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Peatlands have unique characteristics that are largely determined by the peat thickness. Ombrogenous peat has a high carbon content and low ash content, but not many studies have reported that this relationship also occurs in deep peat domes. This study aims to identify the C-organic content and ash content and determine the pattern of their relationship with peat thickness vertically from the peat surface to the mineral layer below the peat. Peat profile observations were made using a peat drill (Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, Netherlands) by taking 50 cm and 5.2 cm peat cores in Meskom Village, Bengkalis Regency. Soil samples were taken every 20 cm thickness for laboratory analysis. Data were analysed using simple linear regression. The results showed that the thickness of peat in the study area was classified as very deep peat. Peat thickness and carbon content have a vertical relationship, where C-organic content increases with increasing peat thickness, while peat thickness and ash content have an inverse vertical relationship, where ash content decreases with increasing peat thickness. The vertical relationship between C-organic content and ash content is inverse, where an increase in C-organic content is followed by a decrease in ash content.

Zamrud National Park is the peak of the peat dome in the Kampar Peninsula. Peat depth data is needed as a baseline to maintain the balance of the water reservoir and carbon stock. Currently, available peat depth data is predictive photogrammetric data. Soil survey activities need to be carried out to provide accurate and up-to-date data. This research aims to map the peat depth using the best grid interpolation technique. Peat depth measurements were carried out terrestrially, while peat depth mapping used inverse distance weighted, kriging, and spline interpolation techniques. Drilling observation points are arranged based on a system of longitudinal transects and transverse transects in a northeast-southwest direction. The distance between longitudinal transects is 500 m and between transects is 1,000 m. The results showed that the Zamrud National Park area has diverse peat depths ranging from 5.3 to 16.7 m. The Kriging interpolation technique gives the best mapping accuracy results. The standard deviation value is 1.9 is smaller, the accuracy value is 98.82% higher, and the thickness of the dominating peat is 8.4-9.4 m for 7,093.47 ha (24.42% of the total park area).

Tropical peatlands are fragile ecosystems with an important role in conserving biodiversity, water quality and availability, preventing floods, soil intrusion, erosion and sedimentation, and providing a livelihood for people. However, due to illegal logging, fire and conversion into other land use, the peatlands in Indonesia are under serious threat. Efforts to restore Indonesia's tropical peatlands have been accelerated by the establishment of the Peatland Restoration Agency in early 2016. The restoration action policy includes the rewetting, revegetation and revitalisation of local livelihood (known as the 3Rs). This paper summarises the regulatory, institutional and planning aspects of peatland restoration, in addition to the implementation of the 3Rs in Indonesia, including failures, success stories, and the criteria and indicators for the success of peatland restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]