Search

A remote sensing strategy was investigated to evaluate how temperature and rainfall affect the deforestation of economically important tree species in Wudil, Kano Nigeria. The research was carried out in Wudil. To assess the vulnerability of the study area to desertification and the abundance of economic tree species. Landsat satellite products (Landsat 5, 7, 8. were used as the sources of remote sensing imageries. These products were sourced for intervals of ten years, from 1986 to 1999, 2006 to 2016, and 2020. Standardized temperature anomaly and precipitation index from 1986 to 2020 were analyzed using primary and secondary data obtained for information on temperature and rainfall, a hundred questionnaires were used to analyze how much anthropogenic activity has contributed to desertification in the area by looking at their socioeconomic activities, roads, and infrastructural development. To determine the quantity, distribution, growth, and yield of all the species, a transect of one square kilometer was surveyed using regional techniques in each of the four cardinal directions. Principal component analysis revealed that the activity variables and activity observations for 1999, 2006, 2016, and 2016 were all negative, while the years 1986 and 2020 were positive. Increased trends in temperature and decreasing trends in rainfall are evident using the Mann-Kendall analysis, with P-values of 0.0 and 0.003, respectively, which are smaller than the alpha value of 0.05. The main causes of drought and desertification vulnerability according to the findings include variations in the characteristics of rainfall, human activities, and overgrazing. More tree-planting initiatives should be encouraged, ideally making them an annual event in the study region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cholera, one of the most common cause of acute watery diarrhea in developing world, requires, along with correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance, antibiotics in to shorten the duration of disease. Emergence of reistance with recommended antimicrobials is becoming an issue to treat Vibrio Cholerae. The purpose of this research was to determine the frequency and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Vibrio cholera isolated in stool samples at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Stool samples were received from both in-patients and out-patients in sterile leak proof containers. All Vibrio Cholerae isolated from stool samples were included in the study. The stool samples were inoculated on Thiosulphate-citrate-Bile salts-sucrose agar. Suspected Vibrio cholerae colonies were stained by Gram’s stain Method. Oxidase positive colonies were isolated on Mueller Hinton agar (MHA). Slide agglunation tests were done to confirm presence of Vibrio cholera and its serotypes. Results: A total of 352 (6.37%) Isolates of Vibrio Cholerae archieved from 5524 stool samples.Vibrio Cholerae serotype Ogawa isolated 188/352 (352%), while 164(46.6%) were Vibrio cholerae serotype Inaba. Predominant the isolates were from male patients 184/352 (52.3%), while from females were 168/352 (47.7%). Male to female ratio was 1.095:1. Mean age of patients with positive Vibrio cholerae isolates was 27.15 ± 25.61 years. The Frequency of resistance with Co-trimoxazole, Tetracyline, Ampicillin, Chloramphanicol and Ciprofloxacin was 66.2%, 40.9%, 8.8%, 2.6% and 1.4% respectively. Conclusion: The multiple antimicrobials recommended to treat Cholera have been found to develop alarming resistance among Vibrio Cholerae isolates. This situation needs a regular surveillance of commonly used antibiotics and urgent discovery of alternative antibiotics. Key Words: Frequency.Antimicrobial resistance pattern.Vibriocholerae. Stool.

Reliable, accurate, and timely information about oceans is important for many applications, including water resource management, hydrological cycle monitoring, environmental studies, agricultural and ecosystem health applications, economy, and the overall health of the environment. In this regard, remote sensing (RS) systems offer exceptional advantages for mapping and monitoring various oceanographic parameters with acceptable temporal and spatial resolutions over the oceans and coastal areas. So far, different methods have been developed to study oceans using various RS systems. This urges the necessity of having review studies that comprehensively discuss various RS systems, including passive and active sensors, and their advantages and limitations for ocean applications. In this article, the goal is to review most RS systems and approaches that have been worked on marine applications. This review paper is divided into two parts. Part 1 is dedicated to the passive RS systems for ocean studies. As such, four primary passive systems, including optical, thermal infrared radiometers, microwave radiometers, and Global Navigation Satellite Systems, are comprehensively discussed. Additionally, this article summarizes the main passive RS sensors and satellites, which have been utilized for different oceanographic applications. Finally, various oceanographic parameters, which can be retrieved from the data acquired by passive RS systems, along with the corresponding methods, are discussed.

Abstract Background A study was undertaken to assess the effect of bioactive peptides derived from cottonseed (BPC) supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of serum and yolk in laying hens. A total of seventy-two 22-week-old Bovans White hens were randomly allocated to 12 cages to have similar cage body weight (1520 ± 5 g). The dietary treatments consist of basal diet (control) and basal diet supplements with 5 g BPC/kg of diet. Recording data initiated after 2 weeks. Results In the second week, hens fed diets containing BPC had significantly higher egg mass and egg weight (P

The aim of studywas to compare efficacy of 1-α(OH)D3 alone or in combination with phytase and 1-α(OH)D3 in combination of phytase and different concentration of cholecalciferol on performance, tibia parameters, andplasma minerals of quails fed Ca-P deficient diet. A total of 280 mixed sex 5-d-old quails were allocated to 7 treatments with 5 replicates. The vitamin supplement which incorporated to basal diet did not contain cholecalciferol. The dietary treatments were as follows: Ca-P deficient diet (basal diet); basal diet + 500 FTU phytase/kg of diet; basal diet + phytase + 5 μg of 1-α(OH)D3 kg-1 of diet;basal diet + phytase + 5 μg of 1-α(OH)D3 and 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 IU of cholecalciferol kg-1of diet. The highest final body weight and the best feed conversion ratioobtained in the group supplemented with 1,000 IU cholecalciferol kg-1 of diet (p < 0.05). Supplementation of 1-α(OH)D3 alone or in combination with phytase and phytase and different concentration of cholecalciferol could improve tibia parameters (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of 1-α(OH)D3 alone to Ca-P deficient diet could maximize tibia mineralization, whereas it couldn't maximize performance, performance criteria were maximized by supplementation of 1,000 IU cholecalciferol kg-1 of diet.

Milk is an essential part of the human diet and is a nutrient-rich food that improves nutrition and food security. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and concentration of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), adulterants, microbial loads, and physicochemical properties of raw cow's milk (CM) in Nekemte City, Ethiopia. A total of 12 samples of fresh CM were purposefully collected from four kebeles in the city (Bake Jama, Burka Jato, Cheleleki, and Bakanisa Kese) based on the potential of each milk production and distributor site. The AFM1 concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a Sigma-Aldrich standard (St. Louis, MO, USA). The concentrations of AFM1 in Bake Jama, Burka Jato, Cheleleki, and Bakanisa Kese were found to be 0.01-0.03 g/L, 0.31-0.35 g/L, 0.19-0.21 g/L, and 0.04-0.07 g/L, respectively. The concentrations of AFM1 in the present study varied significantly ( p < 0.05) and ranged from 0.01 g/L to 0.35 g/L. These results show that of the 12 samples tested, all were positive for AFM1 and contaminated to varying degrees. The results of this study also revealed that the concentration of AFM1 in 7 (58%) of the 12 milk samples was above the European Union's (EU) maximum tolerance limit (0.05 g/L). The present study also revealed that of the investigated adulterants, only the addition of water had positive effects on three milk samples, while the remaining adulterants were not detected in any of the milk samples. The total bacterial count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC) were significantly ( p < 0.05) different and ranged from 5.53 to 6.82 log 10 cfumL -1 and from 4.21 to 4.74 log 10 cfumL -1 , respectively. The physicochemical properties of the milk samples in the present study were significantly ( p < 0.05) different and ranged from 2.8% to 5.75% fat, 7.03% to 9.75% solid-not-fat (SNF), 2.35% to 3.61% protein, 3.33% to 5.15% lactose, 11.54% to 13.69% total solid, 0.16% to 0.18% titratable acid, 26.7 to 32.1°C, 6.35 to 6.55 pH, and 1.027 to 1.030 specific gravity. The physicochemical parameters of the raw milk in the study area met the required quality standards. Hence, further studies are required to determine the extent of the problem and the factors associated with high levels of AFM1 in raw milk in the study areas, including the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in animal feed., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Leila Nasir and Habtamu Fekadu Gemede.)