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ObjectivesIncreasingly diverse caregiver populations have prompted studies examining culture and caregiver outcomes. Still, little is known about the influence of sociocultural factors and how they interact with caregiving context variables to influence psychological health. We explored the role of caregiving and acculturation factors on psychological distress among a diverse sample of adults.DesignSecondary data analysis of the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS).ParticipantsThe 2009 CHIS surveyed 47,613 adults representative of the population of California. This study included Latino and Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) caregivers and non-caregivers (n = 13,161).MeasurementsMultivariate weighted regression analyses examined caregiver status and acculturation variables (generational status, language of interview, and English language proficiency) and their associations with psychological distress (Kessler-6 scale). Covariates included caregiving context (e.g., support and neighborhood factors) and demographic variables.ResultsFirst generation caregivers had more distress than first-generation non-caregivers (β=0.92, 95% CI: (0.18, 1.65)); the difference in distress between caregivers and non-caregivers was smaller in the third than first generation (β=-1.21, 95% CI: (-2.24, -0.17)). Among those who did not interview in English (β=1.17, 95% CI: (0.13, 2.22)) and with low English proficiency (β=2.60, 95% CI: (1.21, 3.98)), caregivers reported more distress than non-caregivers.ConclusionsNon-caregivers exhibited the "healthy immigrant effect," where less acculturated individuals reported less distress. In contrast, caregivers who were less acculturated reported more distress.

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is an important tool for the identification of small molecules and metabolites where resultant spectra are most commonly identified by matching them with spectra in MS/MS reference libraries. While popular, this strategy is limited by the contents of existing reference libraries. In response to this limitation, various methods are being developed for the in silico generation of spectra to augment existing libraries. Recently, machine learning and deep learning techniques have been applied to predict spectra with greater speed and accuracy. Here, we investigate the challenges these algorithms face in achieving fast and accurate predictions on a wide range of small molecules. The challenges are often amplified by the use of generic machine learning benchmarking tactics, which lead to misleading accuracy scores. Curating data sets, only predicting spectra for sufficiently high collision energies, and working more closely with experimental mass spectrometrists are recommended strategies to improve overall prediction accuracy in this nuanced field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To assess the association between time to surgery (TTS) and survival in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma patients (SSCC). Methods: We queried the 2004–2016 National Cancer Database for all cases of adult SSCC undergoing primary surgical treatment. Patients with missing TTS information were excluded. We conducted a multivariate analysis of patient demographic and clinicopathological characteristics' effect on overall survival (OS) using a Cox proportional hazards model enhanced with cubic spline non‐linear approximation. Bootstrapping methods were utilized to detect the aggregate risk of TTS delay on patient OS. Results: A total of 2,881 patients met the inclusion criteria. The majority of patients were male (63.5%), White (86.3%), and over the age of 60 (58.4%). Parametric cubic spline approximation Cox hazard model detected a non‐linear association between patient OS and TTS below 30 days with the lowest risk occurring at 18 days and steadily increasing subsequently. To analyze the aggregate risk and identify the optimal TTS cut‐off after 30 days of surgical delay, the cohort sample was bootstrapped and dichotomized. The largest increase in aggregated risk was identified at 59 days (Hazards Ratio [HR] = 1.006 [0.839–1.084], p = 0.003). 60 days were used as the optimal TTS cut‐off for analyzing the survival rate using the Cox proportional hazard model. Undergoing surgery within 60 days translated to a 14.6% decreased chance of death (HR: 0.854 [0.83–0.96]). Conclusions: Increasing TTS is associated with worse overall survival in patients with SSCC. Our study suggests that surgery should be done within 60 days to achieve optimal survival results. Level of Evidence: 4 Laryngoscope, 133:3389–3395, 2023 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter, published in the Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus, discusses the epidemiology of pediatric dog bite-associated ocular injuries in the United States. The study used the National Trauma Data Bank to analyze cases from 2007 to 2014. The findings show that children under 10 years old are at the highest risk of ocular injuries from dog bites, particularly at home and likely from family dogs. The study also highlights the types of injuries and the need for careful management and surgical intervention. These findings can help inform safety recommendations for children interacting with dogs. [Extracted from the article]