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The volumetric imaging of two-photon microscopy expands the focal depth and improves the throughput, which has unparalleled superiority for three-dimension samples, especially in neuroscience. However, emerging in volumetric imaging is still largely customized, which limits the integration with commercial two-photon systems. Here, we analyzed the key parameters that modulate the focal depth and lateral resolution of polarized annular imaging and proposed a volumetric imaging module that can be directly integrated into commercial two-photon systems using conventional optical elements. This design incorporates the beam diameter adjustment settings of commercial two-photon systems, allowing flexibility to adjust the depth of focus while maintaining the same lateral resolution. Further, the depth range and lateral resolution of the design were verified, and the imaging throughput was demonstrated by an increase in the number of imaging neurons in the awake mouse cerebral cortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discharge of wastewater containing phenol and Its derivatives causes serious position to water re¬sources. In order to solve the problem, SiO2-Cu2 and SiO2-CuO catalysts were prepared by impregnation, calcination and other treatment methods, using the laboratory-made SiO2 particles as the catalyst career to support the five center Cu (II). And the prepared catalysts were applied to the CWPO of phenol. Based on the conversion of phenol after degraded in aqueous solution and the COD removal rate of the sample, the effects of reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time, oxidant concentration, catalyst concentration and initial pH value of the medium on the catalytic performance of the two catalysts were systematically studied. The experimental results show that the SiO2-Cu2 and SiO2-CuO catalysts have excipient catalytic activity in a wide pH range, and the 100% phenol conversion rate and about 90% COD removal rate can be achieved under the conditions of phenol concentration of 1.0 g/L, catalyst concentration of 0.23 g/L, reaction temperature of 70 °C, reaction time of 20 h, and hydrogen peroxide concentration of 5,0 g/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echinacoside (ECH), one of the most representative phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), has considerable neuroprotective effects and is an effective ingredient in numerous commercial drugs. Here, we elucidate the complete ECH biosynthetic pathway in the medicinal plant Cistanche tubulosa. In total, 14 related genes are cloned and functionally characterized. Two upstream pathways for tyrosol biosynthesis from L-tyrosine are identified: one includes separate decarboxylation, deamination and reduction steps; the other uses microbial-like transamination, decarboxylation and reduction steps. In addition, a distinct downstream assembly process from tyrosol to ECH is revealed that includes sequential glucosylation, acylation, hydroxylation, and rhamnosylation to form acteoside, and ends with a final glucosylation converting acteoside to ECH. Furthermore, the de novo synthesis of 23 PhG derivatives is achieved via the heterologous expression of different combinations of the functional genes in tobacco. Our findings provide insights into the biosynthesis of ECH and a platform for alternative production of complex PhGs., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: Epidemiological surveys in recent years have shown that the incidence of female lung adenocarcinomas has multiplied in both smoking and non-smoking populations. The cause of lung adenocarcinomas is still not clear. Protein post-translational modification is one of the causes of the development of cancer cells., Methods: Lung adenocarcinoma and paracancerous tissue samples were collected from female patients with no history of smoking. The differences in protein acetylation and succinylation of cancerous tissues and paracancerous tissues were analysed by LC-MS/MS with a TMT labelling method. We distinguished the differentially modified proteins and annotated these proteins in terms of Go annotation, protein domains, protein complex analysis and KEGG pathway analysis., Results: 972 acetylation sites on 556 proteins were identified, among which 875 Kac sites on 507 proteins were quantified, 2373 succinylation sites on 1205 proteins were identified, and 2205 Ksu sites on 1131 proteins were quantified. The acetylation levels of proteins, which contribute to DNA binding and gene expression regulation, were up-regulated. The proteins for which the succinylation levels were up-regulated were mainly involved in mitochondria carboxylic acid metabolism. We also identified simultaneously up-regulated or down-regulated acetylated and succinylated proteins and depicted their interaction network., Conclusion: This study provides insight into lung adenocarcinomas acetylation and succinylation profile alterations in carcinoma pathogenesis and provides a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinomas., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©2022 Tottori University Medical Press.)