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2,000 results on '"Neil, M. A. A."'

1. The putative center in NGC 1052

Author

Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Kadler, Matthias, Ros, Eduardo, Fromm, Christian M., Wielgus, Maciek, Perucho, Manel, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Baloković, Mislav, Blackburn, Lindy, Chan, Chi-kwan, Issaoun, Sara, Janssen, Michael, Ricci, Luca, Akiyama, Kazunori, Albentosa-Ruíz, Ezequiel, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Ball, David, Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Ceccobello, Chiara, Chael, Andrew, Chang, Dominic O., Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Dahale, Rohan, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Dihingia, Indu K., Doeleman, Sheperd S., Dougall, Sean Taylor, Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Edward, Ford, H. Alyson, Foschi, Marianna, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Joana A., Kramer, Michael, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, La Bella, Noemi, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lowitz, Amy E., Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mulaudzi, Wanga, Müller, Cornelia, Müller, Hendrik, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nair, Dhanya G., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Sánchez, Héctor Raúl Olivares, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Principe, Giacomo, Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Salas, León David Sosapanta, Souccar, Kamal, Stanway, Joshua S., Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Toscano, Teresa, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Washington, Jasmin E., Weintroub, Jonathan, Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yadlapalli, Nitika, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yfantis, Aristomenis, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yu, Wei, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, and Zhao, Guang-Yao

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Many active galaxies harbor powerful relativistic jets, however, the detailed mechanisms of their formation and acceleration remain poorly understood. To investigate the area of jet acceleration and collimation with the highest available angular resolution, we study the innermost region of the bipolar jet in the nearby low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) galaxy NGC 1052. We combined observations of NGC 1052 taken with VLBA, GMVA, and EHT over one week in the spring of 2017. For the first time, NGC 1052 was detected with the EHT, providing a size of the central region in-between both jet bases of 250 RS (Schwarzschild radii) perpendicular to the jet axes. This size estimate supports previous studies of the jets expansion profile which suggest two breaks of the profile at around 300 RS and 10000 RS distances to the core. Furthermore, we estimated the magnetic field to be 1.25 Gauss at a distance of 22 {\mu}as from the central engine by fitting a synchrotron-self absorption spectrum to the innermost emission feature, which shows a spectral turn-over at about 130 GHz. Assuming a purely poloidal magnetic field, this implies an upper limit on the magnetic field strength at the event horizon of 26000 Gauss, which is consistent with previous measurements. The complex, low-brightness, double-sided jet structure in NGC 1052 makes it a challenge to detect the source at millimeter (mm) wavelengths. However, our first EHT observations have demonstrated that detection is possible up to at least 230 GHz. This study offers a glimpse through the dense surrounding torus and into the innermost central region, where the jets are formed. This has enabled us to finally resolve this region and provide improved constraints on its expansion and magnetic field strength., Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures, published in A&A

Published
2025
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2. A multi-frequency study of sub-parsec jets with the Event Horizon Telescope

Author

Röder, Jan, Wielgus, Maciek, Lobanov, Andrei P., Krichbaum, Thomas P., Nair, Dhanya G., Lee, Sang-Sung, Ros, Eduardo, Fish, Vincent L., Blackburn, Lindy, Chan, Chi-kwan, Issaoun, Sara, Janssen, Michael, Johnson, Michael D., Doeleman, Sheperd S., Bower, Geoffrey C., Crew, Geoffrey B., Tilanus, Remo P. J., Savolainen, Tuomas, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Alberdi, Antxon, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Gómez, José L., Lu, Ru-Sen, Paraschos, Georgios F., Traianou, Efthalia, Goddi, Ciriaco, Kim, Daewon, Lisakov, Mikhail, Kovalev, Yuri Y., Voitsik, Petr A., Sokolovsky, Kirill V., Akiyama, Kazunori, Albentosa-Ruíz, Ezequiel, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Ceccobello, Chiara, Chael, Andrew, Chang, Dominic O., Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Curd, Brandon, Dahale, Rohan, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Dihingia, Indu K., Dougall, Sean Taylor, Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fomalont, Edward, Ford, H. Alyson, Foschi, Marianna, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jorstad, Svetlana, Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Joana A., Kramer, Michael, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, La Bella, Noemi, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Daeyoung, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lowitz, Amy E., MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mulaudzi, Wanga, Müller, Cornelia, Müller, Hendrik, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Sánchez, Héctor R. Olivares, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Principe, Giacomo, Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Salas, León David Sosapanta, Souccar, Kamal, Stanway, Joshua S., Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Toscano, Teresa, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib J., van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Washington, Jasmin E., Weintroub, Jonathan, Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yadlapalli, Nitika, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yfantis, Aristomenis, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yu, Wei, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The 2017 observing campaign of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) delivered the first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) images at the observing frequency of 230 GHz, leading to a number of unique studies on black holes and relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei (AGN). In total, eighteen sources were observed: the main science targets, Sgr A* and M87 along with various calibrators. We investigated the morphology of the sixteen AGN in the EHT 2017 data set, focusing on the properties of the VLBI cores: size, flux density, and brightness temperature. We studied their dependence on the observing frequency in order to compare it with the Blandford-K\"onigl (BK) jet model. We modeled the source structure of seven AGN in the EHT 2017 data set using linearly polarized circular Gaussian components and collected results for the other nine AGN from dedicated EHT publications, complemented by lower frequency data in the 2-86 GHz range. Then, we studied the dependences of the VLBI core flux density, size, and brightness temperature on the frequency measured in the AGN host frame. We compared the observations with the BK jet model and estimated the magnetic field strength dependence on the distance from the central black hole. Our results indicate a deviation from the standard BK model, particularly in the decrease of the brightness temperature with the observing frequency. Either bulk acceleration of the jet material, energy transfer from the magnetic field to the particles, or both are required to explain the observations.

Published
2025

3. Demographics of black holes at $<$100 R$_{\rm g}$ scales: accretion flows, jets, and shadows

Author

Nair, Dhanya G., Nagar, Neil M., Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Wielgus, Maciek, Arratia, Vicente, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Zhang, Xinyue A., Ricarte, Angelo, S., Silpa, Hernández-Yévenes, Joaquín, Ford, Nicole M., Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha, Gurwell, Mark, Burridge, Roman, Pesce, Dominic W., Doeleman, Sheperd S., Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Daewon, Janssen, Michael, von Fellenberg, Sebastiano D., Fromm, Christian M., Lee, Deokhyeong, Falcke, Heino, Wagner, Jan, Bower, Geoffrey C., Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Kim, Dong-Jin, Akiyama, Kazunori, Asada, Keiichi, Arevalo, Patricia, Bignall, Hayley, Blackburn, Lindy, Broderick, Avery E., Brunthaler, Andreas, Chan, Chi-kwan, Doi, Akihiro, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Edward, Gómez, José L., Haggard, Daryl, Hada, Kazuhiro, Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo, Hoak, Daniel, Hughes, David, Hlavacek-Larrondo, Julie, Jorstad, Svetlana, Johnson, Michael D., Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kharb, Preeti, Koay, Jun Yi, Koyama, Shoko, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Leigh, Nathan W. C., Lira, Paulina, Lindqvist, Michael, Lobanov, Andrei P., Lo, Wen-Ping, Lu, Ru-Sen, Markoff, Sera, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Martínez-Aldama, Mary Loli, Matthews, Lynn D., Matsushita, Satoki, Mezcua, Mar, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Hendrik, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nakamura, Masanori, Natarajan, Priyamvada, Narayanan, Gopal, Nowak, Michael A., Sánchez, Héctor Raúl Olivares, Park, Jongho, Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Porth, Oliver, Rao, Ramprasad, Reynolds, Cormac, Reeves, Rodrigo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Ros, Eduardo, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Schleicher, Dominik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Treister, Ezequiel, Wiik, Kaj, and Zensus, J. Anton

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), the gravitationally lensed rings around the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in Messier 87 (M87) and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) have now been successfully imaged at a resolution under 10 gravitational radii (R$_{\rm g}$ $ = \rm{GM/c^2}$). To expand studies beyond M87 and Sgr A*, we have constructed the Event Horizon and Environs (ETHER) sample, a comprehensive database encompassing approximately 3.15 million SMBH mass estimates, $\sim$ 20,000 Very-Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) radio flux densities, and $\sim$ 36,000 hard X-ray flux densities. This database is designed to identify and optimize target selection for the EHT and its upgrades on the ground and in space. We have identified a Gold Sample (GS) of nearby low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) within it that are ideal for studying jet bases and potentially imaging black hole shadows. We observed 27 of these AGNs using the EHT from 2022 to 2024, providing an opportunity to resolve and image accretion flows and jets at resolutions of $\leq$ 100 R$_{\rm g}$. Only a few SMBHs have sufficiently high enough flux density to be imaged at scales of $\leq$ 50 R$_{\rm g}$ with the present EHT. Among these are M87, Sgr A*, NGC4594 (Sombrero/M104), NGC4261, and NGC4374 (Messier 84/M84). Of these, NGC4261, Sombrero, and M84 have been observed and/or are scheduled for deep imaging with EHT+ALMA from 2023 to 2025. Sombrero, NGC4261, M84, NGC4278, and NGC5232 are clearly detected in our EHT+ALMA observations in 2022, indicating that the 230 GHz flux density from the accretion flows is significantly high. Ongoing imaging of the ETHER GS will enable measurements of black hole mass and spin, help constrain General Relativity, and enrich our understanding of jet launching and accretion inflows across a broad multi-parameter space, including black hole mass, spin, accretion rate, and orientation., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, published in Proceedings of the 16th EVN Symposium, Ed. E. Ros, P. Benke, S.A. Dzib, I. Rottmann, & J.A. Zensus, Bonn: Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Radioastronomie, 2024, pages 75-84, https://cloud.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/index.php/s/BkX2CC2Xjn2aKR4

Published
2024

4. Project TAIPAN: Results from a Novel Gravity Gradiometer Field Test

Author

Veryaskin, Alexey V., Golden, Howard C., McMahon, Khyl J., Provins, Neil M., van Kann, Frank J., and Meyer, Thomas J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Project TAIPAN has been carried out jointly by Trinity Research Lab and the Frequency and Quantum Metrology Research Group located at the School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing of the University of Western Australia (UWA). Lockheed Martin Corporation (USA) has also been a partner in this joint collaboration providing financial backing to the project and other support including advanced modelling, assessment of laboratory tests and data analysis. The project aim was to develop a miniaturised gravity gradiometer to measure horizontal mixed gradient components of the Earth gravity in a small, lightweight package that can be deployed in a fixed 4D mode, in a borehole, or on moving exploration platforms including ground-based, airborne and submersible. The gradiometer design has evolved through a few prototypes combining the design of its sensing element with ultra low noise microwave and capacitive read out. The most recent prototype of the gradiometer using novel ultra sensitive capacitive pick off metrology has been trialled in the harsh environment of Outback Western Australia over a known gravity anomaly displaying steep gradients. Despite adverse weather conditions, results of the trial indicate that the gradiometer operated as expected, closely replicating the gravity gradient profile extrapolated from a regional gravity survey., Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, supplementary materials (6 pages, 11 figures)

Published
2024

5. First Very Long Baseline Interferometry Detections at 870{\mu}m

Author

Raymond, Alexander W., Doeleman, Sheperd S., Asada, Keiichi, Blackburn, Lindy, Bower, Geoffrey C., Bremer, Michael, Broguiere, Dominique, Chen, Ming-Tang, Crew, Geoffrey B., Dornbusch, Sven, Fish, Vincent L., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Goddi, Ciriaco, Han, Chih-Chiang, Hecht, Michael H., Huang, Yau-De, Janssen, Michael, Keating, Garrett K., Koay, Jun Yi, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Lo, Wen-Ping, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Moran, James M., Norton, Timothy J., Patel, Nimesh, Pesce, Dominic W., Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Sánchez, Salvador, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Wagner, Jan, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wielgus, Maciek, Young, André, Akiyama, Kazunori, Albentosa-Ruíz, Ezequiel, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Boyce, Hope, Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chang, Dominic O., Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Crawford, Thomas M., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Dahale, Rohan, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Dihingia, Indu K., Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fomalont, Edward, Fontana, Anne-Laure, Ford, H. Alyson, Foschi, Marianna, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Georgiev, Boris, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Jones, Adam C., Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Joana A., Kramer, Michael, Kubo, Derek, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, La Bella, Noemi, Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lowitz, Amy E., Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mahieu, Sylvain, Maier, Doris, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Montgomery, Joshua, Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mulaudzi, Wanga, Müller, Cornelia, Müller, Hendrik, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Ni, Chunchong, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Sánchez, Héctor Raúl Olivares, Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Pen, Ue-Li, Piétu, Vincent, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Prather, Ben, Principe, Giacomo, Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Raffin, Philippe A., Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Ros, Eduardo, Roshanineshat, Arash, Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Salas, León David Sosapanta, Souccar, Kamal, Srinivasan, Ranjani, Stanway, Joshua S., Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Toma, Kenji, Toscano, Teresa, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Washington, Jasmin E., Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yadlapalli, Nitika, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yfantis, Aristomenis, Yoon, Doosoo, Younsi, Ziri, Yu, Wei, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) detections at 870$\mu$m wavelength (345$\,$GHz frequency) are reported, achieving the highest diffraction-limited angular resolution yet obtained from the surface of the Earth, and the highest-frequency example of the VLBI technique to date. These include strong detections for multiple sources observed on inter-continental baselines between telescopes in Chile, Hawaii, and Spain, obtained during observations in October 2018. The longest-baseline detections approach 11$\,$G$\lambda$ corresponding to an angular resolution, or fringe spacing, of 19$\mu$as. The Allan deviation of the visibility phase at 870$\mu$m is comparable to that at 1.3$\,$mm on the relevant integration time scales between 2 and 100$\,$s. The detections confirm that the sensitivity and signal chain stability of stations in the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) array are suitable for VLBI observations at 870$\mu$m. Operation at this short wavelength, combined with anticipated enhancements of the EHT, will lead to a unique high angular resolution instrument for black hole studies, capable of resolving the event horizons of supermassive black holes in both space and time., Comment: Corresponding author: S. Doeleman

Published
2024
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6. Anthropogenic organic aerosol in Europe produced mainly through second-generation oxidation

Author

Xiao, Mao, Wang, Mingyi, Mentler, Bernhard, Garmash, Olga, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Molteni, Ugo, Simon, Mario, Ahonen, Lauri, Amorim, Antonio, Baccarini, Andrea, Bauer, Paulus Salomon, Chen, Dexian, Chiu, Randall, Dada, Lubna, Duplissy, Jonathan, Finkenzeller, Henning, Fischer, Lukas, He, Xu-Cheng, Heinritzi, Martin, Hofbauer, Victoria, Kim, Changhyuk, Kürten, Andreas, Kvashnin, Aleksandr, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Liu, Yuliang, Mai, Huajun, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Mauldin, Roy, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Rissanen, Matti, Schuchmann, Simone, Sipilä, Mikko, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tauber, Christian, Tomé, António, Wagner, Robert, Yan, Chao, Yang, Boxing, Ye, Penglin, Zha, Qiaozi, Curtius, Joachim, Hansel, Armin, Kirkby, Jasper, Kulmala, Markku, Volkamer, Rainer, Winkler, Paul M., Worsnop, Douglas R., Nie, Wei, Donahue, Neil M., Hoyle, Christopher R., Jiang, Jianhui, Baltensperger, Urs, Dommen, Josef, and El Haddad, Imad

Published
2025
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7. Artificial intelligence for modelling infectious disease epidemics

Author

Kraemer, Moritz U. G., Tsui, Joseph L.-H., Chang, Serina Y., Lytras, Spyros, Khurana, Mark P., Vanderslott, Samantha, Bajaj, Sumali, Scheidwasser, Neil, Curran-Sebastian, Jacob Liam, Semenova, Elizaveta, Zhang, Mengyan, Unwin, H. Juliette T., Watson, Oliver J., Mills, Cathal, Dasgupta, Abhishek, Ferretti, Luca, Scarpino, Samuel V., Koua, Etien, Morgan, Oliver, Tegally, Houriiyah, Paquet, Ulrich, Moutsianas, Loukas, Fraser, Christophe, Ferguson, Neil M., Topol, Eric J., Duchêne, David A., Stadler, Tanja, Kingori, Patricia, Parker, Michael J., Dominici, Francesca, Shadbolt, Nigel, Suchard, Marc A., Ratmann, Oliver, Flaxman, Seth, Holmes, Edward C., Gomez-Rodriguez, Manuel, Schölkopf, Bernhard, Donnelly, Christl A., Pybus, Oliver G., Cauchemez, Simon, and Bhatt, Samir

Published
2025
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8. Answering real-world clinical questions using large language model based systems

Author

Low, Yen Sia, Jackson, Michael L., Hyde, Rebecca J., Brown, Robert E., Sanghavi, Neil M., Baldwin, Julian D., Pike, C. William, Muralidharan, Jananee, Hui, Gavin, Alexander, Natasha, Hassan, Hadeel, Nene, Rahul V., Pike, Morgan, Pokrzywa, Courtney J., Vedak, Shivam, Yan, Adam Paul, Yao, Dong-han, Zipursky, Amy R., Dinh, Christina, Ballentine, Philip, Derieg, Dan C., Polony, Vladimir, Chawdry, Rehan N., Davies, Jordan, Hyde, Brigham B., Shah, Nigam H., and Gombar, Saurabh

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract

Evidence to guide healthcare decisions is often limited by a lack of relevant and trustworthy literature as well as difficulty in contextualizing existing research for a specific patient. Large language models (LLMs) could potentially address both challenges by either summarizing published literature or generating new studies based on real-world data (RWD). We evaluated the ability of five LLM-based systems in answering 50 clinical questions and had nine independent physicians review the responses for relevance, reliability, and actionability. As it stands, general-purpose LLMs (ChatGPT-4, Claude 3 Opus, Gemini Pro 1.5) rarely produced answers that were deemed relevant and evidence-based (2% - 10%). In contrast, retrieval augmented generation (RAG)-based and agentic LLM systems produced relevant and evidence-based answers for 24% (OpenEvidence) to 58% (ChatRWD) of questions. Only the agentic ChatRWD was able to answer novel questions compared to other LLMs (65% vs. 0-9%). These results suggest that while general-purpose LLMs should not be used as-is, a purpose-built system for evidence summarization based on RAG and one for generating novel evidence working synergistically would improve availability of pertinent evidence for patient care., Comment: 28 pages (2 figures, 3 tables) inclusive of 8 pages of supplemental materials (4 supplemental figures and 4 supplemental tables)

Published
2024

9. Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC): human studies design and protocol

Author

Group, MoTrPAC Study, Jakicic, John M, Kohrt, Wendy M, Houmard, Joseph A, Miller, Michael E, Radom-Aizik, Shlomit, Rasmussen, Blake B, Ravussin, Eric, Serra, Monica, Stowe, Cynthia L, Trappe, Scott, Abouassi, Hiba, Adkins, Joshua N, Alekel, D Lee, Ashley, Euan, Bamman, Marcas M, Bergman, Bryan C, Bessesen, Daniel H, Broskey, Nicholas T, Buford, Thomas W, Burant, Charles F, Chen, Haiying, Christle, Jeffrey W, Clish, Clary B, Coen, Paul M, Collier, David, Collins, Katherine A, Cooper, Daniel M, Cortes, Tiffany, Cutter, Gary R, Dubis, Gabriel, Fernández, Facundo M, Firnhaber, Jonathon, Forman, Daniel E, Gaul, David A, Gay, Nicole, Gerszten, Robert E, Goodpaster, Bret H, Gritsenko, Marina A, Haddad, Fadia, Huffman, Kim M, Ilkayeva, Olga, Jankowski, Catherine M, Jin, Christopher, Johannsen, Neil M, Johnson, Johanna, Kelly, Leslie, Kershaw, Erin, Kraus, William E, Laughlin, Maren, Lester, Bridget, Lindholm, Malene E, Lowe, Adam, Lu, Ching-Ju, McGowan, Joan, Melanson, Edward L, Montgomery, Stephen, Moore, Samuel G, Moreau, Kerrie L, Muehlbauer, Michael, Musi, Nicolas, Nair, Venugopalan D, Newgard, Christopher B, Newman, Anne B, Nicklas, Barbara, Nindl, Bradley C, Ormond, Kelly, Piehowski, Paul D, Qian, Wei-Jun, Rankinen, Tuomo, Rejeski, W Jack, Robbins, Jeremy, Rogers, Renee J, Rooney, Jessica L, Rushing, Scott, Sanford, James A, Schauer, Irene E, Schwartz, Robert S, Sealfon, Stuart C, Slentz, Cris, Sloan, Ruben, Smith, Kevin S, Snyder, Michael, Spahn, Jessica, Sparks, Lauren M, Stefanovic-Racic, Maja, Tanner, Charles J, Thalacker-Mercer, Anna, Tracy, Russell, Trappe, Todd A, Volpi, Elena, Walsh, Martin J, Wheeler, Matthew T, and Willis, Leslie

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Public Health, Sports Science and Exercise, Clinical Sciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Physical Activity, Nutrition, Clinical Research, Obesity, Prevention, Cardiovascular, 6.7 Physical, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Exercise, Adult, Resistance Training, Child, Male, Female, Adolescent, Research Design, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscle Strength, Body Composition, Young Adult, Endurance Training, adipose tissue, biospecimens, molecular transducers, physical activity, skeletal muscle, MoTrPAC Study Group, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Physiology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Physical activity, including structured exercise, is associated with favorable health-related chronic disease outcomes. Although there is evidence of various molecular pathways that affect these responses, a comprehensive molecular map of these molecular responses to exercise has not been developed. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) is a multicenter study designed to isolate the effects of structured exercise training on the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise and physical activity. MoTrPAC contains both a preclinical and human component. The details of the human studies component of MoTrPAC that include the design and methods are presented here. The human studies contain both an adult and pediatric component. In the adult component, sedentary participants are randomized to 12 wk of Control, Endurance Exercise Training, or Resistance Exercise Training with outcomes measures completed before and following the 12 wk. The adult component also includes recruitment of highly active endurance-trained or resistance-trained participants who only complete measures once. A similar design is used for the pediatric component; however, only endurance exercise is examined. Phenotyping measures include weight, body composition, vital signs, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, physical activity and diet, and other questionnaires. Participants also complete an acute rest period (adults only) or exercise session (adults, pediatrics) with collection of biospecimens (blood only for pediatrics) to allow for examination of the molecular responses. The design and methods of MoTrPAC may inform other studies. Moreover, MoTrPAC will provide a repository of data that can be used broadly across the scientific community.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) will be the first large trial to isolate the effects of structured exercise training on the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise and physical activity. By generating a compendium of the molecular responses to exercise, MoTrPAC will lay the foundation for a new era of biomedical research on Precision Exercise Medicine. Presented here is the design, protocols, and procedures for the MoTrPAC human studies.

Published
2024

10. New particle formation from isoprene under upper-tropospheric conditions

Author

Shen, Jiali, Russell, Douglas M., DeVivo, Jenna, Kunkler, Felix, Baalbaki, Rima, Mentler, Bernhard, Scholz, Wiebke, Yu, Wenjuan, Caudillo-Plath, Lucía, Sommer, Eva, Ahongshangbam, Emelda, Alfaouri, Dina, Almeida, João, Amorim, Antonio, Beck, Lisa J., Beckmann, Hannah, Berntheusel, Moritz, Bhattacharyya, Nirvan, Canagaratna, Manjula R., Chassaing, Anouck, Cruz-Simbron, Romulo, Dada, Lubna, Duplissy, Jonathan, Gordon, Hamish, Granzin, Manuel, Große Schute, Lena, Heinritzi, Martin, Iyer, Siddharth, Klebach, Hannah, Krüger, Timm, Kürten, Andreas, Lampimäki, Markus, Liu, Lu, Lopez, Brandon, Martinez, Monica, Morawiec, Aleksandra, Onnela, Antti, Peltola, Maija, Rato, Pedro, Reza, Mago, Richter, Sarah, Rörup, Birte, Sebastian, Milin Kaniyodical, Simon, Mario, Surdu, Mihnea, Tamme, Kalju, Thakur, Roseline C., Tomé, António, Tong, Yandong, Top, Jens, Umo, Nsikanabasi Silas, Unfer, Gabriela, Vettikkat, Lejish, Weissbacher, Jakob, Xenofontos, Christos, Yang, Boxing, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Zhang, Jiangyi, Zheng, Zhensen, Baltensperger, Urs, Christoudias, Theodoros, Flagan, Richard C., El Haddad, Imad, Junninen, Heikki, Möhler, Ottmar, Riipinen, Ilona, Rohner, Urs, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Volkamer, Rainer, Winkler, Paul M., Hansel, Armin, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Donahue, Neil M., Lelieveld, Jos, Harder, Hartwig, Kulmala, Markku, Worsnop, Doug R., Kirkby, Jasper, Curtius, Joachim, and He, Xu-Cheng

Published
2024
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14. Intense formation of secondary ultrafine particles from Amazonian vegetation fires and their invigoration of deep clouds and precipitation

Author

Shrivastava, Manish, Fan, Jiwen, Zhang, Yuwei, Rasool, Quazi Z, Zhao, Bin, Shen, Jiewen, Pierce, Jeffrey R, Jathar, Shantanu H, Akherati, Ali, Zhang, Jie, Zaveri, Rahul A, Gaudet, Brian, Liu, Ying, Andreae, Meinrat O, Pöhlker, Mira L, Donahue, Neil M, Wang, Yuan, and Seinfeld, John H

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Action, Earth sciences, Environmental sciences
Published
2024

15. Incomplete mass closure in atmospheric nanoparticle growth

Author

Dominik Stolzenburg, Nina Sarnela, Federico Bianchi, Jing Cai, Runlong Cai, Yafang Cheng, Lubna Dada, Neil M. Donahue, Hinrich Grothe, Sebastian Holm, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Tuukka Petäjä, Juha Sulo, Paul M. Winkler, Chao Yan, Juha Kangasluoma, and Markku Kulmala

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

Abstract Nucleation and subsequent growth of new aerosol particles in the atmosphere is a major source of cloud condensation nuclei and persistent large uncertainty in climate models. Newly formed particles need to grow rapidly to avoid scavenging by pre-existing aerosols and become relevant for the climate and air quality. In the continental atmosphere, condensation of oxygenated organic molecules is often the dominant mechanism for rapid growth. However, the huge variety of different organics present in the continental boundary layer makes it challenging to predict nanoparticle growth rates from gas-phase measurements. Moreover, recent studies have shown that growth rates of nanoparticles derived from particle size distribution measurements show surprisingly little dependency on potentially condensable vapors observed in the gas phase. Here, we show that the observed nanoparticle growth rates in the sub-10 nm size range can be predicted in the boreal forest only for springtime conditions, even with state-of-the-art mass spectrometers and particle sizing instruments. We find that, especially under warmer conditions, observed growth is slower than predicted from gas-phase condensation. We show that only a combination of simple particle-phase reaction schemes, phase separation due to non-ideal solution behavior, or particle-phase diffusion limitations can explain the observed lower growth rates. Our analysis provides first insights as to why atmospheric nanoparticle growth rates above 10 nm h−1 are rarely observed. Ultimately, a reduction of experimental uncertainties and improved sub-10 nm particle hygroscopicity and chemical composition measurements are needed to further investigate the occurrence of such a growth rate-limiting process.

Published
2025
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16. Life course trajectories of maternal cardiovascular disease risk factors by obstetric history: a UK cohort study using electronic health records

Author

Kate Birnie, Laura D. Howe, Timothy Jones, Paul Madley-Dowd, Florence Z. Martin, Harriet Forbes, Maria Theresa Redaniel, Rosie Cornish, Maria C. Magnus, Neil M. Davies, Kate Tilling, Alun D. Hughes, Deborah A. Lawlor, and Abigail Fraser

Subjects
Adverse pregnancy outcomes, Preeclampsia, Gestational hypertension, Gestational diabetes, Cardiovascular risk factors, Medicine
Abstract

Abstract Background Women who experience adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs; gestational hypertension, preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes (GD), preterm birth (PTB), small or large for gestational age, miscarriage, multiple miscarriages, stillbirth, and offspring with major congenital anomalies) have increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to compare cardiometabolic health trajectories across the life course between women with and without APOs. Methods We studied 187,186 women with a registered pregnancy in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD linked to Hospital Episode Statistics. Fractional polynomial multilevel models were used to compare trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index [BMI], blood pressure [BP], cholesterol, and glucose) between women with and without a history of APOs (individual APOs in any pregnancy and number of APOs). We explored two underlying time axes: (1) time relative to first pregnancy (from 10 years before first pregnancy to 15 years after) and (2) age. Models controlled for age at first pregnancy, residential area deprivation, non-singleton pregnancy, parity, smoking status, ethnicity, and medications use. Results Women with a history of PE, gestational hypertension, or GD had higher BMI, BP, and glucose 10 years before first pregnancy compared to women without these APOs. These differences persisted 15 years post-first pregnancy. Women with a history of GD had a steeper post-partum rise in glucose. Women who experienced multiple (3 +) miscarriage, stillbirth, and/or medically indicated PTB had higher BP and BMI before and after pregnancy, with BP trajectories converging 15 years after first pregnancy. Women who experienced multiple APOs had the most adverse measurements across all cardiometabolic risk factors, with more unfavourable mean levels with each additional APO. There was little difference in cardiometabolic trajectories between women with and without a history of 1 or 2 miscarriages or congenital anomalies. Conclusions Women with APOs had adverse cardiometabolic profiles before first pregnancy, persisting up to 15 years post-pregnancy. Findings highlight the potential for targeted public health interventions to promote good cardiometabolic health in young adults transitioning from contraceptive use to planning pregnancies. APOs may identify young women who could benefit from monitoring CVD risk factors and interventions to improve cardiometabolic health.

Published
2025
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17. Investigating causal effects of income on health using two-sample Mendelian randomisation

Author

Erik Igelström, Marcus R. Munafò, Ben M. Brumpton, Neil M. Davies, George Davey Smith, Pekka Martikainen, Desmond Campbell, Peter Craig, Jim Lewsey, and S. Vittal Katikireddi

Subjects
Mendelian randomization, Income, Health inequalities, Social determinants of health, Genetic epidemiology, Causal inference, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Income is associated with many health outcomes, but it is unclear how far this reflects a causal relationship. Mendelian randomisation (MR) uses genetic variation between individuals to investigate causal effects and may overcome some of the confounding issues inherent in many observational study designs. Methods We used two-sample MR using data from unrelated individuals to estimate the effect of log occupational income on indicators of mental health, physical health, and health-related behaviours. We investigated pleiotropy (direct effects of genotype on the outcome) using robust MR estimators, CAUSE, and multivariable MR including education as a co-exposure. We also investigated demographic factors and dynastic effects using within-family analyses, and misspecification of the primary phenotype using bidirectional MR and Steiger filtering. Results We found that a 10% increase in income lowered the odds of depression (OR 0.92 [95% CI 0.86–0.98]), death (0.91 [0.86–0.96]), and ever-smoking (OR 0.91 [0.86–0.96]), and reduced BMI (− 0.06 SD [− 0.11, − 0.003]). We found little evidence of an effect on alcohol consumption (− 0.02 SD [− 0.01, 0.05]) or subjective wellbeing (0.02 SD [− 0.003, 0.04]), or on two negative control outcomes, childhood asthma (OR 0.99 [0.87, 1.13]) and birth weight (− 0.02 SD, [− 0.01, 0.05]). Within-family analysis and multivariable MR including education and income were imprecise, and there was substantial overlap between the genotypes associated with income and education: out of 36 genetic variants significantly associated with income, 29 were also significantly associated with education. Conclusions MR evidence provides some limited support for causal effects of income on some mental health outcomes and health behaviours, but the lack of reliable evidence from approaches accounting for family-level confounding and potential pleiotropic effects of education places considerable caveats on this conclusion. MR may nevertheless be a useful complement to other observational study designs since its assumptions and limitations are radically different. Further research is needed using larger family-based genetic cohorts, and investigating the overlap between income and other socioeconomic measures.

Published
2025
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18. The surgical time-out: the relationship between perceptions of a safety-task anchor and surgical team workflow

Author

Vivian J. Zagarese, Ivan Hernandez, Neil M. A. Hauenstein, Roseanne J. Foti, and Sarah H. Parker

Subjects
Time-out, Surgery, Workflow, Teams, Teamwork, RD1-811
Abstract

Abstract Background The surgical time-out is a critical safety measure used in the operating room (OR). We examined the mediating relationship of the length of the time-out between team perceived usefulness of the time-out, and the rate at which the circulating nurse left the OR to retrieve instruments. Methods 60 cardiac surgical teams were observed performing their work. The length of the time-out and the rate at which the circulating nurse left the OR was obtained by observation of the surgical team. We administered a survey with a 7-point Likert scale to assess the surgical staff’s perceived usefulness of the time-out at the end of the surgery. An analysis was conducted to test if length of the time-out mediated the relationship between perceived usefulness of the time-out and rate at which the nurse leaves the OR to retrieve an instrument useful for the surgery. Results The relationship of the length of the time-out with the rate at which the nurse leaves the OR was non-significant (β = 0.089, p = .496). However, the relationship between perceived usefulness of the time-out with the length of the time-out was significant (β = 0.346, p

Published
2025
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19. Implications of the Genomic Revolution for Education Research and Policy

Author

Tim T. Morris, Stephanie von Hinke, Lindsey Pike, Neil R. Ingram, George Davey Smith, Marcus R. Munafò, and Neil M. Davies

Abstract

Research at the intersection of social science and genomics, 'sociogenomics', is transforming our understanding of the interplay between genomics, individual outcomes and society. It has interesting and maybe unexpected implications for education research and policy. Here we review the growing sociogenomics literature and discuss its implications for educational researchers and policymakers. We cover key concepts and methods in genomic research into educational outcomes, how genomic data can be used to investigate social or environmental effects, the methodological strengths and limitations of genomic data relative to other observational social data, the role of intergenerational transmission and potential policy implications. The increasing availability of genomic data in studies can produce a wealth of new evidence for education research. This may provide opportunities for disentangling the environmental and genomic factors that influence educational outcomes and identifying potential mechanisms for intervention.

Published
2024
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20. BREAST CANCER Implementing a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Medicine Clinic for Cancer Survivorship

Author

Iyengar, Neil M. and Millstein, Rachel A.

Subjects
Drug therapy, Case studies, Physical fitness -- Case studies, Substance abuse -- Drug therapy -- Case studies, Evidence-based medicine -- Case studies, Nurse practitioners -- Case studies, Stress management -- Case studies, Cancer research -- Case studies, Medical societies -- Case studies, Psychologists -- Case studies, Cannabidiol -- Case studies, Exercise -- Case studies, Breast cancer -- Case studies -- Drug therapy, Medical schools -- Case studies, Oncology, Experimental -- Case studies, Medical colleges -- Case studies, Cancer -- Research
Abstract

There are currently over 18 million cancer survivors in the US, with this population projected to increase to 26 million by 2040. (1,2) As the US population ages and cancer [...], Background: Lifestyle medicine (LM) is increasingly recognized in cancer survivorship guidelines. The 6 LM pillars are physical activity, a predominantly plant diet, restorative sleep, stress management, avoiding risky substance use, and social connections. Through a multidisciplinary LM clinic in oncology, we describe 2 illustrative cases and the implications for broader implementation and dissemination of this clinic model. Methods: In the multidisciplinary LM clinic in oncology, patients meet with an American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM) board-certified physician or nurse practitioner, a registered dietitian, and, as needed, a clinical psychologist, a psychiatrist, an obesity medicine physician, a physical therapist, and/or a rehabilitation medicine physician. Results: Patient 1 met with the physician, the registered dietitian, the psychologist, and an affiliated cancer center psychiatrist. Patient 2 met with the nurse practitioner and the registered dietitian. The 2 cases presented illustrate the diversity of LM pillars and strategies to increase health and well-being post cancer treatment. Conclusion: This paper details the model of implementation of a novel oncology-focused multidisciplinary LM clinic and the clinical focuses of 2 diverse patients. The LM needs of cancer survivors seeking lifestyle consultation are growing, and awareness of the benefits of LM for this population can enhance the quality of life for patients who are survivors of cancer. Keywords: lifestyle medicine, cancer, survivorship, clinical program, case studies

Published
2024

22. Global variability in atmospheric new particle formation mechanisms

Author

Zhao, Bin, Donahue, Neil M., Zhang, Kai, Mao, Lizhuo, Shrivastava, Manish, Ma, Po-Lun, Shen, Jiewen, Wang, Shuxiao, Sun, Jian, Gordon, Hamish, Tang, Shuaiqi, Fast, Jerome, Wang, Mingyi, Gao, Yang, Yan, Chao, Singh, Balwinder, Li, Zeqi, Huang, Lyuyin, Lou, Sijia, Lin, Guangxing, Wang, Hailong, Jiang, Jingkun, Ding, Aijun, Nie, Wei, Qi, Ximeng, Chi, Xuguang, and Wang, Lin

Published
2024
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23. A search for pulsars around Sgr A* in the first Event Horizon Telescope dataset

Author

Torne, Pablo, Liu, Kuo, Eatough, Ralph P., Wongphechauxsorn, Jompoj, Cordes, James M., Desvignes, Gregory, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Kramer, Michael, Ransom, Scott M., Chatterjee, Shami, Wharton, Robert, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Blackburn, Lindy, Janssen, Michael, Chan, Chi-kwan, Crew, Geoffrey B., Matthews, Lynn D., Goddi, Ciriaco, Rottmann, Helge, Wagner, Jan, Sanchez, Salvador, Ruiz, Ignacio, Abbate, Federico, Bower, Geoffrey C., Salamanca, Juan J., Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Herrera-Aguilar, Alfredo, Jiang, Wu, Lu, Ru-Sen, Pen, Ue-Li, Raymond, Alexander W., Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Paubert, Gabriel, Sanchez-Portal, Miguel, Kramer, Carsten, Castillo, Manuel, Navarro, Santiago, John, David, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Johnson, Michael D., Rygl, Kazi L. J., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauboeck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Ceccobello, Chiara, Chael, Andrew, Chang, Dominic O., Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Crawford, Thomas M., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Dahale, Rohan, Davelaar, Jordy, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Foschi, Marianna, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Gold, Roman, Gomez, Jose L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jorstad, Svetlana, Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koyama, Shoko, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, La Bella, Noemi, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Muller, Cornelia, Muller, Hendrik, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Ozel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pesce, Dominic W., Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Potzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toscano, Teresa, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yadlapalli, Nitika, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yfantis, Aristomenis, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yu, Wei, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed in 2017 the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at a frequency of 228.1 GHz ($\lambda$=1.3 mm). The fundamental physics tests that even a single pulsar orbiting Sgr A* would enable motivate searching for pulsars in EHT datasets. The high observing frequency means that pulsars - which typically exhibit steep emission spectra - are expected to be very faint. However, it also negates pulse scattering, an effect that could hinder pulsar detections in the Galactic Center. Additionally, magnetars or a secondary inverse Compton emission could be stronger at millimeter wavelengths than at lower frequencies. We present a search for pulsars close to Sgr A* using the data from the three most-sensitive stations in the EHT 2017 campaign: the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Large Millimeter Telescope and the IRAM 30 m Telescope. We apply three detection methods based on Fourier-domain analysis, the Fast-Folding-Algorithm and single pulse search targeting both pulsars and burst-like transient emission; using the simultaneity of the observations to confirm potential candidates. No new pulsars or significant bursts were found. Being the first pulsar search ever carried out at such high radio frequencies, we detail our analysis methods and give a detailed estimation of the sensitivity of the search. We conclude that the EHT 2017 observations are only sensitive to a small fraction ($\lesssim$2.2%) of the pulsars that may exist close to Sgr A*, motivating further searches for fainter pulsars in the region., Comment: 33 pages, 7 figures, 6 Tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2023

24. Antiseizure medication use during pregnancy and children’s neurodevelopmental outcomes

Author

Paul Madley-Dowd, Viktor H. Ahlqvist, Harriet Forbes, Jessica E. Rast, Florence Z. Martin, Caichen Zhong, Ciarrah-Jane S. Barry, Daniel Berglind, Michael Lundberg, Kristen Lyall, Craig J. Newschaffer, Torbjörn Tomson, Neil M. Davies, Cecilia Magnusson, Dheeraj Rai, and Brian K. Lee

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract The teratogenic potential of valproate in pregnancy is well established; however, evidence regarding the long-term safety of other antiseizure medications (ASMs) during pregnancy remains limited. Using routinely collected primary care data from the UK and nationwide Swedish registries to create a cohort of 3,182,773 children, of which 17,495 were exposed to ASMs in pregnancy, we show that those exposed to valproate were more likely to receive a diagnosis of autism, intellectual disability, and ADHD, when compared to children not exposed to ASMs. Additionally, children exposed to topiramate were 2.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with intellectual disability (95% CI: 1.23–4.98), and those exposed to carbamazepine were 1.25 times more likely to be diagnosed with autism (95% CI: 1.05–1.48) and 1.30 times more likely to be diagnosed with intellectual disability (95% CI: 1.01–1.69). There was little evidence that children exposed to lamotrigine in pregnancy were more likely to receive neurodevelopmental diagnoses. While further research is needed, these findings may support considering safer treatment alternatives well before conception when clinically appropriate.

Published
2024
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25. Policy impact of the Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team: global perspective and United Kingdom case study

Author

Sabine L. van Elsland, Ryan M. O’Hare, Ruth McCabe, Daniel J. Laydon, Neil M. Ferguson, Anne Cori, and Paula Christen

Subjects
Knowledge translation, Evidence-to-policy pathway, COVID-19, Mathematical modelling, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Mathematical models and advanced analytics play an important role in policy decision making and mobilizing action. The Imperial College Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Response Team (ICCRT) provided continuous, timely and robust epidemiological analyses to inform the policy responses of governments and public health agencies around the world. This study aims to quantify the policy impact of ICCRT outputs, and understand which evidence was considered policy-relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We collated all outputs published by the ICCRT between 01-01-2020 and 24-02-2022 and conducted inductive thematic analysis. A systematic search of the Overton database identified policy document references, as an indicator of policy impact. Results We identified 620 outputs including preprints (16%), reports (29%), journal articles (37%) and news items (18%). More than half (56%) of all reports and preprints were subsequently peer-reviewed and published as a journal article after 202 days on average. Reports and preprints were crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic to the timely distribution of important research findings. One-fifth of ICCRT outputs (21%) were available to or considered by United Kingdom government meetings. Policy documents from 41 countries in 26 different languages referenced 43% of ICCRT outputs, with a mean time between publication and reference in the policy document of 256 days. We analysed a total of 1746 policy document references. Two-thirds (61%) of journal articles, 39% of preprints, 31% of reports and 16% of news items were referenced in one or more policy documents (these 217 outputs had a mean of 8 policy document references per output). The most frequent themes of the evidence produced by the ICCRT reflected the evidence-need for policy decision making, and evolved accordingly from the pre-vaccination phase [severity, healthcare demand and capacity, and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)] to the vaccination phase of the epidemic (variants and genomics). Conclusion The work produced by the ICCRT affected global and domestic policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus of evidence produced by the ICCRT corresponded with changing policy needs over time. The policy impact from ICCRT news items highlights the effectiveness of this unique communication strategy in addition to traditional research outputs, ensuring research informs policy decisions more effectively.

Published
2024
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26. The calls of Vietnamese bats: a major step toward the acoustic characterization of Asian bats

Author

Dorottya Győrössy, Gábor Csorba, Kriszta Lilla Szabadi, Péter Estók, Vuong Tan Tu, Vu Dinh Thong, Neil M. Furey, Joe Chun-Chia Huang, Mao-Ning Tuanmu, Dai Fukui, Sándor Zsebők, and Tamás Görföl

Subjects
Chiroptera, Acoustics, Echolocation, Species identification, Classification, Acoustic monitoring, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Southeast Asia includes several global biodiversity hotspots and bats account for nearly one-third of mammal species currently known in the region. While acoustic methods have become widespread in bat research, basic information is often lacking on the echolocation calls produced by Asian bat species. Since such information can aid a wide variety of research and conservation initiatives, descriptions of the calls emitted by Asian bats are fundamental. The aim of our study was to provide a standardized analysis and description of the Vietnamese bat echolocation calls. We analyzed call recordings of 87 species arranged in eight families. This constitutes 74% of the echolocating bats presently known in Vietnam and includes the first call descriptions for five taxa. Our use of an open-source software and the deposition of recordings in the ChiroVox repository will facilitate comparative studies in Asia and the information we provide represents one of the most comprehensive bioacoustic databases for Asian bats to date.

Published
2024
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27. Parental Education and Children's Depression, Anxiety, and ADHD Traits, a Within-Family Study in MoBa

Author

Amanda M. Hughes, Fartein Ask Torvik, Elsje van Bergen, Laurie J. Hannigan, Elizabeth C. Corfield, Ole A. Andreassen, Eivind Ystrom, Helga Ask, George Davey Smith, Neil M. Davies, and Alexandra Havdahl

Abstract

Children born to parents with fewer years of education are more likely to have depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it is unclear to what extent these associations are causal. We estimated the effect of parents' educational attainment on children's depressive, anxiety, and ADHD traits at age 8 years, in a sample of 40,879 Norwegian children born in 1998-2009 and their parents. We used within-family Mendelian randomization, which employs genetic variants as instrumental variables, and controlled for direct genetic effects by adjusting for children's polygenic indexes. We found little evidence that mothers' or fathers' educational attainment independently affected children's depressive, anxiety, or ADHD traits. However, children's own polygenic scores for educational attainment were independently and negatively associated with these traits. Results suggest that differences in these traits according to parents' education may reflect direct genetic effects more than genetic nurture. Consequences of social disadvantage for children's mental health may however be more visible in samples with more socioeconomic variation, or contexts with larger socioeconomic disparities than present-day Norway. Further research is required in populations with more educational and economic inequality and in other age groups.

Published
2024
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28. Comparative cardiometabolic safety and effectiveness of aripiprazole in people with severe mental illness: A target trial emulation

Author

Richards-Belle, Alvin, Launders, Naomi, Hardoon, Sarah, Richards, Al, Man, Kenneth K.C., Davies, Neil M., Bramon, Elvira, Hayes, Joseph F., and Osborn, David P.J.

Subjects
Aripiprazole -- Comparative analysis -- Patient outcomes -- Usage, Comorbidity -- Patient outcomes, Mentally ill -- Drug therapy -- Patient outcomes, Metabolic diseases -- Patient outcomes, Cardiovascular diseases -- Patient outcomes
Abstract

Background There is limited and conflicting evidence on the comparative cardiometabolic safety and effectiveness of aripiprazole in the management of severe mental illness. We investigated the hypothesis that aripiprazole has a favourable cardiometabolic profile, but similar effectiveness when compared to olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone. Methods and findings We conducted an observational emulation of a head-to-head trial of aripiprazole versus olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in UK primary care using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We included adults diagnosed with severe mental illness (i.e., bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and other non-organic psychoses) who were prescribed a new antipsychotic between 2005 and 2017, with a 2-year follow-up to 2019. The primary outcome was total cholesterol at 1 year (cardiometabolic safety). The main secondary outcome was psychiatric hospitalisation (effectiveness). Other outcomes included body weight, blood pressure, all-cause discontinuation, and mortality. Analyses adjusted for baseline confounders, including sociodemographics, diagnoses, concomitant medications, and cardiometabolic parameters. We included 26,537 patients (aripiprazole, n = 3,573, olanzapine, n = 8,554, quetiapine, n = 8,289, risperidone, n = 6,121). Median (IQR) age was 53 (42-67) years, 55.4% were female, 82.3% White, and 18.0% were diagnosed with schizophrenia. Patients prescribed aripiprazole had similar total cholesterol levels after 1 year to those prescribed olanzapine (adjusted mean difference [aMD], -0.03, 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.02, p = 0.261), quetiapine (aMD, -0.03, 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.03, p = 0.324), and risperidone (aMD, -0.01, 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.05, p = 0.707). However, there was evidence that patients prescribed aripiprazole had better outcomes on other cardiometabolic parameters, such as body weight and blood pressure, especially compared to olanzapine. After additional adjustment for prior hospitalisation, patients prescribed aripiprazole had similar rates of psychiatric hospitalisation as those prescribed olanzapine (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.91, 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.01, p = 0.078), quetiapine (aHR, 0.94, 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.04, p = 0.230), or risperidone (aHR, 1.01, 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.12, p = 0.854). Conclusions Data from our large, powered, diverse, real-world target trial emulation sample, followed over 2 years, suggest that adults diagnosed with severe mental illness prescribed aripiprazole have similar total cholesterol 1 year after first prescription compared to those prescribed olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone. However, patients prescribed aripiprazole had better outcomes on some other cardiometabolic parameters, and there was little evidence of differences in effectiveness. Our findings inform a common clinical dilemma and contribute to the evidence base for real-world clinical decision-making on antipsychotic choice for patients diagnosed with severe mental illness., Author(s): Alvin Richards-Belle 1,*, Naomi Launders 1, Sarah Hardoon 1, Al Richards 2, Kenneth K.C. Man 3,4,5,6, Neil M. Davies 1,7,8, Elvira Bramon 1,9, Joseph F. Hayes 1,9, David P.J. [...]

Published
2025
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33. Author Correction: Trans-ancestral genome-wide association study of longitudinal pubertal height growth and shared heritability with adult health outcomes

Author

Bradfeld, Jonathan P., Kember, Rachel L., Ulrich, Anna, Balkhiyarova, Zhanna, Alyass, Akram, Aris, Izzuddin M., Bell, Joshua A., Broadaway, K. Alaine, Chen, Zhanghua, Chai, Jin-Fang, Davies, Neil M., Fernandez-Orth, Dietmar, Bustamante, Mariona, Fore, Ruby, Ganguli, Amitavo, Heiskala, Anni, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Íñiguez, Carmen, Kobes, Sayuko, Leinonen, Jaakko, Lowry, Estelle, Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka, Mahajan, Anubha, Pitkänen, Niina, Schnurr, Theresia M., Have, Christian Theil, Strachan, David P., Thiering, Elisabeth, Vogelezang, Suzanne, Wade, Kaitlin H., Wang, Carol A., Wong, Andrew, Holm, Louise Aas, Chesi, Alessandra, Choong, Catherine, Cruz, Miguel, Elliott, Paul, Franks, Steve, Frithiof-Bøjsøe, Christine, Gauderman, W. James, Glessner, Joseph T., Gilsanz, Vicente, Griesman, Kendra, Hanson, Robert L., Kaakinen, Marika, Kalkwarf, Heidi, Kelly, Andrea, Kindler, Joseph, Kähönen, Mika, Lanca, Carla, Lappe, Joan, Lee, Nanette R., McCormack, Shana, Mentch, Frank D., Mitchell, Jonathan A., Mononen, Nina, Niinikoski, Harri, Oken, Emily, Pahkala, Katja, Sim, Xueling, Teo, Yik-Ying, Baier, Leslie J., van Beijsterveldt, Toos, Adair, Linda S., Boomsma, Dorret I., de Geus, Eco, Guxens, Mònica, Eriksson, Johan G., Felix, Janine F., Gilliland, Frank D., Hansen, Torben, Hardy, Rebecca, Hivert, Marie-France, Holm, Jens-Christian, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Lehtimäki, Terho, Mackey, David A., Meyre, David, Mohlke, Karen L., Mykkänen, Juha, Oberfeld, Sharon, Pennell, Craig E., Perry, John R. B., Raitakari, Olli, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Saw, Seang-Mei, Sebert, Sylvain, Shepherd, John A., Standl, Marie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Timpson, Nicholas J., Torrent, Maties, Willemsen, Gonneke, Hypponen, Elina, Power, Chris, McCarthy, Mark I., Freathy, Rachel M., Widén, Elisabeth, Hakonarson, Hakon, Prokopenko, Inga, Voight, Benjamin F., Zemel, Babette S., Grant, Struan F. A., and Cousminer, Diana L.

Published
2024
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37. Ecological countermeasures to prevent pathogen spillover and subsequent pandemics

Author

Plowright, Raina K., Ahmed, Aliyu N., Coulson, Tim, Crowther, Thomas W., Ejotre, Imran, Faust, Christina L., Frick, Winifred F., Hudson, Peter J., Kingston, Tigga, Nameer, P. O., O’Mara, M. Teague, Peel, Alison J., Possingham, Hugh, Razgour, Orly, Reeder, DeeAnn M., Ruiz-Aravena, Manuel, Simmons, Nancy B., Srinivas, Prashanth N., Tabor, Gary M., Tanshi, Iroro, Thompson, Ian G., Vanak, Abi T., Vora, Neil M., Willison, Charley E., and Keeley, Annika T. H.

Published
2024
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39. Trans-ancestral genome-wide association study of longitudinal pubertal height growth and shared heritability with adult health outcomes

Author

Bradfield, Jonathan P., Kember, Rachel L., Ulrich, Anna, Balkhiyarova, Zhanna, Alyass, Akram, Aris, Izzuddin M., Bell, Joshua A., Broadaway, K. Alaine, Chen, Zhanghua, Chai, Jin-Fang, Davies, Neil M., Fernandez-Orth, Dietmar, Bustamante, Mariona, Fore, Ruby, Ganguli, Amitavo, Heiskala, Anni, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Íñiguez, Carmen, Kobes, Sayuko, Leinonen, Jaakko, Lowry, Estelle, Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka, Mahajan, Anubha, Pitkänen, Niina, Schnurr, Theresia M., Have, Christian Theil, Strachan, David P., Thiering, Elisabeth, Vogelezang, Suzanne, Wade, Kaitlin H., Wang, Carol A., Wong, Andrew, Holm, Louise Aas, Chesi, Alessandra, Choong, Catherine, Cruz, Miguel, Elliott, Paul, Franks, Steve, Frithioff-Bøjsøe, Christine, Gauderman, W. James, Glessner, Joseph T., Gilsanz, Vicente, Griesman, Kendra, Hanson, Robert L., Kaakinen, Marika, Kalkwarf, Heidi, Kelly, Andrea, Kindler, Joseph, Kähönen, Mika, Lanca, Carla, Lappe, Joan, Lee, Nanette R., McCormack, Shana, Mentch, Frank D., Mitchell, Jonathan A., Mononen, Nina, Niinikoski, Harri, Oken, Emily, Pahkala, Katja, Sim, Xueling, Teo, Yik-Ying, Baier, Leslie J., van Beijsterveldt, Toos, Adair, Linda S., Boomsma, Dorret I., de Geus, Eco, Guxens, Mònica, Eriksson, Johan G., Felix, Janine F., Gilliland, Frank D., Biobank, Penn Medicine, Hansen, Torben, Hardy, Rebecca, Hivert, Marie-France, Holm, Jens-Christian, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Lehtimäki, Terho, Mackey, David A., Meyre, David, Mohlke, Karen L., Mykkänen, Juha, Oberfield, Sharon, Pennell, Craig E., Perry, John R. B., Raitakari, Olli, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Saw, Seang-Mei, Sebert, Sylvain, Shepherd, John A., Standl, Marie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Timpson, Nicholas J., Torrent, Maties, Willemsen, Gonneke, Hypponen, Elina, Power, Chris, McCarthy, Mark I., Freathy, Rachel M., Widén, Elisabeth, Hakonarson, Hakon, Prokopenko, Inga, Voight, Benjamin F., Zemel, Babette S., Grant, Struan F. A., and Cousminer, Diana L.

Published
2024
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41. Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope

Author

Johnson, Michael D., Akiyama, Kazunori, Blackburn, Lindy, Bouman, Katherine L., Broderick, Avery E., Cardoso, Vitor, Fender, R. P., Fromm, Christian M., Galison, Peter, Gómez, José L., Haggard, Daryl, Lister, Matthew L., Lobanov, Andrei P., Markoff, Sera, Narayan, Ramesh, Natarajan, Priyamvada, Nichols, Tiffany, Pesce, Dominic W., Younsi, Ziri, Chael, Andrew, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chaves, Ryan, Doboszewski, Juliusz, Dodson, Richard, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Elder, Jamee, Fitzpatrick, Garret, Haworth, Kari, Houston, Janice, Issaoun, Sara, Kovalev, Yuri Y., Levis, Aviad, Lico, Rocco, Marcoci, Alexandru, Martens, Niels C. M., Nagar, Neil M., Oppenheimer, Aaron, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Ricarte, Angelo, Rioja, María J., Roelofs, Freek, Thresher, Ann C., Tiede, Paul, Weintroub, Jonathan, and Wielgus, Maciek

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has led to the first images of a supermassive black hole, revealing the central compact objects in the elliptical galaxy M87 and the Milky Way. Proposed upgrades to this array through the next-generation EHT (ngEHT) program would sharply improve the angular resolution, dynamic range, and temporal coverage of the existing EHT observations. These improvements will uniquely enable a wealth of transformative new discoveries related to black hole science, extending from event-horizon-scale studies of strong gravity to studies of explosive transients to the cosmological growth and influence of supermassive black holes. Here, we present the key science goals for the ngEHT and their associated instrument requirements, both of which have been formulated through a multi-year international effort involving hundreds of scientists worldwide., Comment: 32 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in a special issue of Galaxies on the ngEHT (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/galaxies/special_issues/ngEHT_blackholes)

Published
2023
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42. Comparison of Polarized Radiative Transfer Codes used by the EHT Collaboration

Author

Prather, Ben S., Dexter, Jason, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Pu, Hung-Yi, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Davelaar, Jordy, Younsi, Ziri, Gammie, Charles F., Gold, Roman, Wong, George N., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Ceccobello, Chiara, Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chang, Dominic O., Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dhruv, Vedant, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, La Bella, Noemi, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Müller, Cornelia, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wu, Qingwen, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yfantis, Aristomenis, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Yu, Wei, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Interpretation of resolved polarized images of black holes by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) requires predictions of the polarized emission observable by an Earth-based instrument for a particular model of the black hole accretion system. Such predictions are generated by general relativistic radiative transfer (GRRT) codes, which integrate the equations of polarized radiative transfer in curved spacetime. A selection of ray-tracing GRRT codes used within the EHT collaboration is evaluated for accuracy and consistency in producing a selection of test images, demonstrating that the various methods and implementations of radiative transfer calculations are highly consistent. When imaging an analytic accretion model, we find that all codes produce images similar within a pixel-wise normalized mean squared error (NMSE) of 0.012 in the worst case. When imaging a snapshot from a cell-based magnetohydrodynamic simulation, we find all test images to be similar within NMSEs of 0.02, 0.04, 0.04, and 0.12 in Stokes I, Q, U , and V respectively. We additionally find the values of several image metrics relevant to published EHT results to be in agreement to much better precision than measurement uncertainties., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2023
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43. Signatures of winds and jets in the environment of supermassive black holes

Author

Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha, Fendt, Christian, Schleicher, Dominik R. G., Lagunas, Javier, Pedreros, Javier, Nagar, Neil M., and Agurto, Felipe

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (EHTC) has presented first - dynamic-range limited - images of the black hole shadows in M87 and Sgr A*. The next generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT) will provide higher sensitivity and higher dynamic range images (and movies) of these two sources plus image at least a dozen others at $\leq$100 gravitational radii resolution. We here perform an exploratory study of the appearance of winds and jets in such future observations. To do this we use M87 and Sgr A* as reference systems: we do not aim to exactly reproduce them, but rather to determine how their observed images will depend on specific physical assumptions. Even in the case of similar or the same dynamics, the images depend significantly on global parameters such as the black hole mass and the mass accretion rate. Our results provide guidance in the interpretation of future high-resolution images, particularly if a wind or jet is detected., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, Submitted to MNRAS

Published
2023

48. The impact of ammonia on particle formation in the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer

Author

Christos Xenofontos, Matthias Kohl, Samuel Ruhl, João Almeida, Hannah M. Beckmann, Lucía Caudillo-Plath, Sebastian Ehrhart, Kristina Höhler, Milin Kaniyodical Sebastian, Weimeng Kong, Felix Kunkler, Antti Onnela, Pedro Rato, Douglas M. Russell, Mario Simon, Leander Stark, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Gabriela R. Unfer, Boxing Yang, Wenjuan Yu, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Imad Zgheib, Zhensen Zheng, Joachim Curtius, Neil M. Donahue, Imad El Haddad, Richard C. Flagan, Hamish Gordon, Hartwig Harder, Xu-Cheng He, Jasper Kirkby, Markku Kulmala, Ottmar Möhler, Mira L. Pöhlker, Siegfried Schobesberger, Rainer Volkamer, Mingyi Wang, Stephan Borrmann, Andrea Pozzer, Jos Lelieveld, and Theodoros Christoudias

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

Abstract During summer, ammonia emissions in Southeast Asia influence air pollution and cloud formation. Convective transport by the South Asian monsoon carries these pollutant air masses into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), where they accumulate under anticyclonic flow conditions. This air mass accumulation is thought to contribute to particle formation and the development of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). Despite the known influence of ammonia and particulate ammonium on air pollution, a comprehensive understanding of the ATAL is lacking. In this modelling study, the influence of ammonia on particle formation is assessed with emphasis on the ATAL. We use the EMAC chemistry-climate model, incorporating new particle formation parameterisations derived from experiments at the CERN CLOUD chamber. Our diurnal cycle analysis confirms that new particle formation mainly occurs during daylight, with a 10-fold enhancement in rate. This increase is prominent in the South Asian monsoon UTLS, where deep convection introduces high ammonia levels from the boundary layer, compared to a baseline scenario without ammonia. Our model simulations reveal that this ammonia-driven particle formation and growth contributes to an increase of up to 80% in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations at cloud-forming heights in the South Asian monsoon region. We find that ammonia profoundly influences the aerosol mass and composition in the ATAL through particle growth, as indicated by an order of magnitude increase in nitrate levels linked to ammonia emissions. However, the effect of ammonia-driven new particle formation on aerosol mass in the ATAL is relatively small. Ammonia emissions enhance the regional aerosol optical depth (AOD) for shortwave solar radiation by up to 70%. We conclude that ammonia has a pronounced effect on the ATAL development, composition, the regional AOD, and CCN concentrations.

Published
2024
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50. Exploring Laboratory Errors in Blood Transfusion: A Systematic Review

Author

Samah Gamar Aldeen Abdelhadi Mahmoud, Abdalla Ali, and Al-Neil M. Hamza

Subjects
blood transfusion, laboratory errors and samples, ageing, Medicine
Abstract

Blood transfusion, a vital medical intervention, is susceptible to errors in the laboratory phase, which can lead to severe consequences. This systematic review explores the literature on laboratory errors in blood transfusion, highlighting the impact of these errors on patient safety and outcomes. It also presents strategies for error prevention and management. The review underscores the potential for improvement in blood transfusion services through ongoing quality improvement efforts, a responsibility for all of us. After a comprehensive search and analysis of relevant literature published from 2014 to 2024 under PARSMA2020 guidelines, nine articles met the inclusion criteria, revealing a range of errors across different stages of the transfusion process. Preanalytical errors were found to be the most common. Procedural deviations, insufficient collaboration, and work fatigue among medical staff were identified as the causes of these errors. The review suggests that implementing educational and contentious training programs for medical staff, along with highly accountable policies, could significantly reduce these errors, thereby reducing total mortality and morbidity rates.

Published
2024

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