Air pollution, particularly from particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (eBC), has been implicated in airway pathologies. This study aims to assess the relationship between exposure to these pollutants and respiratory function in various populations, including healthy individuals, while seeking an accurate assessment method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bogotá, evaluating respiratory function in the users of bicycles, minivans, and buses through spirometry and impulse oscillometry. Measurements were taken along two main avenues, assessing the PM2.5 and eBC concentrations. The results reveal higher pollutant levels on AVE KR 9, correlating with changes in oscillometry values post-travel. Cyclists exhibited differing pre- and post-travel values compared to bus and minivan users, suggesting aerobic exercise mitigates pollutant impacts. However, no statistically significant spirometry or impulse oscillometry variations were observed among routes or modes. Public transport and minivan users showed greater PM2.5 and eBC exposure, yet no significant changes associated with environmental contaminants were found in respiratory function values. These findings underscore the importance of further research on pollutant effects and respiratory health in urban environments, particularly concerning different transport modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The small robotic vehicle presented in this article is a special, multifunctional vehicle that can perform diagnostic tasks in several different areas. Examination of heat release and heat losses, which characterizes the efficiency of processes in many technical areas. A device that penetrates into small spaces may be needed. In this area, an important task is to navigate the device to the right place under trucks and cars to perform thermal camera diagnostics. The examination of excessive heat emission is extremely important to filter out faulty transmission systems, faulty engines, and to detect excessively hot brake drums, which are unfortunately also responsible for causing many serious accidents and fires. The remote-controlled navigation robot with a camera presented in the article is perfectly suited for the above task, as it can also transmit the image of the thermal camera to a remote display. In addition to automotive applications, the device can also be used for other industrial purposes and machine diagnostic tasks. I According to the current European Union building energy regulations, new buildings must have almost zero energy requirements. The so-called thermal bridges must be calculated for both old and new buildings under construction. A useful solution to this problem can be the quick and cost-effective energetic measurement and classification of thermal bridges, factors, and structural elements that cause heat loss. The Heat Spotter robotic vehicle presented and built in the article is suitable for the above tasks, ready to be manufactured and quickly paying for itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The article discusses the definitions of the concepts: automation, autonomy, technical means. The definition of the concept of an autonomous technical means is given. Autonomous technical means are considered as technical means with the ability to perform certain actions without human intervention. Autonomous technical means were defined as products with various degree of endurance according to a predetermined function. The analysis of legal regulation in the field of creation, implementation, use of autonomous technical means is carried out. It is concluded that there is an urgent need to create new approaches to the legal regulation of this area. The possibilities that an autonomous technical means should have for their use as a transport safety violator have been determined. Autonomous technical means with remote control technology are subdivided by the type of communication channel (mechanical, wire, radio, ultrasonic, infrared). Autonomous technical means such as unmanned aerial vehicles, RC Sports Models & Toys and Special technical means are proposed to be considered as a potential threat to transport security. A brief overview of the allocated autonomous technical means is given, as well as a comparative analysis. The comparison was made according to such characteristics as average autonomous operation time, remoteness from the operator, remoteness from the object, availability of standard means of photo/video recording, availability of standard storage medium, feedback function, availability in the market, pricing. It is concluded that the UAV is a multipurpose vehicle that can be used both for collecting data and for influencing a transport infrastructure object (can be used to destroy (attack) any targets). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Multi-purpose agricultural tractors are vehicles that are usually involved in different operations, including road maintenance in small villages and cultivation of small agricultural plots, particularly in mountainous areas. These vehicles typically feature narrow tracks to enhance manoeuvrability, making rollover stability a critical consideration in operational settings. This characteristic arises from the interplay between the suspension and vehicle chassis. This paper introduces a numerical multi-body model designed to replicate the dynamics of a multi-purpose tractor with a torsional chassis. Model parameters were derived through experimental measurements conducted on an actual vehicle. Static measurements were performed to assess tire and suspension stiffness while tilting tests were performed to establish the static rollover limit of the vehicle. Dynamic tests conducted on a four-post test rig characterised the vehicle's dynamics. The validated model was utilised to explore the vehicle's stability by reproducing the static rollover tests and simulating the vehicle's performance under working conditions on a banked road. The vehicle rollover stability was studied by performing a sensitivity analysis that considered both chassis torsional stiffness and suspension stiffness under different loading conditions. The results indicate a trade-off between frame and suspension stiffnesses that enhances overall vehicle stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
USED cars, SPARE parts, DRIVERS' licenses, MINIVANS, USED car sales & prices
Abstract
This document offers a comprehensive list of used cars that can be purchased for under £30,000. The cars are categorized by type, such as SUV, luxury car, and hot hatch, and each category includes specific models with their production years, available engines, and prices. The document also provides brief descriptions of each model, highlighting their positive and negative aspects. The information is aimed at potential buyers looking for affordable luxury cars and provides insights into the performance, features, and potential drawbacks of each model. [Extracted from the article]
This article provides updates on Motor Trend's long-term fleet, with a focus on their Tesla Model Y. The Model Y is described as the bestselling electric vehicle in the world and the third bestselling vehicle overall. Initial impressions of the Model Y are mixed, with praise for the Tesla Supercharger network but criticism for build quality. The article also briefly discusses a battery degradation issue with the Ford F-150 Lightning and an experiment taking the Subaru WRX on unpaved forest service roads. Additionally, the author shares their experiences with the Subaru WRX, Toyota Corolla Cross, and Genesis G90, providing insights into the pros and cons of each model. Lastly, the article discusses the features, performance, and reliability of the 2022 Kia Carnival EX minivan, highlighting positive feedback from readers and owners. [Extracted from the article]
The article focuses on Hinks Haulage, a company based in Oldbury, West Midlands, known for providing a diverse range of transportation services tailored to handle various types of cargo. Founded in 1999 by Brian, the company has steadily expanded its fleet and workforce, now comprising 12 rigids, 10 artics, and a dedicated team of staff and drivers, offering specialized services including transshipping, consolidating loads, unloading containers, and storing unusual goods.
In India more than 50% of total population depends on agriculture. Mainly The conventional method of ploughing and seed sowing are laborious processes and involves drudgery. Though mechanized equipment is available in the market, they are costly and small-scale farmers are not able to buy. In this paper focuses on design and fabrication of a low-cost agriculture utility vehicle for multipurpose operations such as sowing, seeding, spraying, and levelling of land. In this vehicle, a solar panel of silicon type 12v/5watts is used to automate the processes of seeding and spraying by using PMDC motors of 12v/1amp. The objective of this concept is to reduce the manpower and also avoid the time consumption utilizing solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Farmers in ancient India use bullocks, horses and he-buffalo for farming operation which didn't satisfy the need of energy requirement as compared to other countries in the world. This results in delayed agriculture crop production practices. To replace human and animal efforts and to reduce the delay in agriculture production we are planning to develop cost effective multipurpose vehicle for small scale farmers. The multipurpose agricultural vehicle is doing three operations i.e. ploughing, seed sowing, levelling. The vehicle is driven by electric motor which is used for ploughing (also called as loosening of soil), seed sowing and levelling. By using above attachments, one may perform various farming operations in less time and economically. It is powered by a brushless dc motor with rechargeable battery for the power supply. The transmission of power is done by using chain sprockets. One time charging of battery will run the motor for 80 minutes. This machine can be used to reduce labour Cost. The machine sow seed constantly at the uniform depth and constant plant to plant distance which reduces wastage of seed and save time required for sowing seed. In conventional method there will be more seed wastage and more time will be taken to cover the field. The plough tool is to hoe or plough the soil then the seed is sowed the T-Shape leveller will cover the soil. In this machine we developed a detachable attachment for ploughing tools which is more flexible than the conventional method. The multipurpose farming machine will be available for small and medium farmer at affordable price. For using this machine productivity of the crops will be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
MINIVANS, ARMORED military vehicles, INFORMATION & communication technologies, AUTONOMOUS vehicles, MILITARY vehicles
Abstract
Copyright of Safety & Security Sciences Review / Biztonságtudományi Szemle is the property of Obuda University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
The article offers information on exceptional acts of bravery and heroism by law enforcement officers beyond their routine duties. Topics include officers Andrew Wood and Michael Madrid in Tooele City, Utah, rescuing a 12-year-old girl from a submerged minivan; highlighting the officers' courage and dedication to duty; encouraging nominations for similar acts for recognition in the Bulletin Notes; and seeking nominations with detailed accounts and accompanying photographs for recognition.
Kevin Isemonger reports from the Land Rover 75th anniversary. Inspired by the 2018 Methven event, a Wanaka Land Rover enthusiast Rod Corbett thought it would be great to host the 75th Land Rover birthday celebration as it aligned perfectly with the third bi-annual "Wheels at Wanaka" event over Easter in 2023. In 2018 the Canterbury Rover Car Club hosted the Land Rover 70th birthday in Methven alongside the regional Rover rally - with well over 200 Land Rovers in attendance. [Extracted from the article]
MINIVANS, WATER jets, STATION wagons, WOODWORK, METALWORK
Abstract
An essential element of the truck was the need for a home away from home when Chad and Sara were on the road. Chad has built about a dozen trucks over the years but this one is special, built for Sara and surprisingly, this petite lady drives her massive rig everywhere! FEATURES FEATURE 40-FEET SUPER WHITE MONSTER FEATURE 40-FEET SUPER WHITE MONSTER HIS WIFE WANTED HER OWN TRUCK BUT THIS WAS UNEXPECTED!. [Extracted from the article]
For the typical around-town errands a minivan spends most of its life doing, the Pacifica's EPA-rated 32 miles of electric range mean all the school pickups and grocery runs could be gas-free, as long as you're gentle on the accelerator. Chrysler doesn't put "PHEV" anywhere on the Pacifica, which is odd because it's the only plug-in minivan, and you'd think Chrysler would want to brag about that. - Austin Irwin 2nd Place: Kia Carnival If your family needs the sliding-door lifestyle, but you prefer to park with the SUVs, Kia sees your cool-kid hang-ups and addresses them with a minivan that doesn't look like a minivan. FINAL RESULTS Vehicle DRIVER COMFORT ERGONOMICS SECOND-ROW COMFORT SECOND-ROW SPACE* THIRD-ROW COMFORT THIRD-ROW SPACE* CARGO SPACE* TOWING CAPACITY* FEATURES/AMENITIES* FIT AND FINISH INTERIOR STYLING EXTERIOR STYLING REBATES/EXTRAS* AS-TESTED PRICE* SUBTOTAL Powertrain 1/4-MILE ACCELERATION* FLEXIBILITY* FUEL ECONOMY* ENGINE NVH TRANSMISSION SUBTOTAL Chassis PERFORMANCE* STEERING FEEL BRAKE FEEL HANDLING RIDE SUBTOTAL Experience FUN TO DRIVE GRAND TOTAL HT
The article reviews several rail engines includes the 'OO' gauge Class 143/144 two-car 'Pacer' Diesel Multiple Units (DMUs) in the EFE Rail range; the 'OO' gauge JJA Autoballaster hopper wagons; and the 'N' gauge Class 90 90042 in Freightliner Powerhaul livery from Bachmann Industries.
HEALTH facilities, LAW enforcement agencies, SERVICE industries, GOVERNMENT agencies, MINIVANS, GOVERNMENT purchasing
Abstract
The article presents the most popular models of passenger cars among authorities, institutions and organizations. The author provides information on the volume of purchases and total costs of cars of different brands and autobody types by authorities, institutions and organizations from January to October 2022. It is found that the largest number of passenger cars was purchased by law enforcement agencies, health care institutions, housing and communal services enterprises, and the State administration bodies. The most popular models were Renault Duster, Renault Express, Toyota RAV4, Renault Sandero Stepway Life+, Haval Jolion. The most popular were: among crossovers – the Renault Duster, among sedans – Peugeot 301, among the SUV – Toyota RAV4, among the hatchbacks – Renault Sandero Stepway Life+, among the station-wagons – ?koda Superb and Renaut Megan, among the vans – Fiat Doblo Combi Mahi, among the minivans – Renault Express, among the minibuses – Mercedes-Benz sprinter 313. Renault cars are most demanded. The most popular autobody types are crossover, hatchback and SUV. Sedans are popular in law enforcement agencies, health care facilities, housing and communal services. Crossovers are most in demand in law enforcement agencies, health care institutions, and the State administrations. Hatchbacks are in demand in law enforcement and healthcare facilities. The SUVs are of greatest popularity in law enforcement agencies, housing and communal services enterprises, and the State administrations. The main buyer of the vans are the State administrations, health care institutions, and housing and communal services enterprises. Minivans are used by law enforcement agencies and housing and communal services enterprises. The author estimates that in 2022, through the Prozorro public procurement website, government agencies spent UAH 234.003 million on the purchase of passenger cars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The main aim of the paper is to elaborate the development of multipurpose agricultural vehicle, forperforming major agricultural operations likeploughing, seeding, harvesting. The modification includes fabricating a vehicle which is small, compact in size. The project is about amachine design which makes cultivation much simpler. The design of the chassis of the vehicle is made in such away that it issuitable for the operations. The design for automatic seed sowing equipment is made. The plough is designed and modified thecurrently available plough tool in such a way that it with stand the load. The harvester (cutter) is designed and working by scotch yoke mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
LUNAR exploration, HUMAN space flight, MINIVANS, SYSTEMS design, RISK assessment, FOOTPRINTS
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Orion Medical Kit System has been designed to provide the base medical functionality for the multi-purpose crew vehicle for up to a 21-day orbital mission. The medical system design was derived from a combination of probabilistic risk assessment tool analysis, NASA subject matter expert review, application of the NASA Spaceflight Human System Standard for Crew Health, and an understanding of the initial mission sets for the Artemis Missions. The ultimate design of the Orion Medical System was also strongly influenced by mass and volume considerations. Thus, the selection of diagnostic capabilities was also driven by the mass and volume footprint of available devices and whether they could be integrated into the vehicle data systems. In this presentation, a high-level description of the selected medical diagnostic and treatment capabilities will be reviewed. Lessons learned from designing the system will be highlighted along with considerations for how the Orion Medical Kit System will need to evolve for Gateway and the lunar exploration components of Artemis. Finally, considerations for future exploration vehicle medical system design and integration will be highlighted. Learning Objectives 1. The participant will be able to describe the main factors that went into the design of the Orion Medical Kit System. 2. The participant will learn the major components as well as high-level diagnostic and treatment capabilities of the Orion Medical Kit System. 3. The participant will be able to identify challenges to spacecraft medical system design and possible methods for addressing these challenges early on in program development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
• It is the first known study examining pedestrian crash types and vehicle types. • Larger passenger vehicles were more likely to hit pedestrians in two scenarios. • The first was when turning at intersections. • The second was when pedestrians were on or near travel-lane edges at nonintersections. • Findings suggest pedestrians near front corners of larger vehicles difficult to see. • More research is needed to examine A-pillar blind zones by vehicle type. Introduction: This is the first known study that examines the association between common pedestrian crash types and passenger vehicle types. Method: The analysis included single-vehicle, single-pedestrian crashes from two data sets: North Carolina state crash data and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). We performed separate multinomial logistic regression analyses of major pedestrian crash types occurring at or near intersections and at nonintersections. Results: At or near intersections, minivans, large vans, pickups, and SUVs (collectively known as light truck vehicles, or LTVs) were more likely than cars to be involved in crossing-roadway–vehicle-turning-left crashes versus crossing-roadway–vehicle-not-turning crashes. LTVs were also more likely involved in fatal crossing-roadway–vehicle-turning-right crashes at or near intersections versus crossing-roadway–vehicle-not-turning crashes when compared with cars. At nonintersections, LTVs were associated with increased odds of walking-along-roadway crashes relative to crossing-roadway–vehicle-not-turning crashes when compared with cars. Conclusions: LTVs were more likely to be involved in certain pedestrian crash types, implying a potentially problematic visibility of pedestrians near the front corners of these vehicles. Practical applications: More research is needed to examine A-pillar blind zones by vehicle type. If it is found that LTVs have larger blind zones, automakers should consider ways to design the A-pillars of these vehicles to minimize blind zones while maintaining pillar strength. Doing this could improve pedestrian safety around these increasingly popular larger vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
This article compares the Peugeot E-3008 and the Skoda Enyaq, with the Skoda winning the twin test. However, the article also mentions other options in the same class, such as the Tesla Model Y, Renault Scenic, Jaguar I-Pace, and BMW iX3. The Tesla Model Y is praised for its performance, efficiency, and user-friendly Supercharger network. The Renault Scenic is noted for its class-leading infotainment and stylish cabin design. The Jaguar I-Pace is highlighted for its ride and handling balance and spacious cabin, while the BMW iX3 is praised for its build quality and refinement. The article also mentions that used examples of the Jaguar I-Pace can be found at bargain prices. [Extracted from the article]
The article features the life and career of Sidney Slater Guy, founder of Guy Motors. Topics discussed include his work experience before forming Guy Motors at the end of 1913, the popularity of Guy Motors in many parts of the world, and the introduction of the 8, 10- and 14-ton GVW Warrior truck in 1956 which had an updated version of the Motor Panels steel cab, similar to the Otter.
Classification of vehicle types using surveillance images is a challenging task in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In this paper, Convolutional Neural Networks for Vehicle types classification are comparatively studied. Firstly, GoogLeNet, ResNet50 and InceptionV4 are exploited as baselines for comparison. Secondly, we proposed a new network architecture based on GoogLeNet, ResNet50 and InceptionV4, named Fused Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (FDCNN), to take advantage of the 'Inception' module on parameter optimization and 'Residual' module on avoiding gradient vanishing, and applied the model to vehicle types classification. Thirdly, we created a vehicle dataset under the conditions of complicated and varied weather and lighting conditions, and conducted comparative experiments using the SEU vehicle dataset. Experimental results show much better performance of the proposed FDCNN with RMSprop optimizer on recognizing vehicle types. Specifically, the average classification accuracies of six vehicle types, such as truck, coach, sedan, minivan, pickup and SUV, are over 96.8%. Among the six classes of vehicle types, sedan is the most difficult to classify and the proposed FDCNN achieved over 93.81% accuracy in comparative experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ELECTRIC vehicles, AUTOMOBILE sales & prices, MINIVANS, AUTOMOBILE industry, AUTOMOBILES
Abstract
Toyota's decision to only offer the Camry sedan as a hybrid model in the US has proven successful, with sales of the hybrid version reaching an all-time high. In August, Toyota sold 25,087 Camry sedans, with all but 107 being hybrid gas-electric models. This represents a 51% increase in Camry volumes compared to the previous year. Toyota's decision to focus on hybrid vehicles reflects the growing demand for gas-electric powertrains among car buyers. In August, Toyota's sales of electrified models, including hybrids, accounted for a record 48% of total volume. [Extracted from the article]
Toyota Motor Corp. experienced its first growth in sales in six months, driven by strong demand in Europe and Japan. Despite recalls in the US hindering the company's recovery, global sales increased by 0.7% to 924,918 units in July. However, the company still faced competition from domestic carmakers in China. Toyota's production has also been affected by Typhoon Shanshan, which shut down its Japanese plants. The company has been dealing with vehicle scandals and had to revise down its annual global production outlook. In contrast, Honda Motor Co.'s sales fell by about 4%, while Nissan Motor Co.'s global sales and output decreased. [Extracted from the article]
SPORT utility vehicles, TYPHOONS, AUTOMOBILE industry, MINIVANS, SHIPMENT of goods
Abstract
Toyota Motor Corp. experienced its first sales growth in six months, with global sales rising 0.7% to 924,918 units in July. Strong demand in Europe and Japan contributed to this growth, although recalls in the US hindered the company's recovery. The company also faced competition from domestic carmakers in China. Additionally, Toyota's Japanese plants were shut down due to Typhoon Shanshan, further impacting their operations. The company has been dealing with vehicle scandals and a corrective order from the Japanese government. [Extracted from the article]
ELECTRIC automobiles, CORPORATE profits, CHIEF financial officers, ELECTRIC vehicles, MINIVANS, COST control
Abstract
Li Auto Inc., a Beijing-based automaker, reported lower-than-expected profits due to price cuts on its vehicles. The company's net income for the second quarter was 1.1 billion yuan ($154.4 million), a decrease of 52.3% compared to the same period last year. However, total revenue increased by 10.6% to 31.7 billion yuan, and the company delivered 108,581 vehicles during the quarter. Li Auto aims to deliver up to 155,000 vehicles in the third quarter and expects improved margins and cash flow in the second half of the year. The company's L-Series of extended range EVs performed well, but its first pure-electric multi-purpose vehicle has struggled. Li Auto plans to focus on core users and has adjusted its annual sales target. [Extracted from the article]
MINIVANS, HYBRID electric cars, SOLAR panels, COMMERCIAL vehicles, RECORDER players
Abstract
The article discusses the author's perspective on different types of fuels for vehicles. The author acknowledges that there is no right or wrong fuel and that buyers should choose what is best for their budget and needs. The author also shares a personal anecdote about a versatile sound system that could run on various power sources. The article suggests that a state-of-the-art hybrid vehicle with the ability to travel long distances on electric power and incorporate solar panels and a wind-up handle could be the most flexible option for motorists in the future. The author proposes the concept of multi-fuelled vehicles (MFVs) as a wise and flexible choice for the 2020s and beyond. [Extracted from the article]
Stellantis has issued a recall for approximately 24,000 Chrysler Pacifica plug-in hybrid minivans worldwide due to fire risks. The recall affects model years 2017 through 2021, with about 19,500 vehicles in the United States. Stellantis has identified seven incidents where fires occurred while the vehicles were turned off, as well as four customers reporting symptoms consistent with smoke inhalation. The company attributes these events to a rare abnormality in individual cells of the high-voltage battery pack. Stellantis is working on a software update to detect the abnormality, and affected vehicles can continue to be driven while awaiting the update. [Extracted from the article]
• • Cost efficiency analysis of vehicle technologies for semi-flexible transit. • • Total system cost estimated includes operator, user, and environmental costs. • • Diesel and battery-electric vehicle technology evaluated for three vehicle sizes. • • Optimal values of service headway and slack time are identified. • • Analysed sensitivity to charging speed, demand, and battery capacity. In low-demand areas, semi-flexible transit system (SFT) operated by battery electric vehicles (BEVs) can reduce operational costs and achieve zero emissions, allowing SFT to be used more widely, and transit agencies to benefit more significantly. This paper is aimed at analyzing the effect of the additional requirements of BEVs on the cost efficiency of SFT services while considering different headways and slack time to accommodate route-deviation. Analytical models are used for detailed estimation of the total cost, including operator, user, and environmental costs, allowing a comparison with internal combustion engine (ICEV) vehicle technology, and three vehicle sizes: minivans, standard vans, and minibuses. Study results can be used to evaluate budget requirements to upgrade an existing ICEV based standard bus service along an underperforming low demand route to a BEV based SFT service. The application of the proposed methodology is demonstrated for a low-demand bus route in Regina, Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
*MINIVANS, *ALTERNATING current electric motors, *SYNCHRONOUS electric motors, *COMPACT cars, *HEAD-up displays, *OIL filters
Abstract
Soon we will no longer think of the minivan as a penalty box, especially minivans that can save considerable money at the pump over other seven-seaters, the way our Sienna did. Long-Term Test AFTER TRACKING EVERY FILL-UP, SERVICE, PROBLEM, COMPLAINT, DENT, AND DOG HAIR, CAR AND DRIVER PRESENTS THE 40,000-MILE EVALUATION. This is one fantastic van, and it turns out the rest of the car-buying public agrees, because during 2021 the Sienna became the bestselling minivan on the market. Rolling Start, 5-60 mph ………………… 9.0 sec ……… 8.2 sec Braking, 70-0 mph … 194 ft ………… 182 ft Roadholding, 300-ft Skidpad ……… 0.77 g ………… 0.80 g Top Speed (gov ltd) …………………………… 116 mph C/D Fuel Economy • Observed …………………………………………… 29 mpg EPA Fuel Economy • Comb/City/Hwy …………………… 35/35/36 mpg Minivan Life, Quantified SERVICE - Dealer Visits • Scheduled …………………………. [Extracted from the article]
The article offers information on the Gordon's Lane, a collection of ‘OO' gauge exhibition layouts developed either solo or as part of the Beckenham and West Wickham Model Railway Club. It discusses that much of the motive power and rolling stock is ready-to-run and comes from the main manufacturers, although there are some unique handbuilt models too.
Serving both passenger and freight demand with the same vehicle fleet is an ambition that led to the development of several innovative vehicle concepts [10, 26]. This study proposes a simulation-based methodology to investigate the execution of freight tours with an On-Demand fleet of autonomous, modular vehicles while giving priority to passenger transport. Based on assumptions regarding the operational scheme, tour pricing and delivery time windows, the software Multi-Agent Transport Simulation (MATSim) is extended. The developed methodology is then applied to a Berlin-wide freight delivery scenario. The results show that when using a relatively large vehicle fleet, passenger waiting time statistics barely change. However, it has to be noted that the study should be repeated with different (smaller) fleet sizes. A rough cost analysis for the freight operator suggests that there is a large saving potential when using autonomous On-Demand vehicles instead of an owned fleet. Because of the uncertainty of price composition, further studies to quantify this saving potential have to be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Different urban transportation flows (e.g., passenger journeys, freight distribution, and waste management) are conventionally separately handled by corresponding single-purpose vehicles (SVs). The multi-purpose vehicle (MV) is a novel vehicle concept that can enable the sequential sharing of different transportation flows by changing the so-called modules, thus theoretically improving the efficiency of urban transportation through the utilization of higher vehicles. In this study, a variant of the pick-up and delivery problem with time windows is established to describe the sequential sharing problem considering both MVs and SVs with features of multiple depots, partial recharging strategies, and fleet sizing. MVs can change their load modules to carry all item types that can also be carried by SVs. To solve the routing problem, an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm is developed with new problem-specific heuristics. The proposed ALNS is tested on 15 small-size cases and evaluated using a commercial MIP solver. Results show that the proposed algorithm is time-efficient and able to generate robust and high-quality solutions. We investigate the performance of the ALNS algorithm by analyzing convergence and selection probabilities of the heuristic solution that destroy and repair operators. On 15 large-size instances, we compare results for pure SV, pure MV, and mixed fleets, showing that the introduction of MVs can allow smaller fleet sizes while approximately keeping the same total travel distance as for pure SVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Bishoftu automotive industry (BAI) is the predominant manufacturing company in Ethiopia and is known for the manufacturing of multipurpose vehicles. The study sought to establish the effect of agile supply chain management practices on the operational performance of the Bishoftu automotive industry and examine challenges faced by the implementation of agile supply chain management practices in the Bishoftu automotive industry. Primary data were collected from 83 sampled respondents. The study employed a descriptive and explanatory research design. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyse the data. The finding reveals that all the agile supply chain management practices (CRM, strategic supplier partnership, customer sensitivity, and postponement practices) were explained and practiced in the industry. From the challenges faced by BAI, the inability to predict demand uncertainty of buyers and lack of management support to agile supply chain management practice challenges BAI to a great extent. All the agile supply chain practices were found to have a positive and significant correlation with the dependent variable which is the operational performance of BAI. Furthermore, the regression analysis shows that the construct of the model explained the independent variable (OP) by 54.6% and the independent variables of CRM and customer sensitivity had higher predicting power on the operational performance of BAI. The implication is that operational performance can be achieved and boosted through utilizing effective implementation of strategies of agile supply chain management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
• Mobility codes do not accurately represent modern military mobility on organic soil. • Low ground pressure vehicles perform better on organic soil. • Organic soils have a wide variability of soil and vegetation conditions. Current political climates have generated a renewed interest in the northern regions of the world. These areas are known to have soft marshy peat, highly organic soils, and harsh winter climates. Current capabilities for vehicle mobility modeling on this terrain is limited and existing studies do not include contemporary military vehicles. This work presents mobility experiments of modern military vehicles at multiple field sites containing peat or highly organic soils that can be used to improve mobility modeling on these soils. Field experiments are being conducted during multiple seasons, including winter, spring, and summer. The vehicle traction, motion resistance, and hard surface rolling resistance of an instrumented High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) and a Small Unit Support Vehicle (SUSV) were examined. The first is a common multi-purpose vehicle and the second is a vehicle designed to operate in these types of environments. This data set will provide the basis for model development and validation for vehicle mobility in highly organic soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Obtaining an excellent power cooling performance of the engine and minimizing the cooling drag in the underhood compartment are vital for safe driving and energy saving of vehicles. For this purpose, a multi-software co-simulation platform including the mesh deformation (Sculptor), computational fluid dynamics (Star-CCM+), and thermal management (KULI) software, was established by script compilation in the ISIGHT software. Based on this platform, a multi-objective optimization design method was proposed to study the outlet water temperature of the engine (OWTE), the inlet air temperature of the engine (IATE) and the cooling drag coefficient (CDC) of a typical multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) by combining the second-order response surface method (RSM) and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). The results of sensitivities showed that the design variable V11 representing the fan speed had the most significant effect on the OWTE, IATE, and CDC. Through the grey relational analysis method, the trade-off optimum point was obtained. It was in good agreement with the result derived from the CFD simulation, with the maximum relative error less than 1.4%. Compared to the baseline values, the optimized CDC decreased by 21.0% and the power cooling performance of the engine was well guaranteed. It indicated that the proposed multi-objective optimization design method based on the co-simulation platform, owed the ability to solve the problem of compromising the design of power cooling performance and cooling drag in the underhood compartment of typical MPVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
In this paper, the conceptual design of reusable winged suborbital vehicles with rocket propulsion is investigated considering two mission configurations: 1) the satellite-launch configuration in combination with an expendable upper stage and 2) the highaltitude suborbital-flight configuration in combination with an external payload carrier. It is expected that such a multi-purpose vehicle concept can save the total development cost of orbital and suborbital transportation systems. However, the transportation performance of the multi-purpose vehicle may be inferior to that of single-purpose vehicles specialized for specific missions, since the suited vehicle design depends on the mission trajectory. Considering this issue, this paper conducts multidisciplinary design optimization with two objectives for maximizing orbital and suborbital transportation performances. In order to optimize the vehicle design, the satellite-launch trajectory, and the suborbital flight trajectory in an integrated and efficient way, a decomposition-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and a gradient-based optimization method are applied to vehicle design and trajectory design, respectively, with a nested structure. The obtained solutions reveal the tradeoff characteristics of these two missions, and they provide some information on the feasibility of this multi-purpose vehicle concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Purpose: This study aims to improve Process Cycle Efficiency (PCE) by reducing waste in the assembly production line. This research is a case study conducted in a four-wheel vehicle manufacturing company to create a Lean production system. Methodology/Approach: This study uses the Waste Assessment Model (WAM) and Lean Automation integration methods carried out by 5 expert judgements in the selected four-wheeled vehicle industry. Findings: Based on the WAM method, this study found the biggest waste on the assembly line, namely transportation with a percentage of 20.44%. Improvements made with Lean Automation can increase the value of PCE from 56.76% to 63.62%. Research Limitation/Implication: This research is limited to one model, namely Multi Purpose vehicle (MPv). This research provides benefits for companies related to waste reduction. For similar companies, this research can be input for manufacturing practitioners in improving manufacturing performance to compete in the global market. This Lean production can reduce manpower which has an impact on saving production costs. Originality/Value of paper: This paper provides added value related to the application of Lean terminology which aims to improve industrial automation-based manufacturing companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Honda Motor Co. has launched an updated version of its Freed minivan in Japan, which includes a two-motor hybrid option. The new models have been designed to be more spacious and can accommodate up to six people. Honda aims to sell 700,000 units of the Freed annually and has already received 24,000 orders for the new models, with hybrids accounting for 85% of those orders. Hybrids are gaining popularity in Japan, and Honda plans to produce 2 million hybrids per year by 2030. The company sees hybrids as a way to fund the development of electric vehicles (EVs) and is investing $11 billion to build its EV supply chain in Canada. [Extracted from the article]
PLUG-in hybrid electric vehicles, MINIVANS, ELECTRIC vehicles testing
Abstract
A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of being admit, looking over the pages, and do have a little tingle of excitement for 2022 and what is to come, given what we have seen this year.
Farley stayed as head of Ford Europe until2017, then had a couple of senior roles backat Ford in Detroit before landing the big one on1 October, 2020, when he became CEO ofFord worldwide. Itwas no coincidence that Ford's then-CEO,who brought Farley on board, had been drivinga Lexus in his previous job as CEO of Boeing. THE OCTANE INTERVIEW The CEO of Ford is a dyed-in-the-wool car guy. I said, "You're right."' Farley's grandfather -- to whom he was veryclose -- had previously suggested that he try fora job with a car company, but Farley dismissedthe idea. [Extracted from the article]
To suggest that Jeep's seven- or eight-passenger Wagoneer L/Grand Wagoneer L twins are elephantine is to libel pachyderms. Lows: Gas mileage that's difficult to countenance, cockpit electronics require a seven-day tutorial in Dallas, roughly as Jeepish as a Bentley. Highs: Eats interstate miles like a Greyhound, luxury appointments of the new king's polo closet, will carry two caskets simultaneously. [Extracted from the article]
*MINIVANS, *PARKING garages, *AUTOMOBILE seats, *MOTOR homes
Abstract
Frank Markus BASE PRICE $39,055 AS TESTED $39,940 Minivans are a little like brown, diesel, stick-shift station wagons: No matter how much praise we auto scribblers heap on them, Americans shun them a little more each year. Our Carnival EX's base price of $39,055 is $5,500 more than an LX, $3,500 less than an SX with minivan seats, and $8,500 less than the Barcalounger model. Departments & Features Arrival: 2022 Kia Carnival (EX) EPA CITY/HWY/COMB FUEL ECON 19/26/22 mpg "Can the latest entry in a dwindling minivan field win me over?". [Extracted from the article]
• This study investigated the factors in driver injury severities from distracted driving in four passenger vehicles for single analysis year. • This study examined distraction with cell phone talking/texting, navigation, music system, internal/external sources, and inattention. • The model estimates highlighted significant risk factors influencing the severity of driver injuries that varied depending on the vehicle type. • The study findings revealed valuable insights of the risk factors in distracted driving in passenger cars, SUVs, pickup trucks, and minivans. Distracted driving poses a significant risk on the roadway users, with the level of distraction and crash outcomes varying depending on the type of vehicle. Drivers of passenger cars, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), pickup trucks, minivans experience distinct levels of distraction, leading to potential crashes. This study investigates into the severity of driver injuries resulting from distracted driving in these vehicle categories, shedding light on the variations in single-vehicle crashes. Focusing on single-vehicle crashes in Florida during 2019, involving passenger cars, SUVs, pickup trucks, and minivans caused by distracted driving, the study examines various distractions such as, electronic communication devices (cell phones), electronic devices (navigation systems, music players), internal and external disturbances, texting, and inattentive driving. To analyze the severity of injuries resulting from distracted driving in passenger cars, SUVs, pickup trucks, and minivans, the study employs random parameter multinomial logit models with heterogeneity in means and variances. The model estimates highlight thirty-five significant factors influencing the severity of driver injuries resulting from distracted driving. Notably, the impact of these factors varies significantly depending on the vehicle type (i.e., passenger cars, SUVs, pickup trucks, and minivans). While many explanatory variables are specific to each vehicle type, only one factor (restraint belt usage) is common across all vehicle types, with varying magnitudes in injury outcomes. The likelihood ratio tests indicate that injury severity must be analyzed and modeled separately for passenger cars, SUVs, pickup trucks, and minivans. Vehicle characteristics play a crucial role in driver distraction and crash outcomes. Analyzing a year of crash data, categorized by four vehicle types, has provided valuable insights into distracted driving patterns in passenger cars, SUVs, pickup trucks, and minivans, influencing potential prevention strategies. To combat against distracted driving effectively, priority should be given to driver education and training, roadway design, vehicle technology, enforcement, and automobile insurance. The automobile industry, especially for passenger cars, SUVs, pickup trucks, and minivans, should consider implementing advanced in-vehicle technologies tailored to the specific characteristics of each vehicle type (e.g., advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)) to proactively prevent driver distraction. These proactive measures will contribute significantly to enhancing road safety and reducing the risks associated with distracted driving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]