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Background. More than 80 % of cases ovarian cancer are detected at stage III–IV. One of the most important predictive factors is the cytoreductive surgery without residual tumor. Aim. To determine the selection criteria for cytoreductive surgery in the advanced ovarian cancer patients. Materials and methods. The study included 190 primary IIB–IV stage ovarian cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment in the oncogynecological department of the N. N. Petrov NMRC on Oncology in the period from August 2017 to August 2020. All patients underwent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, chest and abdominal computed tomography, and diagnostic laparoscopy. Assessment of the peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) was performed according to P. Sugarbaker. The outcome of cytoreductive surgery was determined by the size of the residual tumor: complete – without a macroscopically detectable tumor, optimal – residual tumor ≤1 cm, suboptimal – residual tumor ≥1 cm. Results. The complete or optimal cytoreduction achieved in 72.6 % of cases (48.9 % (93 / 190) and 23.7 % (45 / 190), respectively), suboptimal in 22 % (42 / 190) of cases, 5 % (10 / 190) only a diagnostic laparoscopy due to the initial underestimation of the tumor dissemination. In the entire sample PCI value ranged from 0 to 35 points, the median was 4 points (2; 11). In the group of optimal cytoreductions PCI ranged from 0 to 19 points, median – 3 points (2; 6), in the group of suboptimal from 5 to 35 points, median – 19.5 points (15; 23) (p < 0.0001, Mann–Whitney test). No optimal cytoreduction was performed in PCI >20 points. The optimal cut-off PCI point was 9.5 points (sensitivity 92.1 %, specificity 86.2 %, overall accuracy 87.4 %), if PCI ≤ 9 points – the operation will be hypothetically optimal, if PCI ≥ 10 then hypothetically suboptimal. The main cause of non-optimal interventions (n = 52) were: diffuse carcinomatosis of the small bowel and its mesentery – 73 % (38 / 52), carcinomatosis of the hepatoduodenal zone – 9 % (5 / 52) and a total of 16 % (9 / 52) were other non-resectable tumors (paraaortal, intrathoracic lymph nodes, invasion of the pancreas or pleura, lung metastases). Radiation diagnostic and intraoperative revision were comparable in 60.5 % (115 / 190) of cases. The sensitivity of radiological diagnostic methods in detecting of the small intestine lesions was 23.7 %, the specificity was 90 %, while for laparoscopic diagnostics, the sensitivity in detecting of the small intestine lesions was 93.3 %, and the specificity was 100 %. In assessing of carcinomatosis of the hepatoduodenal zone, the advantage belongs to radiation diagnostic methods: the sensitivity of computed tomography was 66.7 %, the specificity was 97 %, while the sensitivity of diagnostic laparoscopy was 0 %. Conclusions. Determination of a high score in assessing the index of peritoneal carcinomatosis, detection of damage to the hepatoduodenal zone, diagnosed mainly by radiation imaging methods, detection of diffuse lesions of the small intestine, determined mainly by laparoscopic diagnosis reduces the frequency of suboptimal cytoreductive operations from 67 % to 13 %.

Background. Applied standard methods of cervical cancer (CC) treatment have several disadvantages in terms of local and systemic toxicity and the risks of local recurrence. Our study proposed the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in a dose-dense mode, followed by radical hysterectomy, in order to improve the results of treatment of locally advanced CC (IB2-IIB stages) (FIGO)/T1b2-2bN0M0 (TNM).Aim. Improvement of immediate and long-term results in treatment of locally advanced CC IB2-IIB stages (FIGO), determining the immediate effectiveness of dose-dense NACT, based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, and the identification of prognostic factors for tumor response to chemotherapy.Materials and methods. Between April 2016 to November 2019 120 women with IB2-IIB stages (FIGO) were included in this study. Of these, 58 patients underwent 3 cycles of intensified NACT according to the AP scheme (cisplatin 75 mg/m2, doxorubicin 35 mg/m2) and 62 patients underwent NACT according to the TR scheme (cisplatin 60 mg/m2, paclitaxel 60 mg/m2). The assessment of the effect of intensified NACT was performed according to the RECIST 1.1 criteria according to MRI data. Also 2 retrospective groups of patients were recruited: group I - surgical treatment without preoperative chemotherapy (25 patients with IB2-IB3 stages (FIGO) from November 2009 to August 2019), group II - concurrent chemoradiotherapy (44 patients with stage IIB cervical cancer (FIGO) from January 2013 to June 2018).Results. Complete clinical response was detected in 12 (10.0 %) patients, partial response - in 69 (57.5 %) patients, stable disease - in 35 (29.2 %) patients, progression was observed in 4 cases (3.3 %). After NACT in a dose dense mode, due to an objective clinical response (complete response, partial response and stable disease for stage IIA according to RECIST 1.1 criteria), 99 (82.5 %) patients underwent surgical treatment. For 21 (17.5 %) patients due to the absence achievement of objective clinical response (stable disease for stage IIB according to RECIST 1.1 criteria or progression), performed concurrent chemoradiotherapy. During the observation period, 113 (94.2 %) patients remained alive. Mortality for the first year was 1.7 % (2 cases). There was a coincidence of the results of a complete response according to MRI in 11 (91.7 %) cases out of 12 cases with the pathology data. According to multivariate analysis, it was revealed that parametrial invasion, according to the histological examination of the surgical material, is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence. According to comparative evaluation of disease-free survival curves between groups of IB2-IIB stages (FIGO) patients who received and did not receive dose-dense chemotherapy, it was found that disease- free survival in the group with NACT was higher compared to the group without NACT (p = 0.03, the log-rank criterion).Conclusions. The use of dose-dense NACT is an effective treatment mode for patients with IB2-IIB CC (FIGO), which in most cases allows achieving a tumor response with subsequent improvement in immediate and long-term results and can be considered as an alternative to standard treatment for locally advanced CC.

The article presents the results of an empirical study on electronic petitions posted on the Change.org French-speaking segment, geographically linked to France. The relevance of the topic is due to the intervention of modern information and communication technologies in political reality and the need for scientific reflection of the consequences of digital changes in political processes. The authors of the article analyse the regional particularities of the online petition activity by the inhabitants of France on the material of 15 887 electronic petitions (January 2015 – October 2017), 570 of which are petitions with the status of “victory” (4 %). The authors note that the European territories of France form three main groups of online petition activity (with low, medium and high petition activity). Residents of France most often relate to social problems (social security, health care and education) in electronic petitions. In addition, Change.org is actively registering electronic petitions on issues related to crime and terrorism, discrimination, the environment, the economy and animal welfare. Electronic petitions about problems of culture, sports and problems of confessional relations are recorded relatively rarely. The greatest response from the recipients of the petition is caused by problems in the social sphere, education and health. The French society, through the prism of activity on the non-governmental Internet resource Change.org, appears as a modern society with post-industrial values, preoccupied with security issues, in an active and relatively productive dialogue with its political and business elite.

Due to insufficient oxygen supply to the fetus, which is called hypoxia, adverse changes occur in its body. In the total number of births, it is 10,5%. Fetal hypoxia is not an independent disease. It is a consequence of various pathological processes in the body of the mother, fetus and in the placenta. The health of a child is formed even during his intrauterine development, in this regard, fetal hypoxia at the present stage is an important medical and social issue, since it is directly related to the level of health of the population. The article analyzes the main factors contributing to the occurrence of hypoxia during pregnancy and childbirth. These can be diseases of the mother, such as: cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, anemia, intoxication and others. It can also be a violation of the fetal-placental blood flow: gestosis, fetal prolongation, the risk of premature birth, pathology of the placenta and umbilical cord, various abnormalities of labor. The research was carried out on the basis of the Arzamas Maternity Hospital. Cases of development of fetal hypoxia, outcomes of pregnancies and childbirth in women with fetal hypoxia were analyzed. The aim of the study was to study the factors influencing the development of fetal hypoxia during pregnancy and childbirth in order to determine priority preventive measures to prevent this pathology in the city of Arzamas and Arzamas region. Retrospectively, 821 birth histories were analyzed – form No. 096/y, for the period 2017-2019, reporting data for the Arzamas maternity hospital. Based on the results obtained, in order to reduce fetal hypoxia, it is necessary to improve the quality of health improvement of the population at the pregravid stage, to allocate women with a complicated obstetric history to highrisk groups, to hospitalize women with pathology in the appropriate departments when their condition worsens and before childbirth. It is necessary to carry out psychoprophylactic preparation of pregnant women for childbirth, prohibit the work of women in hazardous work by law, organize physical culture breaks for women whose work is associated with physical inactivity.

Introduction. The study of the intensity of humoral immunity to the measles virus (Paramyxoviridae: Morbillivirus) (MV) remains relevant due to the ongoing registration of the cluster cases of measles (including nosocomial cases). The aim of the study was to analyze correlation between the intensity of the humoral immunity to measles virus and the measles incidence in different age groups of the Moscow residents. Material and methods. A simple analytic study was carried out under the framework of measles prevention improvement program conducted in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The study included the analysis of the reasons for the increase in the proportion of seronegative individuals and the comparison of the results of seromonitoring with the data of age-related measles incidence. Throughout 2018, total 1,855 blood serum samples obtained from employees of a large hospital center in Moscow who were previously vaccinated against measles were tested for IgG antibodies (ABs) to MV. The subjects were divided into 11 groups according to their age. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using nonparametric criteria. Results and discussion. The proportion of seronegative individuals among the staff of the medical facility decreased with age, from 38.5% in persons aged 19–23 to 0% among employees aged 64 and over. Persons aged 19–43 years were the most susceptible to measles infection, which was confirmed also by the highest incidence rate at these age groups (from 6.93 to 14.03 per 100,000 population). The age group most protected against measles was those over 64 years of age, who were all seropositive and had the lowest rates of incidence. This is probably due to the fact that by this age most of them have had a measles infection and have formed a sufficient immune response. At the same time, younger individuals living in the post-elimination era have only vaccine-induced ABs to MV, the level of which declines rapidly to non-protective values in the absence of boosterization due to the exposure to the wild-type strain of the pathogen. Conclusion. The monitoring of the MV-specific IgG- AB levels is required for employees in the medical institutions under the age of 35. Administration of the single dose of the appropriate vaccine is recommended for seronegative individuals.

Today, gaming practices seem to be at the forefront of the formation of a future society. In the current era of global digital transformations, the moment of total public involvement in the new digital reality was recorded in 2016, when an augmented digital reality was widely introduced and adopted. Thus, the period of post-post-modernity started with the situation, in which a person is at a loss facing an elusive old world with new features rather than a “brave new world”. However, some grounds for forecasting future trends have been accumulated, which allows the authors to argue that behind the most striking manifestations of digitalization affecting social reality, there is the totality of their influence on many aspects of everyday life. The hidden restructuring of social practices that comes with every new multiplayer game is determined by both the gameplay of players involved and business structures that use psychological and digital tactical and strategic achievements for their own commercial purposes. The total gamification of social practices will become a new “bottleneck” for the contemporary civilization, if we do not manage to integrate a humanitarian approach and humanistic expertise into the strategic control centers for the development of digital technologies. The article presents the results of the survey conducted to reveal the general tendency in the youth’s attitude towards the key aspects of life under the increasing digitalization (socializing, communication and learning) and to find out whether gaming might positively contribute to them or, on the contrary, should be considered a potential threat. The results of the survey show that the youth define both offline and online communication as equally important parts of their life and tend to restrain from total gamification but only in the field of education. The danger of getting addicted seems to be the most notable disadvantage of gaming, although in general it is viewed rather as an entertaining pastime provided the ability to keep it under control.

Introduction. When manufacturing printed circuit boards (PCBs), including their prototypes, the proper alignment of PCB layers is mandatory. While the causes and preventive measures against misalignment in PCBs manufactured using conventional technologies are known, research into alignment errors in 3D-printed PCBs is still ongoing. Another task regarding 3D printing, which is related to topological accuracy (alignment errors in particular), consists in ensuring the opportunity to remove the printed part of the product in order to perform operations thereon, such as embedding components, followed by its return and continuation of the printing process.Aim. Numerical estimation and analysis of the causes of layer-to-layer alignment errors in PCBs manufactured using 3D printing.Materials and methods. The research was conducted using the following materials and equipment: Polyethyleentereftalaatglycol (PETG); an Ultimaker Cura slicer; an Ender 3 S13D printer; a brass nozzle with a diameter of 0.3 mm. The study was conducted using the facilities of the Additive Technologies Center, Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Interlayer alignment errors are estimated by microsection analysis and X-ray inspection, as well as using the misalignment decomposition method described by Yu.B. Tsvetkov for electronics.Results. The possibility of manufacturing PCB prototypes with three conductive layers is demonstrated, including a method for removing the printed part of the product and its further return in the printing process using printed pins. Large-scale distortions were found to make the largest contribution to the alignment error: on average, approximately 150 gm for each layer when compared to its 3D model and approximately 60 gm when comparing the topology of the top layer with the bottom layer. These values exceed the common misalignment value of 50 gm for the pin lamination process. This substantiates the need to control and minimize temperature effects, e.g., using 3D printers with a thermostatically-controlled chamber.Conclusion. The conducted analysis of possible causes of misalignment emergence determines the significance of temperature gradients that occur during 3D printing. The proposed manufacturing method allows the printed part of the product to be removed and further returned into the printing process, which can be used to produce PCB prototypes with three conductive layers.

Lipodystrophy syndromes are a heterogeneous group of extremely rare, inherited or acquired disorders that are characterized by total or partial fat loss or its improper redistribution. The prevalence of lipodystrophies is estimated to be 1:1,000,000 in the population, with approximately 1,000 cases currently described in the literature.Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown etiology that is characterized by the formation of non-caseating epithelioid granulomas in the affected tissues. Despite the large number of studies, the etiology and pathogenesis of sarcoidosis still remain unknown. Most researchers allude to the possible autoimmune or immune-mediated genesis of the disease.This article presents a series of unique clinical cases of a combination of two rare diseases in one patient: sarcoidosis and familial partial lipodystrophy.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a disease caused by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and its mucous membrane lasting for more than 4 weeks continuously. The aim of our study was to examine the main pathophysiological features of chronic IgE-mediated rhinosinusitis of bacterial etiology according to publications in the Russian Federation and in the world. A search was made through English- and Russian-language literature sources using the following databases: PubMed, MedLine, Web of Science, Russian Science Citation Index, Springer, Scopus, Scientific Research, Google Scholar, Crossref, eLibrary. The epidemiological features of CRS in the Russian Federation, bacterial pathogens and pathophysiological characteristics of CRS were analyzed. A 2-fold increase in the prevalence of CRS was registered over the past 20 years. Prevalence of the disease increases at longer age ranges. Chronic rhinosinusitis ranks first among all chronic diseases in the field of otorhinolaryngology. Allergic rhinitis, asthma, bronchiectasia, immunodeficiencies, cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia and autoimmune diseases are associated with CRS. The most common bacterial pathogens are S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes, Prevotella, Streptococcus and Veillonella, and some Gram-negative bacteria, e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is involved in pathogenesis of nasal polyps. The colonizing bacteria may contribute to pathogenesis of CRS through the formation of biofilms. Alterations in the sino-nasal microbiome may also contribute to the development of CRS. An association of the CRS and CFTR gene mutations plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis. An “immune barrier hypothesis” has been proposed as potential mechanism of CRS. Reduced expression of SPINK5, impaired STAT3 signaling, and T2R38 bitter taste receptor polymorphism have been identified in the pathogenesis of CRS. The T2R38 gene stimulates epithelial cells to produce nitrous oxide with a bactericidal effect, promotes mucociliary elimination of pathogens and prevention of upper respiratory tract infections, the polymorphism of this gene predisposes patients to gram-negative infectious diseases, and therefore is a risk factor for the development of CRS. In addition, antibody deficiency is the most common primary immunodeficiency associated with CRS.Hence, the pathogenesis of chronic IgE-mediated rhinosinusitis of bacterial etiology is associated with defects in innate immunity and mucociliary clearance, influence of the sinonasal microbiome, allergies, and genetic factors. A comprehensive assessment of these factors is necessary for the development of new preventive and therapeutic options for the correction of CRS.

Introduction. A review of foreign publications on 3D printing methods shows the possibility of their application for the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs), while demonstrating the growth of interest in this field. One of the available methods is fused deposition modeling, which can be used to form substrates with channels for traces. At present, the minimum channel width comprises 100 µm, which corresponds to the 5th class of PCB accuracy. However, there is no data on how to obtain such dimensions or on the magnitude of their deviation from the given nominal values.Aim. To determine the influence of such factors as nozzle diameter and the number of contours on the dimensional characteristics of PCBs (linear dimensions; trace channel width; trace spacing; via diameters).Materials and methods. To obtain linear models, a full factorial experiment was carried out. The influence of the following materials was evaluated – polylactide (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and glass-filled ABS; slicers – Ultimaker Cura and PrusaSlicer; 3D printers – Picaso 3D Designer Classic 2016 and Hercules Strong 2017; brass nozzle with diameters ∅0.2 and ∅0.4 mm. The possibility of using brass nozzles coated with chemical nickel for printing with glass-filled filaments was considered. The study was conducted using the facilities of the "Center for Additive Technologies" of Bauman Moscow State Technical University.Results. The possibility of manufacturing PCBs up to the 2nd and 3rd accuracy classes using nozzles with a diameter of ∅0.4 and ∅0.2 mm, respectively, was shown. It was found that galvanic deposition of chemical nickel on a ∅0.2 mm brass nozzle makes it possible to increase the PCB wearability when printing with glass-filled filaments. Recommendations are proposed for selecting an optimal combination of nozzle diameter and the number of contours.Conclusion. The conducted analysis of mathematical models shows the significance of such parameters as nozzle diameter and the number of contours. The results can be used when creating new PCB layouts

When the body is infected with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, a cytokine cascade is launched, which plays a key role in the progression of chronic inflammatory and destructive processes in the gastric mucosa. Thus, the secretion of a number of cytokines is stimulated, which in turn contribute to the attraction of immunocompetent cells and the development of inflammatory changes. However, hyperproduction of cytokines can lead to atrophic changes in the gastric mucosa and, as a result, degeneration into gastric cancer. Thus, the role of cytokines in precancerous conditions is ambiguous. On the one hand, they activate the immune response aimed at eliminating the pathogen. On the other hand, they themselves contribute to the progression of the disease.The complex clinical and laboratory study included patients: 60 with chronic gastritis (CG), 55 with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 50 with gastric cancer (GC, stage I-II, morphological variant – adenocarcinoma) and 60 – control group. The diagnoses were verified according to international and Russian recommendations and confirmed by laboratory and instrumental studies. All patients were comparable in terms of gender and age characteristics (p > 0.05). All patients had specific IgG to H. pylori. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the FRC KSC SB RAS (protocol No. 11 dated November 11, 2013). All ethical requirements were observed, and the patients signed the informed consent form for participation. Patients and persons of the control group underwent a single blood sampling from the cubital vein upon admission to vacutainers with heparin.The levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, TNFα, interferon-γ in the blood serum of patients and healthy individuals were determined using the enzyme immunoassay method using reagent kits manufactured by JSC “VectorBest”. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica for Windows 8.0 application package.All patients with H. pylori-associated diseases (CG, CAG, GC) showed an increase in pro-inflammatory (IL-2, IL-8, IFNγ) with a significant increase in IL-8 in all patients and IFNγ in gastric cancer and antiinflammatory cytokine (IL-4) with a maximum value in gastric cancer. A combined Th1 and Th2 is found – a mediated immune response with a maximum violation of cytokine regulation in gastric cancer.

Stomach cancer is in the top ten in terms of prevalence and ranks 4th in terms of causes of death worldwide. The most common and most aggressive variant of gastric cancer is adenocarcinoma. The monocytic link of immunity provides the main line of the body's fight against malignant cells, while in patients with adenocarcinoma it is insufficiently studied. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the functional activity of monocytes in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma at different stages of the disease.Individuals (n = 164) were examined, among whom 85 were diagnosed with stage I-IV stomach adenocarcinoma. The study also involved 79 apparently healthy donors. The functional activity and oxygen-dependent phagocytosis of monocytes were assessed by the chemiluminescent method. Luminol was used as a chemiluminescence inducer. The respiratory burst was activated with opsonized zymosan.In patients with stomach adenocarcinoma, at rest (spontaneous chemiluminescence), an increase in the time the curve reached the maximum intensity of chemiluminescence (Tmax = 7957 s), the area under the chemiluminescence curve (Squr = 0.2 x 106), the activation index (1.89 c. u.) and a decrease in the maximum value of chemiluminescence intensity (Imax = 424 c. u.) relative to the control group (Tmax = 5533 s, Squr = 0.011 x 106, activation index = 0.88 c. u., Imax = 424 c. u., p < 0.05) were seen. When chemiluminescence is induced in patients with stomach adenocarcinoma, a statistically significant predominance of Squr is fixed (0.46 x 106, in the control group Squr = 0.031 x 106). Also, in the group of patients with stomach adenocarcinoma, monocytic phagocytosis was reduced by more than 2 times (29% vs 84% in the control group, p < 0.05). When analyzing the studied parameters, depending on the stage of the disease, it was found that the violation of the chemiluminescent reaction in patients with stomach adenocarcinoma is fixed already at an early stage. At the same time, in patients with stage IV stomach adenocarcinoma, the indicators of spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence are more than 2 times different from those in the control group and patients at stage I of the disease. The identified features indicate a decrease in the effectiveness of immune reactions of the monocytic link in stomach adenocarcinoma already in the early stages of the disease and can be used to detect early signs of immune disorders and optimize therapeutic approaches in this disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease currently affects more than 30% of the population. Recent studies highlight the role of genetic polymorphisms in genes associated with fat catabolism and anabolism in the manifestation of this condition and its progression. The work analyzes foreign publications on the molecular and biochemical aspects of these polymorphisms, as well as works studying their effect on the state of the liver and markers of its pathology over the past 10 years. Thus, polymorphisms of the PNPLA3, MBOAT7, and TM6SF2, affecting the functionality of the proteins they express, lead to a change in the metabolism of fatty acids in the liver, which in turn leads to the development of NAFLD and its progression. Despite the fact that the contribution of the rs738409 polymorphism of the PNPLA3 gene is well described both in foreign and Russian articles, polymorphisms of the MBOAT7 and TM6SF2 genes and their effect on NAFLD, as well as the molecular biochemical mechanisms underlying it, have been studied much worse in foreign studies and are little mentioned in Russian ones. In addition, the issue of the severity of the influence of the above polymorphisms on populations of different ethnic and age groups requires additional research. This work attempts to systematize the available data on these issues.

Mucocutaneous bleeding and thrombocytopenia are commonly encountered in pediatric patients. It is important for pediatricians to recognize when these signs and symptoms warrant further investigation and subsequently what investigations are most helpful and when referral to pediatric hematology is necessary. The most important part of an evaluation for a platelet disorder in a well-appearing child is the history, including family history, and physical examination. Platelet function test for children is a highly demanded investigation. The cornerstone laboratory test is the complete blood cell count. Individual laboratories may vary in their reference ranges for platelet count, but the normal range of platelet count remains 150 to 450 × 109/л. Platelet dysfunction is often not diagnosed, since of throm bocytopathies in most cases do not have clear symptoms, in some cases clinical manifestations of platelet dysfunction are even absent. Meanwhile complete blood count cannot completely reflect changes in the patient's platelet step of hemostasis. For more comprehensive assessment of platelet function in the initial step of the hemostasis it is necessary to evaluate the function of platelets in the whole blood. Whole Blood Impedance Aggregometry measures the change in electrical impedance between two electrodes when platelet aggregation is induced by an agonist. The method is performed using whole blood and so eliminates the need to generate platelet rich plasma. Platelet function testing may have a role to optimize antiplatelet therapy to reduce bleeding and ischemic events. Platelet aggregation function tests with different inductors make it possible to estimate the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy, select individual doses of drugs and conduct drug monitoring. Platelet aggregation in patients on the antiplatelet therapy is induced by inductors: arachidonic acid (ASPI test), adenosine diphosphate (ADP test) and thrombin (TRAP test). The high prognostic significance of the Impedance Aggregometry results makes it possible to decide on the drug of choice for patients after thrombosis and intravascular interventions, as well as to prevent bleeding during and after surgical procedures.

The development of the electric bus fleet, observed in the world and, in particular, in the Russian Federation, leads to the emergence of new scientific and practical problems that need to be addressed. So, at present, when electric buses are put into operation, in practice, problems arise with the choice of a rational urban regular route and the organization of charging infrastructure on it. To solve this problem, you need to know the power consumption of an electric bus, which depends on the operating conditions. This article analyzes scientific research in the field of modeling electricity consumption by an electric bus. Such an analysis and study of the experience of operating an electric bus in Tyumen made it possible to single out the factors on which electricity consumption depends. In the course of the study, a hypothesis was formulated: the factors characterizing the operating conditions on the route can be taken into account by one indicator «speed of communication». At the same time, until now, no direct influence of the ambient temperature on the power consumption of an electric bus has been revealed. Therefore, the aim of the study is to study the effect of traffic speed and ambient temperature on the electricity consumption of an electric bus on a regular urban route. To achieve this goal, a passive experiment was carried out, during which data was obtained on the functioning of electric buses, the technical parameters of the charging stations and the ambient temperature. To test the hypothesis, the initial amount of experimental information was processed using statistical data processing methods. It was found that a decrease in the speed of communication causes an increase in the consumption of electricity by an electric bus. During the analysis of the influence of the ambient air temperature on the considered output parameter, it was revealed that when it deviates from the value equal to + 4 °C, an increase in the consumption of electricity by the electric bus is observed. As a result, the established regularities of the influence of the speed of communication and the ambient air temperature on the electricity consumption of an electric bus and their mathematical models will become the basis for further research for the development of a methodology for rationing electricity consumption by an electric bus on a regular city route.

One of the essential tasks of sustainable forest management is to maintain native biodiversity. Primary forest research is one of the ways to understand what this biodiversity is. Matherials and methods. The primary, as confirmed by their land-use history and structural peculiarities, mesic dark-conifer forests remain in Visim and Pechora–Ilych nature biosphere reserves (boreal and sub-boreal zones respectively, the Ural Mountains, Russian Federation). We compared the primary forests and post fire 100-year small-leaved deciduous forests by diversity of vascular flora and soil invertebrate macrofauna. Results and discussion. The diversity of some functional groups of species (low boreal herbs, earthworms) in post fire forests is lower than in primary forests, the research shows. These species largely depend on deadwood and other tree-related microhabitats common in the primary forests but not so in the 100-year post fire forests. Repeated fires at intervals of several decades, as is the case with the use of prescribed fires in forest management, will be expected to reduce the biodiversity quality of these specialist species. Additionally, we revealed that post fire forest flora is more synanthropic in the woodland of a small area (Visim reserve) than in the intact forest landscape (Pechora–Ilych reserve). It demonstrates that, within extensive woodlands, native forests are more resilient to sporadic stand-replacing disturbances than small woodlands. Conclusion. Strict conservation of intact forest landscapes is necessary as they serve as large buffer areas around the remaining primary forests to maintain native biodiversity.