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Importance: It is crucial to understand the racial and ethnic disparities that exist in nocturia prevalence to appropriately manage nocturia., Objectives: Nocturia is associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and is most prevalent in Black and Hispanic women, who also have the highest and second highest prevalence of obesity, respectively. We sought to better understand the association of nocturia with BMI category by race and ethnicity in U.S. women., Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study using publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005 to 2018. We estimated the prevalence of moderate to severe nocturia (defined as 2 or more episodes of nighttime urination) by BMI category within each racial and ethnic (Black, White, Hispanic, and other) group of adult women. Logistic regression was performed to determine the odds ratio of nocturia by race., Results: The odds of nocturia was 2.25 (2.04-2.49) for Black women, 1.27 (1.15-1.4) for Hispanic women and 0.96 (0.82-1.13) for other women compared to White women. After accounting for BMI, socioeconomic status and comorbidities, the adjusted odds ratio was 1.76 (1.42-2.16) for Black women, 1.1 (.0.88-1.38) for Hispanic women, and 0.81 (0.5-1.29) for other women compared to White women., Conclusions: Black women were nearly twice as likely to have nocturia than White women. The increased odds of nocturia, while not sustained for Hispanic women, persisted for Black women regardless of socioeconomic status, BMI, and comorbidities. Our study suggests that there are factors other than weight driving the prevalence of nocturia in Black women that require further investigation., Competing Interests: The authors have declared they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 American Urogynecologic Society. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To describe the prevalence of maternal chronic hypertension (MCH), assess how frequently blood pressure is controlled before pregnancy among those with MCH, and explore management practices for antihypertensive medications (AHM) during the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy periods., Data Sources, Study Setting, and Study Design: We conducted a descriptive observational study using data abstracted from the Veterans Health Administration (VA) inclusive of approximately 11 million Veterans utilizing the VA in fiscal years 2010-2019., Data Collection/extraction Methods: Veterans aged 18-50 were included if they had a diagnosis of chronic hypertension before a documented pregnancy in the VA EMR. We identified chronic hypertension and pregnancy with diagnosis codes and defined uncontrolled blood pressure as ≥140/90 mm Hg on at least one measurement in the year before pregnancy. Sensitivity models were conducted for individuals with at least two blood pressure measurements in the year prior to pregnancy. Multivariable logistic regression explored the association of covariates with recommended and non-recommended AHMs received 0-6 months before pregnancy and during pregnancy., Principal Findings: In total, 8% (3767/46,178) of Veterans with a documented pregnancy in VA data had MCH. Among 2750 with MCH meeting inclusion criteria, 60% (n = 1626) had uncontrolled blood pressure on at least one BP reading and 31% (n = 846) had uncontrolled blood pressure on at least two BP readings in the year before pregnancy. For medications, 16% (n = 437) received a non-recommended AHM during pregnancy. Chronic kidney disease (OR = 3.2; 1.6-6.4) and diabetes (OR = 2.3; 1.7-3.0) were most strongly associated with use of a non-recommended AHM during pregnancy., Conclusions: Interventions are needed to decrease the prevalence of MCH, improve preconception blood pressure control, and ensure optimal pharmacologic antihypertensive management among Veterans of childbearing potential., (© 2024 The Authors. Health Services Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Health Research and Educational Trust.)

Purpose: Overweight and obesity are common for breast cancer survivors and associated with high symptom burden (i.e., pain, fatigue, depressive symptoms). Physical activity may protect breast cancer survivors with higher body mass indexes (BMI) from increased symptoms. However, the role of physical activity in buffering the relationship between higher BMI and greater symptoms is unclear., Methods: Baseline data from a randomized trial investigating Pain Coping Skills Training among breast cancer survivors (N = 327) with pain were used to examine the relationship between self-reported BMI (kg/m 2 ) and physical activity level (Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity; suboptimal vs. optimal) with pain (Brief Pain Inventory; severity and interference), fatigue (PROMIS-Fatigue short form), and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale). Analyses were conducted in SPSS. Hayes PROCESS macro (Model 1) assessed whether physical activity moderated the relationship between BMI and symptoms., Results: Lower BMI (B = .06, p < .01) and optimal physical activity (B =  - .69, p < .01) were independently associated with lower pain interference. Lower BMI was also associated with lower pain severity (B = .04, p < .001). Neither BMI nor physical activity was associated with fatigue or depressive symptoms. Physical activity did not moderate the relationship between BMI and symptoms., Conclusions: Among breast cancer survivors experiencing pain, higher BMI and being less physically active were related to greater pain (i.e., severity and/or interference). Physical activity did not buffer the relationships between BMI and pain, fatigue, and depressive symptoms, suggesting that physical activity alone may not be sufficient to influence the strength of the relationships between BMI and symptoms., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

There is tremendous interest in understanding how neighborhoods impact health by linking extant social and environmental drivers of health (SDOH) data with electronic health record (EHR) data. Studies quantifying such associations often use static neighborhood measures. Little research examines the impact of gentrification-a measure of neighborhood change-on the health of long-term neighborhood residents using EHR data, which may have a more generalizable population than traditional approaches. We quantified associations between gentrification and health and healthcare utilization by linking longitudinal socioeconomic data from the American Community Survey with EHR data across two health systems accessed by long-term residents of Durham County, NC, from 2007 to 2017. Census block group-level neighborhoods were eligible to be gentrified if they had low socioeconomic status relative to the county average. Gentrification was defined using socioeconomic data from 2006 to 2010 and 2011-2015, with the Steinmetz-Wood definition. Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression models estimated associations between gentrification and development of health indicators (cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, asthma, depression) or healthcare encounters (emergency department [ED], inpatient, or outpatient). Sensitivity analyses examined two alternative gentrification measures. Of the 99 block groups within the city of Durham, 28 were eligible (N = 10,807; median age = 42; 83% Black; 55% female) and 5 gentrified. Individuals in gentrifying neighborhoods had lower odds of obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81-0.99), higher odds of an ED encounter (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01-1.20), and lower risk for outpatient encounters (incidence rate ratio = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87-1.00) compared with non-gentrifying neighborhoods. The association between gentrification and health and healthcare utilization was sensitive to gentrification definition., (© 2022. The New York Academy of Medicine.)