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Introduction: Chemotherapy of HIV infection remains the only means of treating the disease. The process of development new and improving previously developed drugs is therefore considered a priority. One of the preclinical stage of drug efficacy testing is research in the virus-cell model system in vitro ., The Aim: To evaluate the antiviral efficacy of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) 6HP and 3TC during HIV-1 replication in the neoplastic MT-4 cell line., Materials and Methods: Two variants of the CD4 + T-lymphocyte MT-4 cell line (MT-4/1 and MT-4/2) transformed by Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (Retroviridae: Orthoretrovirinae : Deltaretrovirus : HTLV-1 ), with different levels of HIV-1 replication were used. Drugs ammonium-3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-carbomoylphosphonat (6HP) and 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) were used to suppress the virus., Results and Discussion: The replication activity of HIV-1 was observed to be higher in the MT-4/2 line than in the MT-4/1 line for different strains of the virus. The use of each of the substances separately showed a more significant inhibition of viral activity in MT-4/1 than in MT-4/2 cells. When used together, the inhibition level was almost the same in all cases and ranged from 87‒96% for the MT-4/1 line and 83‒89% for the MT-4/2 line. High efficacy was observed when using lower concentrations of drugs compared to individual use., Conclusion: The combined use of NRTIs 6НР and 3TС is promising for the treatment of HIV-infected patients at different stages of infection and with different levels of viral load.

Introduction: The persistence of immune dysfunction during therapy has serious consequences for the health of HIV-infected people. Therefore, an important direction is the search for drugs that can reduce the inflammatory potential of the immune system and serve as an additional component of antiviral therapy. Aim ‒ to study the effect of the immunomodulatory drug Sodium deoxyribonucleate with iron complex (DNA-Na-Fe) on the expression of activation markers in MT-4 cells infected with HIV-1., Materials and Methods: Expression levels of CD4, CD28, CD38, CD62L and HLA-DR proteins on the plasma membrane were measured in cells. To assess viral activity, the p24 protein was quantified by ELISA., Results and Discussion: The two cell variants with different replicative activity were analyzed. Control cells, cells with DNA-Na-Fe, infected cells and infected cells with DNA-Na-Fe were tested. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that antiviral activity of the drug in MT-4 cells infected with HIV-1 is associated with immunomodulatory activity that enhances the expression of membrane proteins CD4, CD28, CD38 and CD62L. Diversity in the effect of DNA-Na-Fe on the studied surface proteins expression in two cell lines indicates that they depend on the characteristics of the combined molecular biological processes occurring in cells. And the increased effects observed in a system with changes in replicative activity assumes its active participation in virus replication at the stages of virus penetration and budding., Conclusion: Studies have shown that DNA-Na-Fe has antiviral and immunomodulatory activity.

As a natural mutation of the human ccr5 gene has been shown to confer resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, a new avenue has opened in the development of alternative treatment approaches through genome editing. One of the two chemokine co-receptors of the plasma membrane is utilized by HIV-1 to infect CD4 + cells. HIV-1 strains that utilize CCR5 circulate in early infection, and strains that utilize CXCR4 circulate at advanced stages. A complex relationship may exist in the expression regulation of the receptors and may affect virus replication in cells that normally do not express CCR5 on the membrane, such as the MT-4 cell line. MT-4 cells were used to study the effect of ccr5 modification HIV-1 replication in vitro. Genetic modification of ccr5 in MT-4 cells was shown to increase the activities of HIV-1 strains, especially in homozygote. The results indicate that genome editing should be performed with caution in human cells and that the issue needs comprehensive investigation., (© 2023. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.)

Introduction: The urgent problem of modern medicine is the fight against acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI). To combat ARVI, drugs of wide antiviral potency are needed, as well as immunomodulating drugs. Such antiviral and immunomodulatory effects has sodium deoxyribonucleate (DNA-Na) and its complex with iron (DNA-Na-Fe) developed on the basis of double-stranded DNA of natural origin., Aim of the Study: To assess antiviral and virucidal activity of DNA-Na and DNA-Na-Fe against viruses of different kingdoms and families., Materials and Methods: Antiviral and virucidal activity of DNA-Na and DNA-Na-Fe was assessed in cell cultures infected with viruses., Results and Discussion: DNA-Na and DNA-Na-Fe had antiviral activity against adenovirus at concentrations of 2501000 mcg/ml. Antiviral effect of both drugs was not detected in case of poliovirus. DNA-Na and DNA-Na-Fe had antiviral activity against coronavirus in all administration schemes. EC50 for DNA-Na ~ 2500 mcg/ml, for DNA-Na-Fe ~ 1000 mcg/ml. In cells treated with DNA-Na-Fe, secretion of following proinflammatory cytokines was detected: Interleukin (IL) 1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, interferon- (IFN-), IFN-, as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL-4, IL-10, antagonist of IL-1 receptor. Evidently, DNA-Na and DNA-Na-Fe have antiviral effect, but mechanism of action does not seem to be associated with specific effect on viral replication. Presence of virucidal activity of drugs against representatives of Coronaviridae, Adenoviridae, Picornaviridae, Retroviridae, Herpesviridae in vitro test in range of 1.03.0 lg TCID50 was identified., Conclusion: Presence of simultaneous antiviral and virucidal activity of DNA-Na and DNA-Na-Fe against adeno- and coronaviruses shows their prospects for prevention and treatment of ARVI.