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Liveness detection technology has become an important application in daily life, and it is used in scenarios including mobile phone face unlock, face payment, and remote authentication. However, if attackers use fake video generation technology to generate realistic face-swapping videos to attack the living body detection system in the above scenarios, it will pose a huge threat to the security of these scenarios. Aiming at this problem, four state-of-the-art Deepfake technologies were used to generate a large number of face-changing pictures and videos as test samples, and use these samples to test the online API interfaces of commercial live detection platforms such as Baidu and Tencent. The test results show that the detection success rate of Deepfake images is generally very low by the major commercial live detection platforms currently used, and they are more sensitive to the quality of images, and the false detection rate of real images is also high. The main reason for the analysis may be that these platforms were mainly designed for traditional living detection attack methods such as printing photo attacks, screen remake attacks, and silicone mask attacks, and did not integrate advanced face-changing detection technology into their liveness detection. In the algorithm, these platforms cannot effectively deal with Deepfake attacks. Therefore, an integrated live detection method Integranet was proposed, which was obtained by integrating four detection algorithms for different image features. It could effectively detect traditional attack methods such as printed photos and screen remakes. It could also effectively detect against advanced Deepfake attacks. The detection effect of Integranet was verified on the test data set. The results show that the detection success rate of Deepfake images by proposed Integranet detection method is at least 35% higher than that of major commercial live detection platforms.

Background: As the global elderly population rises, providing quality care for older adults is increasingly challenging. Rehabilitation technicians are crucial in this effort. Their knowledge and attitudes significantly impact care quality and their willingness to work with the elderly. While many studies have examined healthcare professionals' attitudes toward older adults, few focus on rehabilitation students. This study assesses Chinese rehabilitation students' knowledge of aging, attitudes toward older individuals, willingness to care for them, and the factors influencing these aspects. Methods: A sample of 890 rehabilitation students from three colleges and universities in southwestern China was investigated with a self-administered questionnaire, which included socio-demographic information, the Palmore Facts on Aging Quiz, the Kogan's Attitude towards Older People Scale and the Chinese Version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive statistics were used to illustrate the demographic characteristics of the respondents. The frequency and percentage of responses was calculated. Means and standard deviations were computed for general knowledge of aging, attitudes toward older people, and empathy. Independent t-tests and one-way ANOVA assessed differences in FAQ, KAOP, and IRI-C scores between groups. Pearson's correlation examined correlations among general knowledge of aging, attitudes toward older people and empathy ability. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests compared willingness to engage in geriatric rehabilitation across different respondent characteristics. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis explored the independent effect of different variables on attitudes toward older people. Results: The Chinese rehabilitation students from three colleges and universities in southwestern China displayed a relatively low level of knowledge about aging, but a generally positive attitude towards older people. Females had significantly more positive attitudes toward older people than males(p<0.01). The students who had previous experience of being cared for by (maternal) grandparents, living with the elderly, and taking care of the elderly showed significantly more positive attitudes toward older people (p = 0.001, 0.007 and 0.007, respectively) and a significantly stronger willingness to engage in geriatric rehabilitation(p = 0.013, <0.01 and <0.01, respectively) than those who had not had these experiences. Students with good relationships with older people had more positive attitudes toward the elderly (p < 0.01) and greater willingness to engage in geriatric rehabilitation (p < 0.01). Those with frequent contact with the elderly also showed more positive attitudes (p < 0.01) and a stronger willingness to engage in geriatric rehabilitation (p = 0.002) compared to those with less contact. Knowledge of aging and empathy ability were both significantly positively related to attitudes toward older people and both independent predictors of attitudes toward older people(r = 0.143, p<0.01 and r = 0.337, p<0.01). Conclusions: It is crucial to prepare rehabilitation students with adequate knowledge and positive attitudes to ensure the quality of rehabilitation and care provided to older people. Educators should adopt effective strategies to promote rehabilitation students' geriatric rehabilitation knowledge and increase their positive attitudes toward older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring efficient and easily implementable prenatal screening strategies aims at birth defect prevention and control. However, there have been limited economic evaluations of non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) strategies in China. Furthermore, these studies were predominantly confined to local or geographically proximate provinces and lacked universality and representativeness. This study assesses the health economics of current prenatal screening strategies and NIPS as first-line screening programs, analyzing their efficacy to determine an optimal strategy. From the perspective of health economics, cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, and single-factor sensitivity were conducted for five different screening strategies using a decision tree model. Among pregnant women aged < 35 years who underwent only one screening for foetal Down syndrome (DS), the detection rate, false positive rate and positive predictive value of NIPS for foetuses with DS were superior to those of the other four serological screening methods. Although applying NIPS as first-line screening method yields the highest efficacy and benefits, it currently lacks cost-effectiveness when compared to serological screening and sequential NIPS screening strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sirolimus is increasingly utilized in treating diseases associated with mTOR pathway overactivation. Despite its potential, the lack of evidence regarding its long-term safety across all age groups, particularly in pediatric patients, has limited its further application. This study aims to assess the long-term safety of sirolimus, with a specific focus on its impact on growth patterns in pediatric patients. Methods: This pooled analysis inlcudes two prospective cohort studies spanning 10 years, including 1,738 participants (aged 5 days to 69 years) diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis and/or lymphangioleiomyomatosis. All participants were mTOR inhibitor-naive and received 1 mg/m²/day of sirolimus, with dose adjustments during a two-week titration period to maintain trough blood concentrations between 5 and 10 ng/ml (maximum dose 2 mg). Indicators of physical growth, hematopoietic, liver, renal function, and blood lipid levels were all primary outcomes and were analyzed. The adverse events and related management were also recorded. Results: Sirolimus administration did not lead to deviations from normal growth ranges, but higher doses exhibited a positive association with Z-scores exceeding 2 SD in height, weight, and BMI. Transient elevations in red blood cell and white blood cell counts, along with hyperlipidemia, were primarily observed within the first year of treatment. Other measured parameters remained largely unchanged, displaying only weak correlations with drug use. Stomatitis is the most common adverse event (920/1738, 52.9%). In adult females, menstrual disorders were observed in 48.5% (112/217). Conclusions: Sirolimus's long-term administration is not associated with adverse effects on children's physical growth pattern, nor significant alterations in hematopoietic, liver, renal function, or lipid levels. A potential dose-dependent influence on growth merits further exploration. Trial registration: Pediatric patients: Chinese clinical trial registry, No. ChiCTR-OOB-15,006,535. Adult patients: ClinicalTrials, No. NCT03193892. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we calculated the different forms of BaTiO3/BiCoO3 composite structure, predicting their visible light absorption performance based on the electronic structure using the first principles calculations. Firstly, six possible compounds that come from BaTiO3 and BiCoO3 were constructed. By calculating the different antiferromagnetic (AFM) structures of strip, columnar, and layered composite structures, it is found that the ground state of the composite structure changes to G‐type AFM structure from C‐type AFM structure of pure BiCoO3 under the influence of BaTiO3. Energy band calculations show that band gaps of three composite structures are smaller than those of pure BaTiO3 and pure BiCoO3. Furthermore, density of states analysis shows that the conduction band minimum (CBM) and valence band maximum (VBM) of three composite structures are mainly from the contribution of Co 3d and O 2p. For the characteristic that CBM and VBM of materials come from different atoms, it would reduce the recombination opportunities of electrons and holes and is conducive to the increase of photoelectric conversion efficiency under visible light irradiation. The calculation of optical properties shows that optical absorption coefficients of three composite structures are much larger than that of BaTiO3, especially the layered composite structure. There is a high absorption peak near 500 nm of the solar spectral irradiation maximum, which is significantly important to improve the optical energy conversion efficiency of the composite materials. The work provides an effective way for the application of wide band gap ferroelectric materials in ferroelectric photovoltaic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we calculated the different forms of BaTiO3/BiCoO3 composite structure, predicting their visible light absorption performance based on the electronic structure using the first principles calculations. Firstly, six possible compounds that come from BaTiO3 and BiCoO3 were constructed. By calculating the different antiferromagnetic (AFM) structures of strip, columnar, and layered composite structures, it is found that the ground state of the composite structure changes to G‐type AFM structure from C‐type AFM structure of pure BiCoO3 under the influence of BaTiO3. Energy band calculations show that band gaps of three composite structures are smaller than those of pure BaTiO3 and pure BiCoO3. Furthermore, density of states analysis shows that the conduction band minimum (CBM) and valence band maximum (VBM) of three composite structures are mainly from the contribution of Co 3d and O 2p. For the characteristic that CBM and VBM of materials come from different atoms, it would reduce the recombination opportunities of electrons and holes and is conducive to the increase of photoelectric conversion efficiency under visible light irradiation. The calculation of optical properties shows that optical absorption coefficients of three composite structures are much larger than that of BaTiO3, especially the layered composite structure. There is a high absorption peak near 500 nm of the solar spectral irradiation maximum, which is significantly important to improve the optical energy conversion efficiency of the composite materials. The work provides an effective way for the application of wide band gap ferroelectric materials in ferroelectric photovoltaic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]