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Background Multi-component psychological interventions may mitigate overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Evidence is, however, scattered on the effectiveness of such interventions. This study aims to review the available evidence on the effectiveness of multi-component psychological interventions on anthropometric measures of school-aged children with overweight or obesity. Methods We systematically searched international databases/search engines including PubMed and NLM Gateway (for MEDLINE), Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar up to November 2022 for relevant articles pertaining to psychological weight-loss interventions targeting school-aged children. Two reviewers screened and extracted pertinent data. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials. Random effect meta-analysis was used to calculate, and pool standardized mean differences (SMD). We distinguished between intervention and maintenance effects. Intervention effects were defined as the mean change in outcome measurement detected between baseline and post-treatment. Maintenance effects were defined as the mean change in outcome measurement between post-treatment and last follow-up. Results Of 3,196 studies initially identified, 54 and 30 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses, respectively. Most studies reported on group-based interventions. The significant effects of intervention on BMI z-score (SMD -0.66, 95% CI: -1.15, -0.17) and WC (SMD -0.53, 95% CI: -1.03, -0.04) were observed for interventions that centered on motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy, respectively. Mean BMI and WC did not differ significantly between post-treatment and last follow-up measurement (maintenance effect), indicating that an initial weight loss obtained through the intervention period could be maintained over time. Conclusions Findings indicate that mo, Background: Multi-component psychological interventions may mitigate overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Evidence is, however, scattered on the effectiveness of such interventions. This study aims to review the available evidence on the effectiveness of multi-component psychological interventions on anthropometric measures of school-aged children with overweight or obesity. Methods: We systematically searched international databases/search engines including PubMed and NLM Gateway (for MEDLINE), Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar up to November 2022 for relevant articles pertaining to psychological weight-loss interventions targeting school-aged children. Two reviewers screened and extracted pertinent data. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials. Random effect meta-analysis was used to calculate, and pool standardized mean differences (SMD). We distinguished between intervention and maintenance effects. Intervention effects were defined as the mean change in outcome measurement detected between baseline and post-treatment. Maintenance effects were defined as the mean change in outcome measurement between post-treatment and last follow-up. Results: Of 3,196 studies initially identified, 54 and 30 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses, respectively. Most studies reported on group-based interventions. The significant effects of intervention on BMI z-score (SMD -0.66, 95% CI: -1.15, -0.17) and WC (SMD -0.53, 95% CI: -1.03, -0.04) were observed for interventions that centered on motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy, respectively. Mean BMI and WC did not differ significantly between post-treatment and last follow-up measurement (maintenance effect), indicating that an initial weight loss obtained through the intervention period could be maintained over time. Conclusions: Findings indicate that motivational interviewing and cognitiv

Exposure to mercury (Hg) and silver (Ag) has been shown to induce autoimmune diseases in genetically sus-ceptible rodents. Here, A.SW mice were initially exposed to HgCl2, AgNO3 or tap water (control) for 3 weeks. After 13 weeks of stoppage, all mice had secondary exposure to 203HgCl2. After secondary exposure, higher and earlier ANoA titers were observed in mice initially exposed to Hg or Ag compared to control. Further, mice initially exposed to Ag showed higher total IgG1 and IgG2a, Whole Body Retention and lymph nodes and spleen accumulation of Hg compared to mice initially exposed to Hg and controls. These findings showed an earlier and stronger immunological response in A.SW mice compared with control, following re-exposure to heavy metals indicating an immunological memory. Additionally, secondary exposure to a different heavy metal may aggra-vate the effects of exposure of at least one of the metals indicating cross-reactivity., Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council, Branch of Medicine [9453]; Ostergotland County Council; Linkoping University [LIU 2017-02122]

Background: Long-term weight loss in people living with obesity can reduce the risk and progression of noncommunicable diseases. Observational studies suggest that digital coaching can lead to long-term weight loss. Objective: We investigated whether an eHealth lifestyle coaching program for people living with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes led to significant, long-term (12-month) weight loss compared to usual care. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial that took place in 50 municipalities in Denmark, 340 people living with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes were enrolled from April 16, 2018, to April 1, 2019, and randomized via an automated computer algorithm to an intervention (n=200) or a control (n=140) group. Patients were recruited via their general practitioners, the Danish diabetes organization, and social media. The digital coaching intervention consisted of an initial 1-hour face-to-face motivational interview followed by digital coaching using behavioral change techniques enabled by individual live monitoring. The primary outcome was change in body weight from baseline to 12 months. Results: Data were assessed for 200 participants, including 127 from the intervention group and 73 from the control group, who completed 12 months of follow-up. After 12 months, mean body weight and BMI were significantly reduced in both groups but significantly more so in the intervention group than the control group (–4.5 kg, 95% CI –5.6 to –3.4 vs –1.5 kg, 95% CI –2.7 to –0.2, respectively; P<.001; and –1.5 kg/m2, 95% CI –1.9 to –1.2 vs –0.5 kg/m2, 95% CI –0.9 to –0.1, respectively; P<.001). Hemoglobin A1c was significantly reduced in both the intervention (–6.0 mmol/mol, 95% CI –7.7 to –4.3) and control (–4.9 mmol/mol, 95% CI –7.4 to –2.4) groups, without a significant group difference (all P>.46). Conclusions: Compared to usual care, digital lifestyle coaching can induce significant weight, Background: Long-term weight loss in people living with obesity can reduce the risk and progression of noncommunicable diseases. Observational studies suggest that digital coaching can lead to long-term weight loss. Objective: We investigated whether an eHealth lifestyle coaching program for people living with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes led to significant, long-term (12-month) weight loss compared to usual care. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial that took place in 50 municipalities in Denmark, 340 people living with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes were enrolled from April 16, 2018, to April 1, 2019, and randomized via an automated computer algorithm to an intervention (n=200) or a control (n=140) group. Patients were recruited via their general practitioners, the Danish diabetes organization, and social media. The digital coaching intervention consisted of an initial 1-hour face-to-face motivational interview followed by digital coaching using behavioral change techniques enabled by individual live monitoring. The primary outcome was change in body weight from baseline to 12 months. Results: Data were assessed for 200 participants, including 127 from the intervention group and 73 from the control group, who completed 12 months of follow-up. After 12 months, mean body weight and BMI were significantly reduced in both groups but significantly more so in the intervention group than the control group (-4.5 kg, 95% CI -5.6 to -3.4 vs -1.5 kg, 95% CI -2.7 to -0.2, respectively; P<.001; and -1.5 kg/m2, 95% CI -1.9 to -1.2 vs -0.5 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.9 to -0.1, respectively; P<.001). Hemoglobin A1c was significantly reduced in both the intervention (-6.0 mmol/mol, 95% CI -7.7 to -4.3) and control (-4.9 mmol/mol, 95% CI -7.4 to -2.4) groups, without a significant group difference (all P>.46). Conclusions: Compared to usual care, digital lifestyle coaching can induce significant weight loss for people living with obesity, both with and wi

The goal of this trial was to investigate whether an eHealth lifestyle coaching programme led to significant weight loss and decreased Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes. In an RCT, 170 patients were enrolled from 2018 to 2019 for intervention or control. Inclusion criteria were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, BMI 30-45 kg/m(2), and aged 18-70 years. Exclusion criteria were lacks internet access, pregnant or planning a pregnancy, or has a serious disease. Primary and secondary outcomes were a reduction in body weight and HbA1c. At six months, 75 (75%) patients in the intervention group and 53 (76%) patients in the control group remained in the trial. The mean body weight loss was 4.2 kg (95% CI, -5.49; -2.98) in the intervention group and 1.5 kg (95% CI, -2.57; -0.48) in the control group (p = 0.005). In the intervention group, 24 out of 62 patients with elevated HbA1c at baseline (39%) had a normalized HbA1c < 6.5% at six months, compared to 8 out of 40 patients with elevated HbA1c at baseline (20%) in the control group (p = 0.047). The eHealth lifestyle coaching programme can lead to significant weight loss and decreased HbA1c among patients with type 2 diabetes, compared to standard care.