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Background: The effectiveness of ultrasound stimulation in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been reported in previous studies, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of ultrasound stimulation on the proportion and function of microglia of different phenotypes, as well as on the levels of inflammatory factors. Additionally, it revealed the alterations in proteomic molecules in the mouse hippocampus following ultrasound stimulation treatment, aiming to uncover potential new molecular mechanisms. Methods: Ultrasound stimulation was used to stimulate the hippocampus for 30 min per day for 5 days in the ultrasound stimulation‐treated group. Amyloid plaque deposition was measured using immunofluorescence staining. M1 and M2 type microglia were labeled using immunofluorescent double staining, and the ratio was calculated. The levels of Aβ42, IL‐10, and TNF‐α were determined using ELISA kits. The quantitative proteomics method was employed to explore molecular changes in hippocampal proteins. Results: Ultrasound stimulation treatment reduced the average fluorescence intensity of amyloid plaques and the concentration of Aβ42. Compared to the AD group, ultrasound stimulation resulted in a 14% reduction in the proportion of M1 microglia and a 12% increase in the proportion of M2 microglia. The concentration of the anti‐inflammatory factor IL‐10 was significantly increased in the ultrasound stimulation‐treated group. Proteomics analysis revealed 753 differentially expressed proteins between the ultrasound stimulation‐treated and AD groups, with most being enriched in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway of mitochondria. Additionally, the activity of cytochrome c oxidase, involved in oxidative phosphorylation, was increased after ultrasound stimulation treatment. Conclusions: Ultrasound stimulation affects microglial polarization, reduces amyloid plaque load, and enhances levels of anti‐inflammatory factors in APP/PS1 mice. Proteomics analysis reveals molecular changes in hippocampal proteins after ultrasound stimulation treatment. The mechanism behind ultrasound stimulation‐induced modulation of microglial polarization may be related to changes in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) require an investment in organic cathode materials because of their structural diversity and desirable specific capacities. However, low real capacities and poor cycling stabilities can result from the high solubilities of small-molecule organic compounds. Here, poly 2-methyl-5-((4-(phenyl(p-tolyl)amino)phenyl)amino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (PQAH) and poly 2,5-dichloro-3-methyl-6-((4-(phenyl(p-tolyl)amino)phenyl)amino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (PQACl) were used to design and synthesize qui cathode materials for aqueous ZIBs. Quinone amine polymers (PQAs) polymerised by simple precipitation have large π-conjugated backbones and miltiple active sites. PQAH and PQACl exhibited superior electrochemical characteristics owing to their stable π-conjugated skeletons and abundant active sites. In particular, PQAH exhibited remarkable cycling stability (78.26% capacity retention rate after 10 000 cycles at 5 A g−1), a high specific capacity (203.4 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and a high rate. Due to their low LUMO levels and small bandgaps (ΔE), both quinone amine polymers showed strong electrochromic redox activities. The spatial effects of chlorine atoms, which decreased the structural planarities of the conjugates and the effective conjugation lengths, were responsible for the blueshift in the absorption spectrum of PQACl relative to that of PQAH. PQAH showed a relatively wide band gap but was electrochemically more active and had a larger colouring efficiency (CE) (239.9 cm2 C−1). The potential of PQAs for use in electrochromic (EC) polymers and aqueous ZIBs is significantly enhanced by this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a novel electrode material featuring a core‐shell intercalation structure. The material was synthesized using a simple and scalable method suitable for industrial replication. The outer layer of the electrode material comprises polyaniline, enveloping a nuclear structure composed of manganese dioxide and nickel oxide. This core‐shell configuration is then integrated into the lamellar structure of graphene oxide, resulting in the formation of PANI@(MnO2 + NiO)@GO composite. The combination of polyaniline, metal oxides, and graphene oxide demonstrates robust adsorption capacity, leading to the development of a three‐dimensional stable structure between the core and the shell. Additionally, graphene oxide contributes to the bilayer capacitance of the composites, resulting in simultaneous multiple synergistic effects and improved charge storage capacity. Electrochemical characterization reveals exceptional properties of this composite material, exhibiting a specific capacitance of 396 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 in a three‐electrode configuration. Furthermore, the material retains 82.6% of its capacitance after undergoing 3000 consecutive charge/discharge cycles. Calculations estimate the energy density and power density of this composite in a supercapacitor employing 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte to be 43.2 W h kg−1 and 249.99 W kg−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]