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Background: Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with multifactorial cause. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) perform an essential role in gene regulation, and there is ongoing research in their contribution to autoimmune diseases. Aim of the work: To determine expression levels and diagnostic value of Theiler's Murine Encephalitis Virus Possible Gene1 (TMEVPG1) and TNFα and hnRNPL related immunoregulatory long non-coding RNA (THRIL) in BD, and to assess their role in the clinical characteristics of BD and disease activity. Patients and methods: Study included 30 BD patients (12 females and 18 males) and 30 matched controls. Expression levels of TMEVPG1 and THRIL were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The mean age of patients was 37.5 ± 11.3 years and disease duration was 7.7 ± 6 years. Expression levels of TMEVPG1 and THRIL were upregulated significantly in serum of patients compared with controls (set as 1). TMEVPG1 fold change = 3.0 with interquartile range (0.2–546.9) (p

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a universal health problem responsible for 8.2% of all cancer deaths. Numerous risk factors were documented to be contributed to HCC development with viral hepatitis C ranking as the major predisposing factor in Egypt. The presence of a detectable amount of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the circulation is linked to the development and spread of tumors. LncRNAs NBAT-1 and FOXCUT expression levels were used as genetic markers for the detection of gastrointestinal tract cancers. We hypothesized that serum expression levels of NBAT-1 and FOXCUT are new biomarkers for HCC that are related to laboratory and pathological markers.This study included 165 hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC Egyptian patients, 180 HCV-infected noncancer patients, and 180 healthy controls, the serum expression levels of NBAT-1 and FOXCUT were measured by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.This study's results include that medians (inter-quartile range [IQRs]) of NBAT-1 in HCC and HCV patients were (1.9 [0.87-4.94], 10.01 [7.34-13.29] respectively) which exhibited significantly higher expression than controls, while the medians (IQRs) of FOXCUT in HCC and HCV patients were (0.15 [0.04-0.52], 6.42 [2.49-10.10], respectively) that exhibited significantly lower expression than controls regarding HCC patients but significantly higher expression than controls regarding HCV patients. In comparing serum fold changes of NBAT-1 and FOXCUT between HCC patients and HCV patients; we obtained significantly higher levels of target genes in HCV patients (p 0.001) than in HCC patients. Also, a positive correlation was detected between NBAT-1 and FOXCUT in HCC group (r = 0.262, p = 0.001) and in HCV group (r = 0.937, p 0.001). Higher serum NBAT-1 and FOXCUT were significantly associated with better clinical and laboratory data of the disease. Multivariate regression analysis showed that FOXCUT was an independent predictor for HCC among HCV patients (p 0.001).Our study cited that NBAT-1 and FOXCUT could be considered new diagnostic serum biomarkers for HCC on top of HCV.

Background: Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic autoimmune disease. The early diagnosis of BD is very important to avoid serious and/or fatal complications such as eye damage, severe neurological involvement, and large vessel occlusion. New, sensitive biomarkers would aid in rapid diagnosis, the monitoring of disease activity, and the response to treatment.Methods: This study’s aim is to identify two immune system-related BD biomarkers. We measured long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) NEAT1 (nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1), and lnc-DC (lncRNA in dendritic cells) in serum by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 52 BD patients and 52 controls. We analyzed the association between NEAT1 and lnc-DC and the clinical parameters of BD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to explore the diagnostic performance of the studied genes.Results: Compared to controls, the significant upregulation of NEAT1 {median [interquartile range (IQR)] = 1.68 (0.38–7.7), p < 0.0001} and downregulation of lnc-DC [median (IQR) = 0.2 (0.12–1.39), p = 0.03] were detected in the sera collected from BD patients. Higher serum expression levels of NEAT1 and lnc-DC were significantly associated with the following clinical presentations: cutaneous lesions, vascular manifestations, articular manifestations, neurological manifestations, and higher disease activity score. Also, high NEAT1 levels were significantly associated with a negative pathergy test, while higher lnc-DC was significantly associated with a positive family history. ROC curves showed that NEAT1 and lnc-DC levels in serum could be used as predictors of BD with high specificity and fair sensitivity. NEAT1 had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.692 (95% CI: 0.591–0.794, p = 0.001), and lnc-DC had an AUC of 0.615 (95% CI: 0.508–0.723, p = 0.043).Conclusion: Serum lncRNAs NEAT1 and lnc-DC are biomarkers for BD.

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) are immune inhibitory factors that provide inhibitory signals to T cells.A case-controlled genetic association study was conducted in478 patients (160 patients with chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and diabetes mellitus (DM) and156 patients with chronic HCV without DM) and162healthy controls. We genotyped selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs10204525 and rs231775using real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Our study revealed thatthers10204525 CT genotype was significantly associated with a high susceptibility to chronic HCV infection and to HCV+DM (adjusted odds ratio (OR)7.531, 95% confidence interval (CI):4.099-13.836, P 0.0001 and adjusted OR 7.791, 95% CI:4.244-14.303, P 0.0001, respectively).In addition, the frequency of CT+TT genotypes versus the CC genotype and the T allele versus the C allele were elevated in non-responder patients to antiviral therapy compared with responder patients (P 0.0001) in HCV group. For rs231775,the AG genotype was significantly associated with a high susceptibility to chronic HCV infection and HCV infection with DM (adjusted OR 5.124,95% CI:3.150-8.334, P 0.0001 and adjusted OR 20.594, 95% CI:11.026-38.467, P 0.0001, respectively).Furthermore, the frequency of AG+GG genotypes versus the CC genotype and the G allele versus the A allele was elevated in non-responder patients to antiviral therapy when compared with responder patients in the HCV and HCV+DM groups(P 0.05).Both rs10204525 and rs231775 are associated with a risk of chronic HCV, with or without DM.