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Camelina (Camelina Sativa) is a hexaploid dicotyledonous plant from the Brassicaceae family, which is very similar to the Arabidopsis. The number of camelina chromosomes is 40=2n. WRKY transcription factors are one of the most important gene families in plants that play an important role in regulating growth and development and response to various stresses. In this research, 224 WRKY genes were identified in the camelina plant by searching the database, and the chromosomal position, gene length, and conserved motifs were identified in the camelina plant based on the Arabidopsis. Also, in this study, in order to validate the research, 2 genes WRKY8 and WRKY57 under drought stress were investigated by the qPCR method. The results indicated that both the above-mentioned genes were strongly expressed under drought stress conditions in tolerant varieties compared to normal conditions, but the trend was opposite in sensitive varieties. This study has provided acceptable and valuable information for studying the evolution and function of the WRKY gene family in camelina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Auxin response transcription factors (ARFs) are involved in auxin-mediated responses and play a key role in regulating the growth and development of plant nutrition, such as roots, stems, leaves, and reproductive organs, such as flowers and fruits. A genome-wide analysis of ARFs can improve the understanding of their regulatory role in the growth and development of our knowledge. Although the ARF gene family has been studied in some plant species, its structural features, molecular evolution, and expression profiling in Echium plantagineum are still unknown. This study aims to better understand distinctive structural and functional features among ARF proteins in E. plantagineum. Methodology: In this study, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis was carried out to find All members of the ARF family in E. plantagineum based on two methods: 1) Hidden Markov Model (HMM) profiles of ARF gene family members and 2) Alignment with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ARF genes sequence. ARF proteins were performed. The conserved motifs of ARF genes were identified, the chromosomal map and location of ARF genes were analyzed using a map chart, phylogenetic relationships using FastTree, and their protein characteristics were analyzed using the Expasy-ProtParam online server. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships of E. plantagineum ARF proteins, a phylogenetic tree was drawn using the alignment of E. plantagineum protein sequences. Functional annotation and Gene Ontology classification were determined using the g: Profiler web server. The integrated network was predicted to identify co-expressed genes using the GeneMANIA web server. Results: Based on genome-wide analysis, 28 ARF genes were identified, widely distributed in multiple chromosomes of E. plantagineum. These genes have a transcription regulatory activity, and depending on the nature of the sequence, they have an activating or repressing role. Subcellular location prediction showed that the ARF proteins are most present in the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis of the 28 ARF proteins forms ten main classes; each class is specialized in function and provides insights into different orthologous relationships. The present study identifies the ARF gene family of E. plantagineum and its evolutionary relationship with the members of this family in Arabidopsis species. This issue can help identify ARF genes and reveal their function. Analysis of conserved motifs and domain search in ARF protein sequences showed that ARF proteins have DNA binding domains such as B3 and Auxin_resp domain in their structure. Chromosomal localization analysis showed that ARF members are widely distributed in chromosomes. The analysis of gene ontology terms (GO terms) in the biological process category showed that cellular process regulation, metabolic process regulation, stimulus-response, signaling, and biological regulation are the most significant GO terms. Conclusion: The results of this study provide a basis for identifying ARF genes and clarifying their function in E. plantagineum, which will be helpful for future research to discover and confirm the function of these genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the benefits of bacteria associated with the rhizosphere and phytoplane of halophytes, this research focused on examining the plant growth-promoting characteristics of bacteria isolated from Cressa cretica, Suaeda aegyptiaca, and Alhagi graecorum. From the 33 isolates tested, 9 exhibited plant growth-promoting traits. Bacillus rugosus strain CS5 and Bacillus sp. strain SS4 exhibited the notable growth inhibition of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum, with values of 47% and 45%, respectively. Bacillus sp. strains SS4 and CS1 demonstrated impressive results in solubilizing phosphorus and zinc, respectively, achieving concentrations of 259 and 271 mg L -1 . Additionally, Staphylococcus xylosus strain SR2, Bacillus sp. strain SS4, and Bacillus paralicheniformis strain CR1 thrived in nitrogen-free media. The Priestia filamentosa strain AL4 showed the greatest HCN production, whereas B. paralicheniformis strain CR1 was notable for higher auxin production. The Bacillus sp. strains SS4 and CS1 exhibited greater tolerance than other isolates in a medium containing 600 mM of NaCl. Additionally, inoculating these isolates into soil significantly alleviated the salinity and drought stress on Zea mays seedlings. These findings suggest that further investigation into these strains as microbial inoculants could be beneficial for mitigating salt and drought stress in plants., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)