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近年、教育、研究につづく、大学の第3の機能としての地域貢献に注目があつまっている。一方、コロナ禍のため、ニューノーマル型の生活様式となり、大学等の教育全般にわたり大きな影響が生じている。本研究では、このようなニューノーマルの生活様式化で、……

A newly discovered site at Shangshan in the Lower Yangzi River region has revealed the oldest open-air sedentary village and domesticated rice in south China.

This study was carried out to test the effect of vacuum and open-air storage on seed germination, oil content, and sugar contents of four pepper cultivars. Seeds were stored at 13°C with 35% relative humidity over 48 months in vacuum packets or in perforated cheese cloth in a storage room. Seed samples were examined at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months. Seed germination, oil content and sugar contents were determined. Seed germination declined gradually as storage time extended. Vacuum storage had significantly higher (P

In the literature, the drying mechanism were generally analyzed in terms of effective diffusivity through the pseudo first order diffusion model. This process was revisited through the modified Peleg model, assuming the drying as a moisture desorption versus drying time. The leaves of Corymbia citriodora acclimatized in the Congo Brazzaville “Plateau des Cataractes” were dried in open air and under shade thanks to a domestic scale of essential oil production. One obtains following model parameters: kinetic constant k1: 0.8555 - 2.1355 d.(g/g)-1, extraction capacity constant K2: 1.5255 - 1.8733 (g/g)-1; end equilibrium moisture X∞ = 0.53 - 0.66 g/g. and first order drying kinetic constant k = K2/k1: 1.71 - 1.78 d-1. Pseudo first order diffusion model fits experimental data with k = 0.368 - 0.587 d-1 and t1/2 = 1,18 - 1,88 d.. These results needed for the optimization of proccess and sizing equipments came from a fast graphic data processing, with low computer inputs.

A new and practical protocol for the synthesis of medicinally privileged azolo[1,3,5]triazines by simply heating under air has been presented. The in situ generated N-azolo amidines from commercially available aromatic aldehydes and 3-aminoazoles with ammonium iodide undergo the second diamination to accomplish the [3 + 1 + 1 + 1] heteroannulation reaction. This convenient process is appreciated by high efficiency, broad substrate scope, gram-scale synthesis, and operational simplicity under reagent-free conditions.

The Kayutangan Corridor is one of the areas in Malang that holds many historical values, namely as a shopping center in the Dutch colonial era. However, the glory and history of kayutangan began to fade with the times. This research's general objective is to provide a design proposal for the Kayutangan corridor that can present historical stories of the buildings along the corridor, such as an open-air museum, with the building as its object. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research with a signage theory approach. The final result of this study is the proposed signage and pedestrian design in the Kayutangan corridor.

Aims: Flies are known to spread antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), especially from farms to cities; but they may also play a role in the intra-urban dispersion of ARB, in conjunction with poor sanitary conditions. Here, we characterized gram-negative ARB isolated from urban flies (Lucilia and Sarcophaga spp.), and the co-relation with the periodic installation of two open-air markets in Mexico City. Methodology: Forty-two flies were individually captured, and 116 gram-negatives (68 of them Escherichia coli) were isolated from them. Resistance prevalence, and the presence of class 1 integrons was assessed. Results: The isolates were resistant to an average of 2.26 antibiotics (2.6 for E. coli), and 33% of E. coli isolates carried the intI1 gene. Thirteen percent of E. coli isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), all of them CTX-M, alone or, mostly, along TEM enzymes. Comparing data from market-free days vs. days when open-air markets were installed, the average number of resistance phenotypes per E. coli isolate went from 2.14 to 3.09; the number of resistance phenotypes per fly from 4.62 to 8.88; the average number of resistances per isolate per fly from 1.25 to 2.43; and the ESBL-producing carriage rate per fly from 0.08 to 0.38, respectively (P

Dry fruits and nuts are nutritious foods with several health-promoting properties. However, they are prone to contamination with aflatoxins at all stages of production and storage. The present study aimed to determine the natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), and total aflatoxins (AFT) in dates, pistachios, and walnuts collected from four districts of South Punjab (Pakistan), and to assess the associated health risks as estimated by dietary exposure and the Margin of Exposure (MoE) determinations. The contents of AFB1 and AFT in these food products were monitored during storage under three different conditions (open-air, hermetically closed jars, and refrigeration at 4 °C) to determine the most efficient conditions in preventing aflatoxin accumulation. HPLC-fluorescence analysis of 60 samples of these products for aflatoxin contamination showed that 52 (86.7%) samples were contaminated at different levels, with a maximum of 24.2 ng/g. The overall (all samples) mean concentrations of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, and AFT were 3.39 ± 2.96, 1.39 ± 1.68, 1.63 ± 1.48. 1.12 ± 1.23, and 7.54 ± 6.68, respectively. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and MoE of aflatoxins through the consumption of the products ranged from 0.06 ng/kg bw/day to 2.0 ng/kg bw/day and from 84.84 to 2857.13, respectively, indicating that consumers are at high health risk. Significant differences were recorded between aflatoxin levels in the samples stored under different storage conditions, with storage under refrigeration (4 °C) being the most effective in controlling aflatoxin accumulation, although storage in closed jars was also efficient and offers a more flexible alternative to retailers. The findings of the study urge official authorities of Pakistan to implement appropriate regulatory and control measures and surveillance program to alleviate the potential public health risks associated with the consumption of dry fruits and nuts in the scope of their increased consumption.

Herein we show the versatility of coordination chemistry to design and expand a family of 2D materials by incorporating F groups at the surface of the layers. Through the use of a prefuntionalized organic linker with F groups, it is possible to achieve a layered magnetic material based on Fe(ii) centers that are chemically stable in open air, contrary to the known 2D inorganic magnetic materials. The high quality of the single crystals and their robustness allow to fabricate 2D molecular materials by micromechanical exfoliation, preserving the crystalline nature of these layers together with the desired functionalization., This work has been supported by the EU (ERC Advanced Grant MOL-2D 788222 and ERC Consolidator Grant S-CAGE 724681), grants PID2020-117177GB-I00, PID2020-117152RB-I00 and CEX2019-000919-M, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO program, IDIFEDER/2018/061 and iDiFEDER/2020/063). J. L.-C. acknowledges the Universitat de València for an “Atracció de Talent” fellowship.

Background As much as local communities have employed traditional techniques of preservation to enhance availability and utilization of cowpea leaves, the efficiency of these techniques in achieving food security need to be established. The current study sought to document trends and constraints of utilization of preserved cowpea leaves in the arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) in order to overcome of seasonal availability of the vegetable. Method A mixed method convergent design that included household survey of randomly sampled cowpea producing households and focus group discussion and key informant interviews with stakeholders in the ASAL areas of Kitui and Taita Taveta Counties of Kenya was conducted. Results The study found that the utilization of preserved forms of cowpea leaves in the in-season was by 58% of the respondents. Three quarters (73.6%) of the households could not get the vegetables from their own sources during scarcity, whereas 25% did not consume the vegetables at all at such times. The preserved forms of the vegetables was utilized among 24.0% of the households, with significantly (p Conclusion In conclusion, the preserved forms of cowpea leaves promoted availability of the vegetable especially in the dry seasons. In as much as there is limited practising of preservation of the vegetables, its availability is enhanced through dehydration and other value-addition techniques among a significant number of the households.

Hatis-1 is a Lower Paleolithic open-air site on the Hrazdan-Kotayk Plateau of central Armenia. Although the site was tested in the 1980s, little has been published regarding the material. Consequently, we reinvestigated the site by expanding the original test pit to better understand the stratigraphy and recover a new sample of artifacts. As a result, more than 300 obsidian artifacts were recovered from colluvial deposits found close to primary obsidian outcrops, which sourcing data show to be the exclusive areas of toolstone procurement used by the inhabitants. The recovered assemblages are Late Acheulian in character and are largely homogenous across strata in terms of techno-typology. Hatis-1 records the use of large flakes for production of cores and tools indicative of the Large Flake Acheulian, but also contains limited evidence for simple prepared cores and the recycling of bifaces as cores, suggesting expansion of the technological repertoire of hominins in this region during the Late Acheulian. The in-depth study of large cutting tools presented here reveals that differences in the shape and typology of these tools are largely determined by different production strategies. While samples suitable for direct chronometric dates were not recovered, constraining geological factors suggest this material was deposited after c.700/480 ka. This study expands our understanding of the Late Acheulian and further contextualizes the later Lower–Middle Paleolithic technological transition in the region. In a broader sense, our interpretation of the techno-typological patterns at Hatis-1 expands the current understanding of geographical and chronological variation in the Acheulian record.

L’objectiu del document es esbossar les circumstancies de l’establiment de la galeria d’escultures de Łodź al carrero de Rubinstein (anteriorment: Aleja ZMP) i el seu impacte en l’estetica de Łodź. Tot i la historia de la ciutat que es remunta a principis del segle XV, la primera escultura de ple dret a l’espai public nomes va apareixer el 1912. Al comencament de la Segona Guerra Mundial, el nombre d’escultures va augmentar fins a una dotzena aproximadament, pero totes aquestes obres van ser destruides pels alemanys en els primers anys de l’ocupacio. En el periode 1945-1970, van apareixer dos monuments i una dotzena de formes mes petites. La cara escultorica de la ciutat nomes va ser canviada per la Galeria d’escultures de Łodź, que es va centrar en els temes mes importants de l’urbanisme de la postguerra, la politica, les tendencies artistiques i les necessitats socials. Tot i el seu curt periode de funcionament (1972-1978), els seus efectes encara son visibles a gairebe tot arreu a Łodź. Mai abans ni mai despres s’havia estetitzat el mitja de l’escultura a tal escala a la ciutat. El record d’aquest lloc i de diverses desenes d’escultures (i dels seus creadors) gairebe s’ha esvait. Actualment, s’estan realitzant activitats per restaurar la galeria d’escultures de Łodź a la seva posicio deguda en la historia de la ciutat i continuar les seves activitats al mateix lloc.

The accurate estimation of leaf photosynthetic pigments concentration is crucial to check the plant´s health. Traditional methods of measuring photosynthetic pigments involve complex procedures of solvent extraction followed by spectrophotometric determinations. Portable plant instruments such as Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) meters can facilitate this task for the speed and simplicity of the measures. The relationship between chlorophyll index obtained by SPAD-502 and pigment concentration in several ornamental species can help in the management of ornamental plant production. Two trials have been carried out in two different growing seasons (spring and summer) and facilities (greenhouse and open air), involving 30 ornamental species. There was a high linear relationship between concentrations of Chla and Chlb, as well as between Chlt and Ct in different species studied under greenhouse and open field conditions. The ratio between Chla and Chlb was higher at open field conditions and similar between Chlt and Ct. There was also a good relationship between Chlorophyll index and Chlt under both growing conditions, as well as between Chlorophyll index and Ct under greenhouse conditions. However, linear relationships with different slopes were observed for groups of species at open field conditions.

Parks and green spaces are desirable destinations for diverse reasons including exercising, playing, relaxing, and socializing. In this paper, we demonstrate that simultaneously considering number of parks, surface area and type of activity provides an improved understanding of walking accessibility to parks in urban areas. Using open datasets and a configurable tool, we find that in Montreal, 95% of the population have access to three or more parks, 83% can access 3 or more playgrounds, and 10% can access 3 or more open air activities within a 1 km walk. The accessible surface area varies considerably across the region. The tool reveals distinct patterns that better reflect the diversity of needs and uncovering specific inequalities, and can therefore contribute to improved decision-making.

Over a period of 12 months, the fate of three hormones, 12 antibiotics and 30 pharmaceutically active substances (PhACs) was investigated during open-air storage without and with composting of anaerobically digested and dewatered sewage sludge. The effect of oxidation conditions during storage on degradation of hormones and PhACs in the sludge biomass was also examined. Under summer and winter conditions in Uppsala County, Sweden. two field-scale sludge windrows were constructed: open-air storage of sewage sludge windrow without composting (NO-COM)) and open-air storage windrow with composting (COM). NO-COM achieved effective removal of Sigma Hormones (85%) and Sigma Antibiotics (95%), but lower removal of Sigma PhACs (34%), during the study year. The top layers of the sludge pile had significantly lower concentrations of Sigma PhACs (3100-5100 ng/g ash) than deeper layers (8000-11,000 ng/g ash). After one year of composting, the degradation in the COM windrow resulted in concentrations of Sigma Hormones (

This study investigates the effect of the contact size and the gross-slip sliding amplitude on the fretting wear rate of a steel flat-on-flat interface. Results confirm an asymptotic decrease of the wear rate with the contact size. This evolution is induced by an easier oxygen access to the interface favoring abrasive wear according to the Contact Oxygenation Concept (COC) and by a faster ejection of the protective debris particles from the interface according to the Third Body Theory (TBT). To decouple these COC and TBT contributions, the effect of the sliding amplitude and the contact orientation with respect to the sliding direction is assessed using an original macro-texturation test strategy. Wear rate evolutions as well as SEM-EDX fretting scar analyses suggested that COC is mainly driven by the minimum distance between the contact center and the open air contact edges ( L COC ), whereas TBT wear process is chiefly controlled by the ratio of the collinear contact length to the sliding amplitude ( L TBT / δ g ). Assuming a weighted influence of the contact oxygenation process on the TBT wear process, a simple power-law formulation is introduced to quantify the contact size effect on the energy wear rate fluctuation. A very good correlation with the experiments confirms the stability of the proposal.

The Humidification Dehumidification (HDH) desalination system is a promising method for production of potable water in isolated locations. Among different component constituting the HDH desalination system, humidifier and its packing are paramount factors in determining system productivity. Several experimental investigations were conducted to study the influence of packing on humidifier performance. However, numerical analysis dealing with performance of humidifier packing is still not available. Such an investigation will be useful to select the optimized packing for a humidifier. In the present work, performance analyses of 15 different types of random packing have been carried out using Scilab software. From this study, it is concluded that metal packing with highest surface area to volume ratio, lowest packing factor and smallest packing diameter functions as the best humidifier packing. Experimental study was also conducted in a pilot plant of open air open water HDH cycle using pall ring 25 mm diameter metal packing, which has shown the highest performance index in the numerical study. Experimental results obtained were found to be in agreement with the numerical results. Present work is a useful tool in designing new packing material of desired properties since the packing performance is a strong function of its geometrical properties.

Acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling (ADC) of alcohols and water/hydroxides is an emergent and graceful approach to produce carboxylic acids. Therefore, it is of high demand to develop active and practical catalysts/catalytic systems for this attractive transformation. Herein, we designed and fabricated a series of cyclometallated N-heterocyclic carbene-Ru (NHC-Ru) complexes via ligand tuning of [Ru-1], the superior complex in our previous work. Gratifyingly, gram-scale synthesis of carboxylic acids was efficiently enabled at an ultralow Ru loading (62.5 ppm) in open air. Moreover, effects of distinct ancillary NHC ligands and other parameters on this catalytic process were thoroughly studied, while further systematic studies were carried out to provide rationales for the activity trend of [Ru-1]-[Ru-7]. Finally, determination of quantitative green metrics illustrated that the present work exhibited superiority over representative literature reports. Hopefully, this study could provide valuable input for researchers who are engaging in metal-catalyzed ADC reactions.

This research investigated an effective closed system containing orange oil to inhibit important mold growth, delay weight loss, protect salacca color and extend the shelf-life of salacca fruit in 1L box during storage at 28 ± 2 °C for 28 days under different conditions, including open-air, closed system conditions, and closed system conditions containing 1 mL of each an emulsion of orange oil at 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16% ww−1. Sensory evaluation was carried out using the 9-point hedonic scale. The action mechanism of storage systems on salacca preservation was investigated in terms of limonene, gas composition, ethylene content, and pigments revealing salacca color were examined. The results indicated the closed system containing orange oil at 0.08% was the most effective compared to the open-air system and control closed system without orange oil. Orange oil could inhibit mold growth on salacca, delay weight loss, maintain redness of salacca fruit with high sensory acceptance (color, flavor, and taste) and delay senescence. The closed system with orange oil could extend the salacca shelf life from 10 days (control open air) to at least 28 days. The mode of action's key main factor was that the closed system offered higher CO2 and lower O2 contents required to maintain pigments related to salacca color in the salacca skin. Limonene was the main factor delaying the growth of mold during storage in a closed system. Consequently, to extend the saleable period of salacca at ambient temperature, the application of a closed system containing orange oil at an optimum ratio is an alternative approach.

As a novel instrument for measuring absolute gravity, the atom gravimeter has shown high sensitivity and stability in the past three decades. In this work, we report a car-based portable atom gravimeter whose sensitivity is at the level of 1.9mGal/Hz (1 Gal = 0.01 m/s2) both for lab and outdoor measurements. Its resolution can reach 30 μGal within an integration time of 10 000 s when located in a quiet place. During four months of gravity observation, there is no drift for the measurement result, showing that this car-based gravimeter has a competitive advantage at long term stability. By using this car-based atom gravimeter in the open air, the field gravity measurements with sub-mGal performance have been demonstrated in the mountain gravity survey. According to the gravity measurement results from our car-based atom gravimeter, the density distribution of this mountain is inverted, which is consistent with the result from the geological exploration.

Thin copper films with thickness ∼28 nm deposited on SiO2 substrate with the vacuum electron beam evaporation method and treated by UV-ozone are studied. It was found that a UV-ozone treatment of the copper film causes rapid formation of the thin ∼3-4 nm oxide film. XPS analysis showed that CuO oxide predominates in this film. The formed oxide film effectively protects the copper against the following oxidation. The presented method of UV-ozone treatment is a simpler and cheaper approach compared to many other ways to form protective coatings of copper to preserve its functional properties. This method can be useful in nanoelectronic, nanooptical, and biosensors applications.