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The elastic and inelastic scattering of deuterons on 10B nuclei and the 10B(d, t)9B reaction were studied at a deuteron energy of 14.5 MeV. In inelastic scattering, differential cross-sections for transitions to 10B states at excitation energies, Ex, of 0.718 MeV (1+), 2.154 MeV (1+), and 3.59 MeV (2+) were measured. The cross-sections of the (d, t) reaction were measured for the ground (3/2−) and excited states of the 9B nucleus at Ex = 2.361 MeV (5/2−) and 2.79 MeV (5/2+). An analysis of the corresponding angular distributions was carried out using the coupled channel method. As a result of the calculations, the values of the quadrupole deformation parameters (β2 ≈ 0.7 ± 0.1) for various transitions in the 10B nucleus in inelastic scattering were extracted. From the analysis of the (d, t) reaction, the values of spectroscopic amplitudes (SA = 0.67 and SA = 0.94) for transitions to the states of the 9B nucleus were extracted. The results obtained here, taking into account possible measurement errors, are in good agreement with the previously obtained data and the theoretical predictions.

The musical culture of the Kyrgyz people is a valuable heritage that reflects its traditions, history, and spiritual values. This study is relevant because in the modern pedagogical process the emphasis on the integration of national cultural features, including music, is becoming increasingly important. It promotes multicultural education and the development of students’ national identity. The purpose of this study was to develop ways to integrate the musical culture of the Kyrgyz people into modern pedagogical education and recommendations for their optimisation. The following methods were used in the study: analytical, specifically, historical analysis; comparative; method of synthesis; as well as methods of generalisation and systematisation. The most revealing was the historical analysis, through which the historical context of the development of Kyrgyz musical culture and its influence on education in different periods of history was studied. The results of the study suggested that the inclusion of elements of musical culture of the Kyrgyz people in the pedagogical process can serve as an effective tool for the development of students’ cultural self-awareness, as well as the development of their emotional and social competence. However, to achieve the best results, clearly formulated methods are needed that consider the specifics of Kyrgyz musical culture and the features of the modern pedagogical process. Among such techniques, the following were identified: cultural immersion, integrated lessons, project-oriented method, organisation of creative working groups, case method, creation of interactive music laboratories, differentiated approach, and application of the method of critical analysis in lessons. The findings of this study can be useful for teachers, students at pedagogical universities, researchers in the field of pedagogy and ethnomusicology, as well as educational authorities.

The article focuses on studying the impact-driven penetration of multi-strength fibroconcrete pyramid-prismatic piles. The research object includes multi-strength pyramid-prismatic piles with varying types of reinforcement and different levels of concrete compressive strength. The aim of the study is to experimentally investigate the enhancement of pile impact resistance through the differentiated selection of concrete strength based on the dynamic stresses in the pile shaft caused by impact forces. As a result of the experimental studies on the piles, it was found that the difference in energy costs for driving them does not exceed 3.7–4.1%, proving the insignificant influence of the type of reinforcement and fiber concrete strength on the energy expenditure during driving. At the same time, it was established that the type of reinforcement and the type of fiber significantly affect the strength and impact-resistant properties of the pile shaft, ensuring defect-free driving. For example, the defectiveness (e.g., chips, cracks, potholes, spalling) of the head of the steel fiber concrete (SFC) pile reaches 57.5%, while for the polypropylene fiber concrete (PFC) pile it does not exceed 5.2%, demonstrating the advantages of using polypropylene fiber under impact conditions.

The significance and relevance of the issues are predetermined by the fact, that, by the time of Shakarim Kudaiberdiev’s activity, the political and social situation of Kazakhstan in the early 20th century was on the verge of collapse. The main factor that influenced this situation was the policy of spreading illiteracy, people alienated from religion language, and writing. From the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Kazakhstan suffered from the colonial policies of the Russian Empire. Currently Kudaiberdiev writes a work “Catechism of Muslims”. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the consequences of the creative work on the economic and spiritual and cultural development of Kazakhstan. During the analysis, several scientific sources and materials were analyzed, and the following scientific methods were used: structural-functional and dialectical methods, the method of synthesis, logical and comparative analysis, and the method of generalization. During the research, it was proved that in the works of Shakarim Kudaiberdiev the calls to fight against the policy of tsarist Russia and to revive their language, customs, religion, and history were present. The main result of this research is proof that the works of Shakarim Kudaiberdiev had a tremendous impact on the social status, culture, religion, and language of the Kazakh people. His works acted in opposition to Russian policy and encouraged people who were tired of colonial oppression. The research on this issue is actively developed, therefore this work is of practical value for the definition of the role of Shakarim’s creativity during the economic, cultural, social, and political development of Kazakhstan at the end of 19 – the beginning of 20 century.

Background and Aim: Poultry farming plays a significant role in providing the population with high-quality and cheap meat products. The development and success of this industry depend on the proper use of available feed. As a rule, feed additives should compensate for missing elements in livestock diets. This study investigated the effects of vermiculite feed additives on the chemical, amino acid, and mineral compositions of quail meat. Materials and Methods: Texas Quail meat breed birds were randomly divided into three groups (35 heads each). Group I served as the control group, in which the birds were fed a standard diet without any supplements. The diet of Group II was supplemented with 3% vermiculite feed additive, whereas Group III received 5% vermiculite. The experiment was conducted over 120 days. Results: Quails in the experimental groups contained less moisture, had more ash and protein, and were richer in calories in terms of energy value. In terms of mineral composition, the calcium concentrations were 9.9% and 16.5% higher in the in the Group I and II, respectively. Furthermore, the highest percentages of nonessential and essential amino acids were found in the 5% vermiculite group. In the meat of quails that received 5% vermiculite, cadmium and lead salt levels were 20%–25% lower than those in the control variant. Conclusion: The results of our analyses confirmed that meeting the mineral requirements of quails improves animal productivity and meat product quality. Vermiculite as a feed additive improved the chemical, mineral, and amino acid compositions of quail meat when it was added to up to 5% of the feed dry matter. These results will help to improve the feed base of the poultry industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Feeding is a basic need in human life. The current manuscript presents the first stage in developing of a fish semi-finished product for functional purposes in the production of commercial tilapia fish in high-tech industrial aquaculture. So, the clinical rationale for the probiotic is based on the Escherichia coli 64G strain used in the process of fish breeding for the hero dietic half-finished products manufacturing. So, a has been created to get a functional product (smoked sausage) from fresh tilapia fish grown on specialised feeds at the stage of biotechnological processing. The possibility of using the drug Enterocol as a probiotic strain of Kazakh production is being considered. Probiotics in aquaculture have been used to reduce the level of conditionally pathogenic microbiota in the organs and tissues of fish. This was achieved by Enterocol's action in reducing the organic pollution of water with fish metabolism products at a high stocking density. Probiotics used in industrial aquaculture are an excellent alternative to antibiotics. Moreover, we can get an environmentally friendly product due to probiotics, which is important in creating a healthy food strategy. In an in vivo experiment, authors proved the safety, antagonistic activity, and probiotic proprieties of the E.coli 64G strain.

This investigation focuses on the construction of novel dark and singular soliton solutions for the Hirota equation, which models the propagation of ultrashort light pulses in optical fibers. Initially, we employ a wave variable transformation to convert the physical model into ordinary differential equations. Utilizing extended rational sinh–cosh and sine–cosine techniques, we derive an abundant soliton solution for the transformed system. By plugging these explicit solutions back into the wave transformation, we obtain dark and singular soliton solutions for the Hirota equation. The dynamic evolution of dark soliton profiles is then demonstrated, with a focus on varying physically significant parameters such as wave frequency, strength of third-order dispersion, and wave number. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis is examined to elucidate how the dark and singular soliton profiles undergo deformation in the background influenced by these arbitrary parameters. The findings presented in this study offer valuable insights that could potentially guide experimental manipulation of dark solitons in optical fibers.

IntroductionThe development of functional products is a new promising trend in the modern food industry. The research aims to confirm the quality indicators, efficacy and safety for living organisms of the developed functional semi-finished fish product—raw smoked sausage. The research was aimed at studying the characteristics of the semi-finished product obtained, including its organoleptic properties. However, it was also important to test the properties of the probiotic component added to the developed product and its effects in vivo on mice to verify the efficacy and safety of the E. coli 64 G strain.MethodsOrganoleptic and histological assessments of the product were performed. A series of experiments were also conducted to assess the product’s safety and functional properties. For this purpose, Enteracol was fed to white outbred laboratory mice with different concentrations of the active ingredient (Escherichia coli 64G strain). Organoleptic properties of the proposed product, such as smell, consumer view, and balanced taste, demonstrated high consumer qualities of the crude smoked sausage with a probiotic component.ResultsThe results of the controlled prospective study confirmed that the product is safe and non-toxic to living organisms: mice state alive after consuming a created meal. At the same time, assessing the product’s antagonistic activity revealed its high protective effect (85%–100% survival rate of animals in the experimental groups compared to the control with 100% mortality).DiscussionThe proposed product has a stimulating effect on an organism and demonstrates the antagonistic activity against pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria established in the Enterobacteriaceae family members. The next step will be a long-term study of the product’s stimulating effect to prove its positive impact on the body.

In this investigation, we explore the existence and intriguing features of matter-wave smooth positons in a non-autonomous one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) system with attractive interatomic interactions. We focus on the Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) equation/nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation with time-modulated nonlinearity and trap potential, which govern nonlinear wave propagation in the BEC. Our approach involves constructing second- and third-order matter-wave smooth positons using a similarity transformation technique. We also identify the constraints on the time-modulated system parameters that give rise to these nonlinear localized profiles. This study considers three distinct forms of modulated nonlinearities: (i) kink-like, (ii) localized or sech-like, and (iii) periodic. By varying the parameters associated with the nonlinearity strengths, we observe a rich variety of captivating behaviors in the matter-wave smooth positon profiles. These behaviors include stretching, curving, oscillating, breathing, collapsing, amplification, and suppression. Our comprehensive studies shed light on the intricate density profile of matter-wave smooth positons in BECs, providing valuable insights into their controllable behavior and characteristics in the presence of time-modulated nonlinearity and trap potential effects.

Monitoring radiation background in the near-surface atmosphere and gamma rays, geoacoustic emission, and temperature in a borehole at 40 m depth, as well as Doppler sounding on a low-inclined radio pass, proceeded at the Tien Shan mountain station (3340 m a.s.l.) in northern Tien Shan with the common goal of searching for seismogenic effects preceding earthquakes. The flux of gamma rays in the borehole varied negligibly between the days, and it was not influenced by precipitation. Characteristic bay-like drops of the gamma ray flux were found (2–8) days before the M5.0–M6.2 earthquakes. In an M4.2 earthquake event with a 5.3 km epicenter distance, anomalies were detected (7–10) days before the earthquake in variation of the gamma ray flux, geoacoustic emission, and temperature. Simultaneously with gamma rays, a disturbance was detected in the Doppler shift of the ionospheric signal. Similarly, ionosphere disturbances triggered by the growth of radioactivity in the near-surface atmosphere were found in a retrospective analysis of the Doppler shift data acquired after underground nuclear explosions at the Semipalatinsk testing site. This effect is considered from the viewpoint of the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling concept.

In this paper, we study the Kuralay equations, namely the Kuralay-I equation (K-IE) and the Kuralay-II equation (K-IIE). The integrable motion of space curves induced by these equations is investigated. The gauge equivalence between these two equations is established. With the help of the Hirota bilinear method, the simplest soliton solutions are also presented. The nonlocal and dispersionless versions of the Kuralay equations are considered. Some integrable generalizations and other related nonlinear differential equations are presented.

In this paper, we demonstrate a new, highly efficient method of crosslinking multilayer graphene, and create nanopores in it by its irradiation with low-energy argon cluster ions. Irradiation was performed by argon cluster ions with an acceleration energy E ≈ 30 keV, and total fluence of argon cluster ions ranging from 1 × 109 to 1 × 1014 ions/cm2. The results of the bombardment were observed by the direct examination of traces of argon-cluster penetration in multilayer graphene, using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Further image processing revealed an average pore diameter of approximately 3 nm, with the predominant size corresponding to 2 nm. We anticipate that a controlled cross-linking process in multilayer graphene can be achieved by appropriately varying irradiation energy, dose, and type of clusters. We believe that this method is very promising for modulating the properties of multilayer graphene, and opens new possibilities for creating three-dimensional nanomaterials.

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are caused by continuous pressure or friction on the skin that damages tissue, especially over bony prominences. A critical factor in the development and progression of PUs is poor nutritional status, which often involves deficiencies in essential nutrients such as proteins, vitamins (A, C, D, E, K, and the B complex), and trace elements (including zinc, selenium, copper, iron, and manganese). These micronutrients are vital for effective wound healing, as they play significant roles in cellular repair, immune function, and tissue regeneration. Laboratory tests for serum albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, retinol-binding protein, and anthropometric measures like height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) are used to evaluate a patient's nutritional status. Screening tools such as the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), LPZ questionnaire, and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) are commonly employed. Emerging evidence from various studies, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials, underscores the importance of personalized nutritional interventions in managing PUs. Unlike generic dietary plans, tailored nutrition that addresses the specific needs of individuals shows greater potential in promoting wound healing and improving clinical outcomes. This synthesis of existing research highlights the critical influence of micronutrients on the healing process of PUs. It suggests that a personalized approach to nutrition, which takes into account individual patient requirements and deficiencies, is likely to be more effective than a one-size-fits- all strategy in the management of these complex wounds., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: The inhalation of cooking-generated aerosols could lead to translocation to the brain and impact its function; therefore, the effects of cooking-generated aerosols on healthy adults were investigated using an electroencephalograph (EEG) during the 2 h period post-exposure. Methods: To explore any changes from the impact of exposure to cooking-generated aerosols on the human brain due to the absence of food intake during exposure, we divided the study participants into three groups: (A) no food intake for 2 h (2 h-zero calorie intake), (B) non-zero calorie intake, and (C) control group (simulated cooking). Results: The ultrafine particle concentrations increased from 9.0 × 10 3 particles/cm 3 at the background level to approximately 8.74 × 10 4 particles/cm 3 during cooking. EEGs were recorded before cooking (step 1), 60 min after cooking (step 2), 90 min after cooking (step 3), and 120 min after cooking (step 4). Comparing the non-zero calorie group with the control group, it was concluded that exposure to cooking-generated aerosols resulted in a 12.82% increase in the alpha band two hours post-exposure, compared to pre-exposure. The results revealed that zero calorie intake after exposure mitigated the impacts of cooking-generated aerosols for the alpha, beta3, theta, and delta bands, while it exacerbated effects on the whole brain for the beta1 and beta2 bands. Conclusions: While these are short-term studies, long-term exposure to cooking-generated ultrafine particles can be established through successive short-term exposures. These results underscore the need for further research into the health impacts of cooking-generated aerosols and the importance of implementing strategies to mitigate exposure., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The glucose-lowering drug metformin has been reported to have anticancer properties through unknown mechanisms. Other unknown factors that may influence its anticancer potential include the glycemic status of the patient. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the effect of different glucose environments on the antiproliferative potency and the cellular mechanism of action of metformin. Human breast cancer cells, MCF-7, were incubated in low, normal, elevated, and high glucose environments and treated with metformin. The antiproliferative potential of metformin and its effect on protein expression as well as its ability to induce cellular apoptosis and autophagy under different glucose environments, were determined using different molecular techniques. Metformin significantly inhibited cellular proliferation in a time- and glucose-concentration-dependent manner. In comparison to elevated glucose, low normal glucose alone induced a significant level of autophagy that was further increased in the presence of metformin. While glucose concentration did not appear to have an effect on the antiproliferative potency of metformin, the cellular basis of action was shown to be glucose-dependent. The antiproliferative mechanism of action of metformin in elevated and low normal glucose environments is mTOR-dependent, whereas, in the high glucose environment, the antiproliferative mechanism is independent of mTOR. This is the first study to report that both the antiproliferative potency and the cellular mechanism of action aredependent on the concentration of glucose.

Aim: The current study aimed to investigate the potential antiproliferative activity of metformin, the effective concentration range, and the mechanism of action., Materials & Methods: Human breast cancer cells, MCF-7 were treated with a serial dilution of metformin (10-150 μM) for 24 and 48 h. Potential antiproliferative activity of metformin and its ability in inducing cellular apoptosis and autophagy were also investigated., Results: Metformin inhibited MCF-7 proliferation in a concentration and time dependent manner, with 80 μM as the most effective concentration. Compared with nontreated cells, metformin induced significant levels of autophagy and apoptosis, which were confirmed by the reduction of mTOR and BCL-2 protein expression., Conclusion: The study confirms the antiproliferative activity of metformin, which may likely occur through AMPK signaling pathway., Competing Interests: The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Background and Purpose: Most distal MCA aneurysms are located within the insular segment, which lies between the limen insulae and circular sulcus. However, experience is limited in the microsurgical and endovascular management of insular segment MCA aneurysms. In this multicenter retrospective case series, we aimed to investigate the safety, efficacy, and durability of stent-assisted coiling for treatment of insular segment MCA aneurysms., Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was performed to identify patients with insular MCA aneurysms that were treated with stent-assisted coiling. The technical success of the procedures and the initial and follow-up clinical and angiographic outcomes were assessed. Periprocedural and delayed complications were reviewed., Results: Twenty-seven aneurysms in 27 patients with a mean age of 53.3 (SD,11.3) years were included. The mean size of the aneurysms was 6.3 (SD 2.6) mm. Endovascular procedures were successfully performed in all patients. Immediate postprocedural angiography revealed complete aneurysm occlusions in 81.5%. Periprocedural complications developed in 7.4% without causing permanent morbidity. A delayed thromboembolic complication resulted in a minor permanent morbidity in 1 patient (3.7%). There was no mortality. The mean duration of angiographic follow-up was 19.5 (SD, 9.8)  months. The last follow-up examinations showed complete occlusion in 92.6%. During the follow-up period, none of the treated aneurysms showed recanalization., Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that stent-assisted coiling with a low-profile self-expandable stent is a feasible and relatively safe technique for endovascular treatment of insular segment complex MCA aneurysms. Additionally, it provides an effective and durable treatment for insular MCA aneurysms., (© 2022 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)

Our knowledge of the effects of exposure to indoor ultrafine particles (sub-100 nm, #/cm 3 ) on human brain activity is very limited. The effects of cooking ultrafine particles (UFP) on healthy adults were assessed using an electroencephalograph (EEGs) for brain response. Peak ultrafine particle concentrations were approximately 3 × 10 5 particle/cm 3, and the average level was 1.64 × 10 5 particle/cm 3 . The average particle number emission rate (S) and the average number decay rate (a+k) for chicken frying in brain experiments were calculated to be 2.82 × 10 12 (SD = 1.83 × 10 12 , R 2  = 0.91, p = 0.0013) particles/min, 0.47 (SD = 0.30, R 2  = 0.90, p < 0.0001) min -1 , respectively. EEGs were recorded before and during cooking (14 min) and 30 min after the cooking sessions. The brain fast-wave band (beta) decreased during exposure, similar to people with neurodegenerative diseases. It subsequently increased to its pre-exposure condition for 70% of the study participants after 30 min. The brain slow-wave band to fast-wave band ratio (theta/beta ratio) increased during and after exposure, similar to observed behavior in early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The brain then tended to return to its normal condition within 30 min following the exposure. This study suggests that chronically exposed people to high concentrations of cooking aerosol might progress toward AD., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)