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In this study, silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2SNP's) were successfully produced by using fruit extracts of Phyllanthus emblica. UV–vis, FTIR, XRD with SEM and EDX techniques were used for the synthesis process and for characterization of the resulting nanostructures. According to the findings, the fabricated nanostructure had a monoclinic crystal structure, measuring 44 nm in grain size, and its strain was 1.82 × 10−3. As revealed by SEM analysis, the synthesized nanostructure consists of irregular spherical and triangular shapes. The presence of silver (Ag) and sulfur (S) was also confirmed through EDX spectra. Furthermore, Ag2S nanoparticles were tested for their ability to effectively inhibit gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacterial growth. As a result of this study, it was clearly demonstrated that Ag2S nanoparticles possess powerful antibacterial properties, particularly when it came to inhibiting Escherichia coli growth. Ag2S nanoparticles had high total H2O2 and flavonoid concentrations and the greatest overall antioxidant activity, according to the evaluation of antioxidant activity of the samples. The results obtained from the P. emblica fruit extract were followed by those obtained from Ag2S nanoparticles were reported in detail. Research Highlights: Innovative Ag2SNP synthesis using Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract.SEM with EDX revealed a monoclinic crystal structure with a grain size of 44 nm and a strain of 1.82 × 10−3.Many of these applications are demonstrated by the potential of Ag2SNPs to treat and combat bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli.A peak at 653 cm−1 indicates the presence of primary sulfide aliphatic C‐S extension vibrations.The abundant H2O2 and NO2 found in P. emblica nanocomposites make them potent antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP's) by reducing silver ions from a solution of silver nitrate with an aqueous extract from Azadirachta indica. Using silver ions as the catalyst, nanoparticles were formed in 8 min without the use of toxic chemicals. As evidenced by UV-vis spectroscopy, a broad surface plasmon resonance spectrum at 225 nm was detected, which indicates the colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles is stable and produces silver nanoparticles. As revealed by the fourier transform-infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis, the flower extract contained a variety of biomolecules that acted as capping and reducing agents for the synthesis of AgNPs. As determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), silver nanoparticles displayed a crystalline structure and ranged in size from 18 to 39 nm. In addition to these findings, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the silver nanoparticles were spherical and rod-shaped, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). A variety of pathogenic bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, were tested against AgNP's antibacterial properties. A significant inhibition zone was observed for Escherichia coli when AgNPs were applied at different concentrations. Silver nanoparticles were shown to have antidiabetic effects through a diphtheria assay with inhibition rates ranging from 31.09% to 83.33% for concentrations of 50–250 μ g/mL. As researchers seek natural sources of compounds with potential health benefits, silver nanoparticles were also investigated for their antioxidant properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized, using an aqueous extract from Azadirachta indica, as a reducing agent. UV-vis spectroscopy, shown a broad surface plasmon resonance spectrum at 225 nm, where SEM and HRTEM analyses revealed that the AgNPs were spherical and rod-shaped with sizes ranging from 18 to 39 nm. The AgNPs demonstrated significant antimicrobial properties against various pathogens and exhibited potent antioxidant activity, suggesting their potential for therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two-dimensional thermodynamically consistent phase field model, which consists of the anisotropic Allen-Cahn type equation and the heat equation, is used to study the morphological pattern of the particle in the initial stage of crystal growth. The results reveal the locally reversible growth of the particle in the initial stage of crystal growth. Specifically, some parts of the particle interface first grow inward, while others grow outward from the interface of critical nucleation, until the growth speed of the interface becomes zero. After this, the inward growth parts start to grow outward with other parts. The locally reversible growth of the particle leads to the development of a petal-like shape. The particle radius size dependence of the temperatures along the parts of the particle interface in different crystallographic directions at different time points is studied. By a series of results, the correlations between the morphological pattern selection of the particle and the model parameters, including undercooling and anisotropic strength, are analyzed. These results contribute to understanding the fundamental mechanism of the particle evolution during crystal growth.

The key problem of time series classification is the similarity measure between time series. In recent years, efficient and accurate similarity measurement methods of time series have attracted extensive attention from researchers. According to the different similarity measure strategies, the existing time series classification methods can be roughly divided into shape-based (original value) methods and structure-based (symbol transformation) methods. Shape-based methods usually use Euclidean distance (ED), dynamic time warping (DTW), or other methods to measure the global similarity between sequences. The disadvantage of these methods is that their measurement process does not necessarily achieve local sensible matchings of time series, which leads to a decrease in their accuracy and interpretability. To better capture the local information of the sequence, the structure-based methods discretize or symbolize the local value of the time sequence, which leads to the loss of the original information of the sequence. To address these problems, this paper proposes a novel similarity measurement method named dynamic time warping based on the local morphological pattern (MPDTW), which first decomposes the local subsequences of time series using discrete wavelet transforms for extracting the local structure information. Then, the decomposed subsequence will be encoded by the morphological pattern. Finally, the ED between points and their local structure difference based on morphological pattern will be weighted and applied to the DTW algorithm to measure the similarity between sequences. Experiments have been carried out on the classification tasks of the UCR datasets and the results show that our method outperforms the existing baselines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anaemia is a medical condition in which the haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and erythrocyte count are lower than the normal range. The main causes of anaemia are a decrease in RBCs, insufficient Hb synthesis or increased RBCs destruction, and the primary cause is an iron deficiency. A useful method for diagnosis and classification of anaemias is based on the morphological appearance of RBCs on an ideal stained blood smear. Aim: In our prospective study we investigated about the morphological type and the etiological spectrum of anemia Materials and Methods: A hospital based prospective was carried out in the Department of Pathology, tertiary care hospital, central India from October 2021 to September 2022. A total of 250 patients of 18-80 years age group were evaluated for morphological pattern of anaemia based on red cell indices, peripheral smear, and leukocyte and platelet parameters. Anaemia was defined according to WHO criteria as Hb concentration <13 g/dL in men and 12 g/dL in women. Results: The results of CBC and PBP showed that 72 (29%), 138 (55%), and 40 (16%) of the patients had normocytic normochromic, microcytic hypochromic and macrocytic pattern of anaemia respectively. The gender wise classification of the patterns revealed that 44 male patients and 28 female patients had normocytic normochromic patterns, while 105 female patients and 33 male patients had microcytic hypochromic patterns whereas 23 males' patients and 17 cases of female patients showed macrocytic pattern. Pancytopenia was found in 12% cases while neutrophilia and lymphocytosis were in 10% cases. Conclusion: Morphological patterns of anemia reflect the underlying etiology, the study of which would ensure benefits in the early detection and appropriate treatment. Iron deficiency anemia being a nutritional anemia which can be prevented by improving nutritional status, creating awareness and educating people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To correlate optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based morphological patterns of diabetic macular edema (DME), biomarkers and grade of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) secondary to diabetes. Design: Multicentric retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at seven centers across India. Methods: Data from medical records of patients with DME and CKD were entered in a common excel sheet across all seven centers. Staging of CKD was based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: The most common morphological pattern of DME was cystoid pattern (42%) followed by the mixed pattern (31%). The proportion of different morphological patterns did not significantly vary across various CKD stages (p = 0.836). The presence of external limiting membrane-ellipsoid zone (ELM-EZ) defects (p < 0.001) and foveal sub-field thickness (p = 0.024) showed a direct correlation with the stage of CKD which was statistically significant. The presence of hyperreflective dots (HRD) and disorganization of inner retinal layers (DRIL) showed no significant correlation with the stage of CKD. Sight threatening DR was found to increase from 70% in CKD stage 3 to 82% in stages 4 and 5 of CKD, and this was statistically significant (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Cystoid morphological pattern followed by mixed type was the most common pattern of DME on OCT found in patients suffering from stage 3 to 5 of CKD. However, the morphological patterns of DME did not significantly vary across various CKD stages. ELM-EZ defects may be considered as an important OCT biomarker for advanced stage of CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the morphological pattern of the particle in the alloy melt in the initial stage of crystal growth is studied by phase field simulation. The numerical simulations reveal the evolution process of the particle in the initial stage of crystal growth. Specifically, certain parts of the particle interface grow outward in the initial stage of crystal growth, while other parts grow inward. Once the inward growth reaches a particular distance, these parts grow outward alongside the parts of outward growth. In the process, the particle interface takes on a petal-like structure. The relationships between the model parameters and morphological patterns of the particle are examined through a series of results. Concentration evolution along the particle interface in various crystallographic directions at various times is investigated. This study enriches our understanding of the particle's growth dynamics during crystal growth. • Morphological pattern of the particle during initial crystal growth is studied by phase field simulation. • Simulations reveal that the particle interface forms a remarkable concave and convex formation. • Temporal evolution of solute concentration profiles along the particle interface across different crystallographic orientations is investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broca's area is composed of the pars opercularis (PO) and the pars triangularis (PTR) of the inferior frontal gyrus; the anterior ascending ramus of the lateral sulcus (aals) separates the PO from the PTR, and the horizontal ascending ramus of the lateral sulcus (hals) separates the PTR from the pars orbitalis. The morphometry of these two sulci maybe has potential effects on the various functions of Broca's area. Exploring the morphological variations, hemispheric differences and sex differences of these two sulci contributed to a better localization of Broca's area. BrainVISA was used to reconstruct and parameterize these two sulci based on data from 3D MR images of 90 healthy right-handed subjects. The 3D anatomic morphologies of these two sulci were investigated using 4 sulcal parameters: average depth (AD), average width (AW), outer length (OL) and inner length (IL). The aals and hals could be identified in 98.89% and 98.33%, respectively, of the hemispheres evaluated. The morphological patterns of these two sulci were categorized into four typical types. There were no statistically significant interhemispheric or sex differences in the frequency of the morphological patterns. There was statistically significant interhemispheric difference in the IL of the aals. Significant sex differences were found in the AD and the IL of the aals and OL of the hals. Our results not only provide a structural basis for functional studies related to Broca's area but also are helpful in determining the precise position of Broca's area in neurosurgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wallabies are small‐ to medium‐sized hopping marsupials and have large and flexible tendons in their hind limbs that act like springs. This study aimed to show the morphological pattern of the pes tendons in Bennett's wallaby. Two Bennett's Wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) that died of natural causes have been used for this study. The pes was dissected using standard dissection techniques to expose the tendons around metatarsals and digits. The crural musculature of the hind limb was also dissected to identify the origin of the tendons. Tendons of m. extensor digitorum longus, m. extensor digitorum lateralis, m. extensor digiti II et III longus, m. flexor digitorum superficialis, m. flexor digitorum profundus and mm. interossei were the main identified tendons. Tendons of m. extensor digitorum longus attached to the distal phalanx of the fourth digit. The tendon of m. extensor digitorum lateralis had two insertion points, on the fourth and the fifth digits. The tendon of m. flexor digitorum superficialis bifurcates at the level proximal one‐third of the metatarsus. The relatively thinner branch inserted into the phalanx of the fifth digit, while the thicker splits and inserted to the medial and lateral surface of the distal end of the proximal phalanx of the fourth digit. Tendon of m. flexor digitorum profundus was the thickest tendon on the plantar surface, and it had four insertion points, which were the distal phalanges of the second, third, fourth and fifth digits. This study provides detailed information for future studies on the biomechanical and functional morphology of tendons in marsupials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag 2 SNP's) were successfully produced by using fruit extracts of Phyllanthus emblica. UV-vis, FTIR, XRD with SEM and EDX techniques were used for the synthesis process and for characterization of the resulting nanostructures. According to the findings, the fabricated nanostructure had a monoclinic crystal structure, measuring 44 nm in grain size, and its strain was 1.82 × 10 -3 . As revealed by SEM analysis, the synthesized nanostructure consists of irregular spherical and triangular shapes. The presence of silver (Ag) and sulfur (S) was also confirmed through EDX spectra. Furthermore, Ag 2 S nanoparticles were tested for their ability to effectively inhibit gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial growth. As a result of this study, it was clearly demonstrated that Ag 2 S nanoparticles possess powerful antibacterial properties, particularly when it came to inhibiting Escherichia coli growth. Ag 2 S nanoparticles had high total H 2 O 2 and flavonoid concentrations and the greatest overall antioxidant activity, according to the evaluation of antioxidant activity of the samples. The results obtained from the P. emblica fruit extract were followed by those obtained from Ag 2 S nanoparticles were reported in detail. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Innovative Ag 2 SNP synthesis using Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract. SEM with EDX revealed a monoclinic crystal structure with a grain size of 44 nm and a strain of 1.82 × 10 -3 . Many of these applications are demonstrated by the potential of Ag 2 SNPs to treat and combat bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli. A peak at 653 cm -1 indicates the presence of primary sulfide aliphatic C-S extension vibrations. The abundant H 2 O 2 and NO 2 found in P. emblica nanocomposites make them potent antioxidants., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Introduction: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs), are significant global health concerns with India among the top affected countries. CADRs represent a significant concern in healthcare, impacting the skin, its appendages and mucous membranes ranging from mild rashes to severe, life-threatening conditions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Self-medication with over-the-counter drugs is a notable public health issue linked to CADRs. Clinical trials often miss long-term and rare CADRs making early detection and monitoring crucial. This study aims to evaluate CADRs by assessing their causality, severity and preventability; determining onset lag time; identifying morphological patterns; and investigating associations with different drug classes. It also explores the links between self-medication and CADRs and analyses related outcomes. This research addresses gaps in understanding CADRs' epidemiology, impact and management providing valuable insights for healthcare practitioners., Material and Methods: A 12-month prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care hospital involved dermatology patients from both outpatient and inpatient units. Inclusion criteria comprised patients diagnosed with CADRs by physicians in the outpatient department (OPD) (active surveillance) and reported cases to pharmacovigilance unit (passive surveillance) while those unwilling to provide written consent were excluded., Result: The majority (44.25%) of the patients were aged 18-39 years. Maculopapular rash (53.98%) and urticarial rash (9.73%) were the most common CADR types. Anti-bacterials (42.63%) were the primary suspected drug class. Serious CADRs were predominant (74.34%) with 1.77% resulting in fatalities. Severity was moderate in 79.65% and mild in 17.7% of the cases. Preventability was low (5.31%) with three CADRs attributed to self-medication. Recovery was seen in 46.9% of the patients with 42.48% still in recovery at discharge and a mortality rate of 1.77% due to Stevens-Johnson syndrome., Conclusion: A comprehensive pharmacovigilance system for continuous monitoring of patients' health status can lead to opportunities to reduce the CADRs, lower drug-related morbidity and rationalize drug therapy., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethics Committee, Human research, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital issued approval IEC/256/21. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Dhage et al.)

The two-dimensional thermodynamically consistent phase field model, which consists of the anisotropic Allen-Cahn type equation and the heat equation, is used to study the morphological pattern of the particle in the initial stage of crystal growth. The results reveal the locally reversible growth of the particle in the initial stage of crystal growth. Specifically, some parts of the particle interface first grow inward, while others grow outward from the interface of critical nucleation, until the growth speed of the interface becomes zero. After this, the inward growth parts start to grow outward with other parts. The locally reversible growth of the particle leads to the development of a petal-like shape. The particle radius size dependence of the temperatures along the parts of the particle interface in different crystallographic directions at different time points is studied. By a series of results, the correlations between the morphological pattern selection of the particle and the model parameters, including undercooling and anisotropic strength, are analyzed. These results contribute to understanding the fundamental mechanism of the particle evolution during crystal growth. • Phase field model is used to study the morphology of particle during initial crystal growth. • Results reveal locally reversible growth of the particle during initial crystal growth. • Particle radius dependence on temperature at different interface parts over time is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malignant melanoma (MM) is an aggressive tumor characterized by high metastatical potential and is sometimes diagnosed by distant organ metastasis such as liver. Morphologically it may mimic many other tumors and cause diagnostic challenges. In this paper, eleven MM cases metastasized to the liver with different morphologic patterns were analyzed in the light of literature., Materials and Methods: Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of the cases diagnosed as MM metastasis in liver were reevaluated in the light of clinical data., Results: We obtained 11 MM cases with hepatic metastasis. In slides of the first four cases, morphologic features similar to epithelioid variant of MM with different amounts of melanin deposition were observed. In the fifth and sixth cases, fascicular patterned tumoral lesion composed of spindled cells were detected; and in the seventh and eighth cases, nested and sheet-like patterned tumoral lesion consist of giant bizarre and spindled cells with hyperchromatic nuclei were observed. The last three cases consisted of plasmacytoid cells with eccentric nuclei in pseudoalveolar pattern; and the exact diagnosis was possible with the help of immunohistochemistry., Conclusion: MM should always be kept in mind in differential diagnosis of metastatic hepatic tumors with unknown primary because of its various morphological characteristics., Competing Interests: None