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Railway is a fundamental transportation mode for medium and long-distance travel in China. China's railway transport network (CRTN) has become increasingly complex. Clarifying the structure of the CRTN and its robustness to failures is important for ensuring safe operations. This paper uses train schedule data to construct a railway physical network (RPN) and a train service network (TSN), and proposes a method to simulate the CRTN change processes under different attack strategies, clarify its robustness, and identify its backbone. The results show: First, the RPN is a typical scale-free and small-world network, while the TSN presents a complex hierarchical structure; Second, the RPN is robust to random attacks but vulnerable to targeted attacks, and attacks based on the betweenness centrality as evaluated in the RPN is the most effective mode; Third, the backbone network consists 62 cities including Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on rivers being the most accessible freshwater resource for human beings. Topics include indispensable role in water storage, allocation and purification, shipping, power generation, and culture and support services; and problem of water shortage in some areas becoming increasingly prominent restricting the social and economic development.

In the original publication [[1]], the funder "the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences", "No. XDA19040401" associated with author "Fangqu Niu" was not included. Correction: Niu, F.; Wang, F. Economic Spatial Structure in China: Evidence from Railway Transport Network. Reference 1 Niu F., Wang F. Economic Spatial Structure in China: Evidence from Railway Transport Network. [Extracted from the article]