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Background: The ongoing horrors of the war in Ukraine have led to enormous consequences: loss of life, severe injuries, and mass movements of civilians. Exposure to war, living in conflict zones, and forced displacement increase the risk of experiencing a broad spectrum of direct and indirect burdens towards physical and mental health, in particular among children. Objective: This letter to the editor aims to provide multiple clinical and 'mental health and psychosocial support' (MHPSS) systems' perspectives by experts working in ongoing aid efforts to bridge and disseminate their current observations towards child and adolescent mental health services involved in the mental health response to the current war in Ukraine. Results and Discussion: The diverse perspectives from three mental health professionals involved in the MHPSS response highlight the different burdens and needs of children being confronted with situations of an existential nature. Children live through transformed social situations, deteriorated life conditions, general uncertainty, and encounter numerous losses. As such, war is the ultimate non-normative and existential stressor. The four perspectives highlight the need to: (1) adjust help toward the needs of the beneficiary, (2) understand help efforts as intersubjective human encounters and enable parents and caregivers in these encounters, (3) recognise losses and embrace finding ways to facilitate grief, and (4) continue to address these needs in a coordinated way that follows inter-agency guidelines. Conclusion: Better understanding the needs of refugee children underlines the importance of investing in their future by providing resources for humanitarian aid and psychosocial interventions during sustained emergencies. The perspectives presented in this letter emphasise that psychosocial care is deeply rooted in intersubjective help-encounters and, therefore, a professionalisation of interventions should co-occur with their humanisation and be adapted to subjective needs, varying sociocultural backgrounds, and the individuals themselves with the goal of reducing suffering and fostering well-being. The three expert humanitarian aid perspectives highlight the need to: adjust help toward the needs of the beneficiary, understand help efforts as intersubjective human encounters and enable parents and caregivers in these encounters, recognise losses and embrace finding ways to facilitate grief, and continue to address these needs in a coordinated way that follows inter-agency guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Principal factors leading to the efficient alternating current (AC) field‐induced heating of magnetic fluids are determined based on the results of magnetic and calorimetric measurements on NaFeO2 nanoparticles and their fluids. Features of the magnetic behavior are singled out, and characteristic magnetic parameters, such as the Curie and blocking temperatures, are determined for the NaFeO2 nanoparticles. The dependence of the fluid caloric properties on the AC magnetic field amplitude and nanoparticle concentration is analyzed. It is shown that the heating efficiency of the weakly coercive NaFeO2 nanoparticles displays an amplitude threshold character, and the heating rate is critically dependent on the AC magnetic field amplitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature-dependent magnetic properties and spin echo decay behavior have been studied for an ensemble of La1−xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.23) nanoparticles (of 30 nm in diameter) synthesized by the sol–gel method. Characteristic magnetic parameters, such as blocking temperature and effective Curie temperature for the ensemble, are determined. Enhanced coercivity and its unusual temperature dependence compared to bulk counterparts are revealed, and possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed. A conclusion about the non-negligible role of interparticle interactions in the enhancement of the coercivity in the ensembles of substituted manganites is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper and its alloys are widely used in different industrial fields, but environmental impact could lead to corrosion and therefore may result in poor performance of these materials. To ensure safe operation of the equipment, it is necessary to study the corrosion behavior. Here, we introduce a novel study of the kinetics of complete isothermal oxidation in air of pure Cu and Cu1–xGax (0 < x < 0.15) solid solution powders by the periodic weighment method and XRD phase analysis. It is shown that experimental oxidation curves for each Ga-containing sample studied are perfectly described by single-term exponential function. Analysis of these curves made it possible to calculate the main oxidation parameters of Cu1–xGax powders. As a result, it was shown that the activation energy of oxidation increases from 98 to 114 kJ/mol with Ga content increasing from 0 to 12 at.%, while the oxidation rates decrease by almost 100 times. Oxidation of Cu1–xGax powders is accompanied by the depletion of initial solid solution with Ga atoms followed by the formation of Ga2O3, CuO and CuGa2O4 phases. Thus, Ga dopants significantly increase the corrosion resistance of copper at annealing in air (600–850 °C). The results obtained contribute to the optimization of Cu1–xGax solid solution content for development of the targets for deposition of multilayer coatings for technical or medical purposes, for example, CuIn1–xGaxSe2 for solar cells or thin copper–gallium-doped silica-rich bio-active glass implant-type coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic properties of thin-film multilayers [Fe/Py]/FeMn/Py are investigated as a function of temperature and thickness of the antiferromagnetic FeMn spacer using SQUID magnetometry. The observed behavior differs substantially for the structures with 6 nm and 15 nm FeMn spacers. While the 15 nm FeMn structure exhibits exchange pinning of both ferromagnetic layers in the entire measurement temperature interval from 5 to 300 K, the 6 nm FeMn structure becomes exchange de-pinned in the vicinity of room temperature. The depinned state is characterized by a single hysteresis loop centered at zero field and having enhanced magnetic coercivity. The observed properties are explained in terms of finite-size effects and possible ferromagnetic interlayer coupling through the thin antiferromagnetic spacer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Biocompatible superparamagnetic NaFeO 2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel method. • Impact of aging on crystal structure of nanoparticles has studied. • Structural changes affect magnetic parameters of the aged sample. NaFeO 2 magnetic nanoparticles which are biocompatible and have a relatively high saturation magnetization are considered as promising heat mediators for magnetic hyperthermia applications. In this work, we study aging effects in NaFeO 2 nanoparticles and show that they change their structural and magnetic characteristics over time. As-produced NaFeO 2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel technique have been aged in the ambient atmosphere for 10,000 h. Magnetic properties and aging effect were studied by X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry at a temperature ranging from 300 to 500 K. Crystal structure of nanoparticles undergoes essential changes, including an increase of lattice parameter and average coherent block size, and decrease of the microdeformation of crystal lattice. These structural changes affect magnetic parameters of the aged sample. It is shown that saturation magnetization becomes higher and Curie temperature tends to increase as the samples undergo the aging processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe–Ga alloys, containing 18, 21, and 23 at.% of Ga, were prepared in bulk form. In their as-cast state, they display a small magnetostriction, that is strongly improved after annealing at 1000 ° C for 24 h, and subsequent rapid cooling. Multiple characterization techniques, such as x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, Mössbauer spectroscopy, temperature-dependent magnetization curves, hysteresis loops, magnetic force microscopy, and magnetostriction measurements, were exploited in synergy to gain a deep understanding of the structure–property relationships in the studied alloys, before and after annealing. The A2 phase, which is favored in the lower range of compositions and is promoted at the expense of the D 0 3 one by annealing, is responsible for characteristic dendritic and maze magnetic domains, and for the strong improvement of the magnetostriction, which almost reaches 240 ppm (transverse configuration) in the alloys with 18 at.% of Ga, after annealing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are invaluable therapeutic options in a variety of dyspeptic diseases. In addition to their well‐known risk profile, PPI consumption is related to food and environmental allergies, dysbiosis, osteoporosis, as well as immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). The latter, although a rare event, around 1%–3%, due to the extraordinarily high rate of prescription and consumption of PPIs are related to a substantial risk. In this Position Paper, we provide clinicians with practical evidence‐based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of HSRs to PPIs. Furthermore, the unmet needs proposed in the document aim to stimulate more in‐depth investigations in the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New social needs in education at the beginning of the XXI century are primarily associated with the peculiarities of the development of higher education, which places high demands on the personality and professional activity of a physical education teacher, in difficult conditions, when the world is at a difficult stage of development, showed by the search for an optimal socio-economic format of coexistence in the global space. The new concept of education requires the improvement of the pedagogical activity of future teachers and their achievement of the development of a high level of personal and professional potential, considering the socioeconomic environment in which the national concepts of preparing young people for life in a changing and unpredictable world order to compete, fighting for their right to dominance. The primary purpose of the article is to form an algorithm for developing an individual educational trajectory, which is decisive in the formation of personal and professional potential of the future physical education teacher. To simplify and systematise this individual trajectory as much as possible, we used the IDEF0 functional modelling methodology, which allows us to see visually the algorithm of functioning of the studied process and the key elements that will be needed. The research results in the article are a theoretical analysis of the existing scientific data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To estimate the state of phospholipid bilayer of rats WBCs exposed to a common food additive E407a, which is used as a thickener and emulsifier, during 4 h using a fluorescent probe − ortho-hydroxy derivative of 2,5-diaryl-1,3-oxazole. Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy: a study by the environment-sensitive fluores-cent probe − 2-(2′-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazole (probe O1O). Changes are detected in the spectra of the fluorescent probe bound to rat WBCs treated with the solutions of E407a of various concentrations in comparison with the corresponding spectra of the probe incubated with the untreated leukocytes. The decrease in polarity and proton-donor ability is observed in the lipid membranes of leukocytes in the region, where the probe locates. Our findings suggest a higher dehydration of leukocyte membranes of rats treated with a common food additive E407a at high concentrations and, thus, indicate that exposure to high doses of E407a leads to the increase in the lipid order (i.e. to decrease in fluidity) of the membranes of rat WBCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fcc NiC monocarbide was synthesized by milling of nickel and CNT/graphite charge. • A two-step carbide formation mechanism has been proposed. • Associated changes in the nickel lattice were evaluated and discussed. • Allotropic form of carbon used makes an impact on NiC crystal structure. • Magnetic moment per nickel atom (2.83μ B) is higher than that of a bulk Ni (1.3μ B). In the present work, a comprehensive study of mechanical alloying of Ni-carbon nanotubes (CNT) and Ni-Graphite equiatomic powder mixtures under the same technological modes has provided to reveal the features of using different types of carbon (CNT or graphite) as a charge component. The as-milled powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and magnetometric study. A novel nanoscale fcc NiC monocarbide was synthesized regardless the type of the charge used. According to the XRD study the formation of this phase takes place in two stages. A two-step carbide formation mechanism has been proposed. The associated changes in the nickel lattice, such as changes in the lattice parameter, lattice strain and residual stresses, which led to the formation of NiC monocarbide were also evaluated and discussed. Parameters of the electronic structure of NiC were calculated using the MStudio MindLab 7.0 software package with the experimental data on the crystal structure of the NiC phase obtained as input. Temperature dependencies of magnetic susceptibility of NiC synthesized have been studied up to 950 K. Carbides synthesized were found to be weak ferromagnets at the room temperature and their Curie temperature T C ranges within 670 – 725 K. The calculated value of the magnetic moment per nickel atom (2.83μ B) is higher than that of a bulk Ni (1.3μ B). Likely, the observed increase of μ is caused by the presence of a certain amount of residual single-domain ferromagnetic Ni nanoparticles in the samples synthesized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety of food additives E407 and E407a has raised concerns in the scientific community. Thus, this study aims to assess the local and systemic toxic effects of the common food additive E407a in rats orally exposed to it for two weeks. Complex evaluations of the effects of semi-refined carrageenan (E407a) on rats upon oral exposure were performed. Local effects of E407a on the intestine were analyzed using routine histological stains and CD68 immunostaining. Furthermore, circulating levels of inflammatory markers were assessed. A fluorescent probe O1O (2- (2′-OH-phenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazole) was used for evaluating the state of leukocyte cell membranes. Cell death modes of leukocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin D staining. Oral administration of the common food additive E407a was found to be associated with altered small and large intestinal morphology, infiltration of the lamina propria in the small intestine with macrophages (CD68+ cells), high systemic levels of inflammation markers, and changes in the lipid order of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membranes of leukocytes, alongside the activation of their apoptosis. Our findings suggest that oral exposure to E407a through rats results in the development of intestinal inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]