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Importance: Occupational therapists often address financial occupations of clients with acquired functional impairments who experience challenges with financial capability (FC). Objective: To explore the intervention literature aimed at improving FC in five diagnostic adult populations. Data Sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, EconLit, and EMBASE; researchers also completed backward and forward citation searching and contacted expert authors. Study Selection and Data Collection: Two independent reviewers completed article screening, selection, and extraction using a scoping review approach; a priori inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles, written in English, involving adults with one of five diagnostic conditions, describing any intervention to improve FC. Findings: Twenty-four articles met the inclusion criteria. Most articles were aimed at substance use or mental health populations (n = 20); fewer focused on brain injury (n = 2), multiple sclerosis (n = 1), or mixed-diagnosis (n = 1) populations. Only 4 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Interventions were heterogeneous and complex, including components of skills training (n = 21), individualized budgeting (n = 18), representative payeeship (n = 11), education (n = 10), structured goal setting (n = 7), savings building (n = 5), metacognitive strategies (n = 2), and assistive technology (n = 1). Conclusions and Relevance: Despite growth in the area, the literature regarding FC intervention is limited, with few RCTs and many populations unrepresented. The literature for a systematic review of FC intervention efficacy for these populations is insufficient, particularly because included studies used varied components, limiting comparison. Further research is imperative to guide evidence-based practice. Plain-Language Summary: This study is an overview of literature about interventions to address the financial occupations of clients with acquired functional impairments. The findings give occupational therapy researchers and clinicians the information they need to begin analyzing, using, and building the evidence to support the use of interventions to improve clients' financial capability and well-being. This study provides an overview of literature regarding interventions to improve the financial capability of clients with acquired functional impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of sonographic assessment of fetal occiput position before operative vaginal delivery to decrease the number of failed operative vaginal deliveries.Data Sources: The search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrial.gov, Ovid, and Cochrane Library as electronic databases from the inception of each database to April 2021. No restrictions for language or geographic location were applied.Study Eligibility Criteria: Selection criteria included randomized controlled trails of pregnant women randomized to either sonographic or clinical digital diagnosis of fetal occiput position during the second stage of labor before operative vaginal delivery.Methods: The primary outcome was failed operative vaginal delivery, defined as a failed fetal operative vaginal delivery (vacuum or forceps) extraction requiring a cesarean delivery or forceps after failed vacuum. The summary measures were reported as relative risks or as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals using the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird. An I2 (Higgins I2) >0% was used to identify heterogeneity.Results: A total of 4 randomized controlled trials including 1007 women with singleton, term, cephalic fetuses randomized to either the sonographic (n=484) or clinical digital (n=523) diagnosis of occiput position during the second stage of labor before operative vaginal delivery were included. Before operative vaginal delivery, fetal occiput position was diagnosed as anterior in 63.5% of the sonographic diagnosis group vs 69.5% in the clinical digital diagnosis group (P=.04). There was no significant difference in the rate of failed operative vaginal deliveries between the sonographic and clinical diagnosis of occiput position groups (9.9% vs 8.2%; relative risk, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-1.68). Women randomized to sonographic diagnosis of occiput position had a significantly lower rate of occiput position discordance between the evaluation before operative vaginal delivery and the at birth evaluation when compared with those randomized to the clinical diagnosis group (2.3% vs 17.7%; relative risk, 0.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.74; P=.02). There were no significant differences in any of the other secondary obstetrical and perinatal outcomes assessed.Conclusion: Sonographic knowledge of occiput position before operative vaginal delivery does not seem to have an effect on the incidence of failed operative vaginal deliveries despite better sonographic accuracy in the occiput position diagnosis when compared with clinical assessment. Future studies should evaluate how a more accurate sonographic diagnosis of occiput position or other parameters can lead to a safer and more effective operative vaginal delivery technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore literature concerning interventions aimed at improving financial capability (FC) in diagnostic populations that have documented challenges with FC including individuals living with brain injury, mental health conditions, mild cognitive impairment/dementia, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and multiple sclerosis. With librarian consultation, researchers searched five databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsychInfo, EconLit, EMBASE), completed backward and forward citation searching, and contacted expert authors. Two independent reviewers completed title/abstract screening and full article selection using online review software. A priori inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed, written in English, involved adults with aforementioned diagnoses, and described any intervention regarding FC. Two independent reviewers extracted data using a piloted extraction form. Reviewers created an inclusive model to categorize intervention components across selected articles. Database searching identified 7063 titles, and reviewers included 24 articles published between 1981-2018. Most articles were aimed at individuals with substance use and/or mental health conditions (n=20); less in other diagnoses (brain injury (n=2), multiple sclerosis (n=1) and mixed diagnoses (n=1). Articles included only four randomized control trials (RCTs); with more case series/cohort design studies (n=6), or opinion/editorial articles (n=4). Others were intervention frameworks, case studies or qualitative (n=10). Interventions discussed were heterogenous and complex, including components of education (n=10), skills training (n=21), individualized budgeting (n=18), metacognitive strategies (n=2), structured goal setting (n=7), savings building (n=5), representative payeeship (n=11), and assistive technology (n=1). Despite FC being a common goal in rehabilitation, there is insufficient literature to review and appraise FC intervention efficacy in these select populations. There is limited literature overall, with very few RCTs and many populations having zero to two articles. The interventions described have varied components that limits inter-article comparison. The literature provides possible intervention options, but further research is imperative to guide evidence-based rehabilitation practice. Authors do not have any conflicts to disclose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since February 2021 active screening of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has been implemented in our institution., Objectives: To evaluate CAPA incidence in our centre and evaluate performance of our screening protocol., Methods: We screened once per week, collecting endotracheal aspirates for fungal culture and galactomannan (GM) and serum for 1,3-ß-D-glucan (BG). In case of positivity (GM more than 4.5, platelia assay, and/or BG >7 pg/ml, wako and/or positive fungal culture), second-level investigations were performed to pursue CAPA diagnosis according to ECMM/ISHAM criteria: bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fungal culture and GM, chest computed tomography (CT), serum GM., Results: A total of 102 patients were screened (median age 64 years, range 39-79; 28 (27.4%) females). Twenty-two patients were diagnosed with CAPA (21%). 12 patients were positive for serum BG, 17 patients were positive for endotracheal aspirates GM and 27 patients were positive for endotracheal aspirates fungal culture. Thirty-two BALs were performed, and 26 patients underwent CT chest. Following the second level investigations 61% of the patients with positive screening tests were diagnosed with CAPA. Serum BG above 20 pg/ml or positive serum GM were always associated with typical CT chest signs of aspergillosis. Compared with 1 single positive test, having 2 positive screening test was significantly more associated with CAPA diagnosis (p = .0004)., Conclusions: Active CAPA screening with serum 1,3-ß-D-glucan and endotracheal aspirates galactomannan and fungal cultures and consequent second level investigations led to high number of CAPA diagnosis. Combining more positive fungal biomarkers was more predictive of CAPA diagnosis., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)