and a more favorable long-term disease course compared to those who were conventionally diagnosed.

Background: Integration of mobile health data collection methods into cohort studies enables the collection of intensive longitudinal information, which gives deeper insights into individuals' health and lifestyle behavioral patterns over time, as compared to traditional cohort methods with less frequent data collection. These findings can then fill the gaps that remain in understanding how various lifestyle behaviors interact as students graduate from university and seek employment (student-to-work life transition), where the inability to adapt quickly to a changing environment greatly affects the mental well-being of young adults., Objective: This paper aims to provide an overview of the study methodology and baseline characteristics of participants in Health@NUS, a longitudinal study leveraging mobile health to examine the trajectories of health behaviors, physical health, and well-being, and their diverse determinants, for young adults during the student-to-work life transition., Methods: University students were recruited between August 2020 and June 2022 in Singapore. Participants would complete biometric assessments and questionnaires at 3 time points (baseline, 12-, and 24-month follow-up visits) and use a Fitbit smartwatch and smartphone app to continuously collect physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, and dietary data over the 2 years. Additionally, up to 12 two-week-long bursts of app-based ecological momentary surveys capturing lifestyle behaviors and well-being would be sent out among the 3 time points., Results: Interested participants (n=1556) were screened for eligibility, and 776 participants were enrolled in the study between August 2020 and June 2022. Participants were mostly female (441/776, 56.8%), of Chinese ethnicity (741/776, 92%), undergraduate students (759/776, 97.8%), and had a mean BMI of 21.9 (SD 3.3) kg/m 2 , and a mean age of 22.7 (SD 1.7) years. A substantial proportion were overweight (202/776, 26.1%) or obese (42/776, 5.4%), had indicated poor mental well-being (World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index ≤50; 291/776, 37.7%), or were at higher risk for psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale ≥13; 109/776, 14.1%)., Conclusions: The findings from this study will provide detailed insights into the determinants and trajectories of health behaviors, health, and well-being during the student-to-work life transition experienced by young adults., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05154227; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05154227., International Registered Report Identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/56749., (©Xin Hui Chua, Sarah Martine Edney, Andre Matthias Müller, Nicholas A Petrunoff, Clare Whitton, Zoey Tay, Claire Marie Jie Lin Goh, Bozhi Chen, Su Hyun Park, Salome A Rebello, Alicia Low, Janelle Chia, Daphne Koek, Karen Cheong, Rob M van Dam, Falk Müller-Riemenschneider. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 17.07.2024.)

Background/aims: Efficacy of proton pump inhibitors is limited in patients with nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the efficacy and safety of esomeprazole with sodium bicarbonate and esomeprazole alone., Methods: This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, noninferiority comparative study. A total of 379 patients with NERD were randomly allocated to receive either Esoduo Ⓡ (esomeprazole 20 mg with sodium bicarbonate 800 mg) or Nexium Ⓡ (esomeprazole 20 mg) once daily for 4 weeks from January 2019 to December 2019. The patients had a history of heartburn for at least 2 days in the week before randomization as well as in the last 3 months and no esophageal mucosal breaks on endoscopy. The primary endpoint was a complete cure of heartburn at week 4. The secondary and exploratory endpoints as well as the safety profiles were compared in the groups at weeks 2 and 4., Results: A total of 355 patients completed the study (180 in the Esoduo Ⓡ group and 175 in the Nexium Ⓡ group). The proportions of patients without heartburn in the entire 4th week of treatment were not different between the two groups (33.33% in the Esoduo Ⓡ group and 35% in the Nexium Ⓡ group, p=0.737). There were no significant differences in most of the secondary and exploratory endpoints as well as the safety profiles., Conclusions: Esoduo Ⓡ is as effective and safe as Nexium Ⓡ for managing typical symptoms in patients with NERD (ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT03928470).