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The study will contribute to the knowledge hiding literature by providing interesting insights in trickledown effect of supervisor knowledge hiding on subordinate knowledge sharing behavior with the co-workers, while; here, LMX as mediator would extend literature of knowledge hiding. Drawing on SET & COR theory by using cross-sectional data collected over structured questionnaire from employees of TEVTA organization, the research will be a considerable addition in both knowledge hiding and knowledge sharing literature. It would also provide the considerable knowledge in OB studies where personality traits i.e., agreeableness as moderator will influence upon relationship of LMX and knowledge sharing by subordinate with coworkers. It argues that, the effects of supervisor knowledge hiding (predictor) not stop at subordinate end while it transmits (trickledown) in coworker and badly affect their social well-being (outcome). More interestingly, agreeableness will moderate relation of LMX & subordinate knowledge sharing behavior with co-workers while the COR will support to author's stance. In addition, theoretical and practical implications of the study are also a key point of the present research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leadership, in all respects, is responsible for inspiration of employees toward desired objectives and ultimately the success of organizations. This study aims to analyze effect of transformational leadership on job crafting. This study used structured questionnaire for the data collection purpose. The questionnaire was conducted to personnel from educational sector of in Pakistan. A total of 250 surveys were distributed, with a 97% response rate. SPSS Process Macro was used for the analysis of the data. The findings indicate that psychological ownership improves the association between transformational leadership and job crafting. A healthy work environment minimizes stress and improves performance outcomes. The innovative work behavior is a vital factor that boosts individual towards performance thus leading to organizational success. This study aims to first analyze positive affect the relationship of transformational leadership and job crafting and therefore provides significant contribution to the psychological ownership, and innovative work behavior with mediation and moderation effect and job crafting as dependent variable. This study offered significant outcomes that may help policymakers in revisiting their policies towards the issues under considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The consensus conference of the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP), held in 2012, made recommendations regarding prognostic parameters of renal tumors. There was a strong consensus that tumor morphotype, pathologic tumor stage, and tumor grade are prognostic indicators of poor outcome. It was also agreed upon that prognostic significance of tumor necrosis is in evolution, and both microscopic and macroscopic tumor necrosis should be documented in percentages. The aim of our study was to explore the impact of tumor necrosis on metastasis-free survival in clear cell renal carcinomas (ccRCCs) in Pakistani patients.Methods: We retrieved 318 consecutive in-house cases of ccRCC resections from 2014 to 2020 through hospital archives. Histologic slide review was done for assessment of tumor necrosis, tumor stage, and World Health Organization/ISUP grade. The follow-up data to assess metastasis-free survival were available in hospital archives.Results: In multivariable analysis performed by logistic regression model, tumor necrosis was an independent poor prognostic indicator (P = .0001): group 1 (reference group), 0% necrosis; group 2, 1% to 10% necrosis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 8.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.62-20.98); and group 3, more than 10% necrosis (AOR, 9.48; 95% CI, 3.99-22.725).Conclusions: Tumor necrosis is an independent predictor of poor outcome in ccRCCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infiltration of T‐lymphocytes in the stroma and tumour is an indication of an effective immune response against the tumour, resulting in better survival. In this study, our aim was to explore the prognostic significance of tumour‐associated stroma infiltrating lymphocytes (TASILs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) through an AI‐based automated method. A deep learning‐based automated method was employed to segment tumour, tumour‐associated stroma, and lymphocytes in digitally scanned whole slide images of HNSCC tissue slides. The spatial patterns of lymphocytes and tumour‐associated stroma were digitally quantified to compute the tumour‐associated stroma infiltrating lymphocytes score (TASIL‐score). Finally, the prognostic significance of the TASIL‐score for disease‐specific and disease‐free survival was investigated using the Cox proportional hazard analysis. Three different cohorts of haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained tissue slides of HNSCC cases (n = 537 in total) were studied, including publicly available TCGA head and neck cancer cases. The TASIL‐score carries prognostic significance (p = 0.002) for disease‐specific survival of HNSCC patients. The TASIL‐score also shows a better separation between low‐ and high‐risk patients compared with the manual tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) scoring by pathologists for both disease‐specific and disease‐free survival. A positive correlation of TASIL‐score with molecular estimates of CD8+ T cells was also found, which is in line with existing findings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to automate the quantification of TASILs from routine H&E slides of head and neck cancer. Our TASIL‐score‐based findings are aligned with the clinical knowledge, with the added advantages of objectivity, reproducibility, and strong prognostic value. Although we validated our method on three different cohorts (n = 537 cases in total), a comprehensive evaluation on large multicentric cohorts is required before the proposed digital score can be adopted in clinical practice. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus has become a major emerging health concern. Its burden, estimated to be 451 million in 2017, has been projected to rise to 693 million by 2045. This will bring a rise in the prevalence of its associated complications. There is a wide spectrum of nondiabetic renal disease (NDRD) known to be present in diabetic patients with variable prevalence. However, the majority of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with renal disease are yet not biopsied and the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is presumed on clinical grounds. Methods: It is a retrospective cross-sectional study. We selected a total of 126 cases of renal biopsies with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Demographic data was collected from the medical records and pathology reports while all cases were evaluated by reviewing the archived slides. Results: Patients were categorized into group 1 with isolated NDRD, group 2 showing NDRD mixed with DN and group 3 with isolated DN. Thirty-four (27%) cases had isolated NDRD (group 1), 14 (11%) had NDRD mixed with DN and 78 (62%) patients had isolated DN. NDRD, either alone or in combination with DN, was found to be present in 48 patients with an overall prevalence of 38%. Conclusion: Our study concludes that NDRD is frequent in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Renal biopsy remains the key diagnostic tool in such cases, providing crucial information for proper management of the underlying pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the patterns of myoinvasion of endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma, their frequencies in our hospital and to correlate these patterns with survival. Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Lahore, from Aug 2019 to Apr 2020. Methodology: All cases of endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma between 2015 and 2017 were retrieved from the archives, independently reviewed by two researchers, all key reporting parameters recorded in addition to the pattern of myoinvasion as per their operational definitions described by Cole and Quick. The follow-up of 3-5 years was obtained from archives and through telephonic contact for outside hospital patients. Disease free survival and relapse-associated mortality were represented through Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: Eighty cases of myoinvasive endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma were reviewed. We found that infiltrating irregular gland pattern was the most frequent in all the age groups. Thirty-five (43.75%) cases showed this type of invasion, followed by broad front pattern 23 (28.75%), Microcystic Elongated and Fragmented (MELF) pattern 15 (18.75%) and adenomyotic pattern 6 (7.5%). One case showed a combination of the last two patterns, whereas adenoma malignum pattern was not seen. Follow-up of these patients showed 8 (10%) patients with relapse related mortality including 5 (62.5%) infiltrating irregular glands, 2 (25%) adenomyosis-like and 1 (12.5%) broad front pattern of myoinvasion. Seventy-two (90%) patients had recurrence free survival. Conclusion: Frequency of infiltrating irregular pattern of myoinvasion in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma is high and associated with recurrence related mortality. Recognition of these patterns is important as their impact on overall management and prognosis is, however, unknown, and further studies are required to determine the importance of these patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine unusual morphological features and a panel of immunohistochemical markers to diagnose Xp11 translocation carcinoma. Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Jun 2015 to Feb 2020. Methodoldogy: We analyzed clinicopathological features, and evaulated intensity and extent of TFE 3 immunoreactivity of 18 cases with suggested diagnosis of xp11 translocation associated renal cell carcinoma from 2015-2020. Results: Different morphological pattern includes papillary (8/18, 44%), nested (2/18, 11.1%), alveolar (3/18, 16.7%), nested and papillary (3/18, 16.7%), solid and nested (1/18, 5.6%), cystic and nested (1/18, 5.6%). Four cases show papillary architecture with a linear array of nuclei away from the basement membrane, a pattern seen in SFPQTFE3 renal cell carcinoma and NONOTFE3 renal cell carcinoma. Strong nuclear TFE3 expression was seen in 9/18 (50%) cases. Cathepsin k expression was seen in 6/11 (54%) cases, Ck7 was focal weak positive in 4/12 (25%) cases, PAX8 was positive in 8/8 (100%) cases, and CA IX was focal weak positive in 1/5 (20%) case. According to follow-up data, disease progression was seen in only one case with the lowstage disease. No death was reported due to renal cell carcinoma to date of follow-up. Conclusion: We have suggested that young patient age, unusual morphological features and an immunohistochemical panel may help reach the diagnosis in countries with limited resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignant neoplasm. Multiple risk factors have been identified for several decades for this overly aggressive tumor. HCC is an overly aggressive malignancy with frequent intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastasis. In our practice, we have observed that HCC has the propensity to metastasize to very unusual sites and can sometimes show variable patterns leading to diagnostic difficulty. In this study of 257 patients, we aim to discuss the unusual sites of HCC metastasis, the various patterns of metastasis, clinicopathological features, and the most common cause of HCC in our population. In the course of our research study, we systematically extracted a comprehensive dataset comprising 257 instances of metastatic HCCs from the hospital database spanning the period from 2016 to February 2022. The assessment of metastatic sites uncovered a wide range of locations, reflecting significant diversity. The most common location was bone, with 135 cases (52.5%). The vertebral column was the most common location among bony metastasis, with 63 cases (24.7%). Morphologically, the most common histological pattern observed was pure trabecular in 192 patients (74.7%). All cases were diagnosed with the help of immunohistochemical stains. Out of 257 cases, 29.18% were diagnosed using glypican-3 and HepPar1, while 26.1% relied solely on HepPar1 positivity. HepPar1 was performed in a total of 240 cases, and positivity was seen in 205 cases (85.5%). In summary, our study represents the most comprehensive investigation of clinicopathological characteristics in metastatic HCC conducted within the past 20 years. It helps understand the histological and immunohistochemical features useful for diagnosis at metastatic sites for tumors with an unknown primary., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre issued approval EX-07-02-22-01. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Zamil et al.)

The burgeoning interest in developing boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) tracers and their accompanying diagnostics for the treatment of recalcitrant tumors has prompted this investigation. Our study aims to devise a tumor treatment strategy utilizing BNCT to target the α v β 3 integrin. To this end, we propose a pioneering boron-infused cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide, cRGD(d-BPA)K, designed as an efficacious BNCT tracer. Additionally, we introduce its diagnostic complement, DOTA-cRGD(d-BPA)K, tailored for positron emission tomography (PET) to visualize α v β 3 expressed tumors. Radiolabeling [ 64 Cu]Cu-DOTA-cRGD(d-BPA)K ( 64 Cu- 1 ) resulted in a high radiochemical yield and purity. The radiotracer exhibited exceptional in vitro stability and demonstrated significant uptake in U87MG tumors via PET imaging. Biodistribution analysis using compound 2 showed a 7.0 ppm accumulation of boron in the U87MG tumor 1 h post-intravenous injection. Furthermore, compound 2 displayed superior tumor/blood (2.41) and tumor/muscle (2.46) ratios compared to the clinically approved l-BPA-fructose. Both compound 2 and its diagnostic counterpart 64 Cu- 1 hold potential for BNCT and cancer diagnosis, respectively, via molecular imaging., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 American Chemical Society.)

Objectives: To analyse the clinicopathological characteristics of sinonasal malignancies in the light of the updates regarding head and neck tumours., Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised data of patients diagnosed with primary malignant tumours of the sinonasal tract between 2015 and 2020. Slides related to biopsies and resection specimens were retrieved from the institutional database and reviewed by two pathologists. Follow-up data was also obtained. Data was analysed using SPSS 20., Results: Of the 245 samples, 144(58.7%) were epithelial tumours, 46(18.7%) neuroectodermal tumours, 41(16.7%) haematolymphoid tumours and 14(5.7%) were malignant soft tissue tumours. A heavy reliance was placed on immunohistochemical stains to diagnose poorly-differentiated tumours. Survival was dismal, especially with early and frequent spread to the brain (33.3% in cases of Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma)., Conclusions: A wide array of sinonasal malignancies was seen. Updated knowledge of the malignancies prevalent in the region is imperative for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To determine accuracy of cytological diagnosis in comparison with the corresponding histopathological diagnosis of thyroid lesions., Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised data from January to December 2017 of all in-patient cases of thyroid cytology with their histopathological diagnosis. Both Haematoxylin and Eosin stain slides and cytological smears were reviewed. True negative, true positive, false negative and false positive cases were marked using the criteria defined in Table-1., Results: Of the total 36 cases, 5(13.9%) were non-diagnostic or unsatisfactory for cytological assessment. Cytological diagnosis achieved sensitivity of 82.3%, specificity 64.3%, positive predictive value 73.6%, negative predictive value 75%, false positive rate 35.7% and false negative rate 17.6%. The diagnostic accuracy of cytological diagnosis was 63.9%., Conclusions: There was significant cytological and histopathological concordance of thyroid lesions.

Introduction: Immunohistochemical expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) is seen variably in invasive ductal carcinoma. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of BCL-2 expression in different histologic grades of invasive ductal carcinoma., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Pakistan, on subjects with invasive ductal carcinoma of various histologic grades. Immunohistochemistry was done using the BCL-2 antibody in all cases. The frequency of BCL-2-positive cases in different histologic grades was noted. Post-stratification, the Chi-square test was applied. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: All 52 subjects were female (100%) with a mean age of 47.58 ± 1.43 years. BCL-2 expression was observed in 28 (53.85 %) subjects with breast cancer. Out of 33 participants with Grade III, 13 (39.39 %) participants were positive for BCL- 2 expression. Among 18 subjects with Grade II, 14 (77.78 %) subjects were positive for BCL-2 expression. Reduced frequency of BCL-2 expression was observed with increasing histologic grade (i.e., more in low-grade tumours and less in Grade III), but the difference was statistically not significant., Conclusion: A differential expression of BCL-2 was observed across different grades of invasive ductal carcinoma. However, the difference was not statistically significant., Competing Interests: Nil., (Copyright: © 2021 Bashir, et al.)