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348 results on '"Miksch, A."'

1. Gapped magnetic ground state in the spin-liquid candidate $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$Ag$_2$(CN)$_3$ suggested by magnetic spectroscopy

Author

Pal, Sudip, Miksch, Björn, von Nidda, Hans-Albrecht Krug, Bauernfeind, Anastasia, Scheffler, Marc, Yoshida, Yukihoro, Saito, Gunzi, Kawamoto, Atsushi, Mézière, Cécile, Avarvari, Narcis, Schlueter, John A., Pustogow, Andrej, and Dressel, Martin

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The nature of the magnetic ground state of highly frustrated systems remained puzzling to this day. Here, we have performed multifrequency electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements on a putative quantum spin liquid compound $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$Ag$_2$(CN)$_3$, which is a rare example of $S = 1/2$ spins on a triangular lattice. At high temperatures, the spin susceptibility exhibits a weak temperature dependence which can be described by the Heisenberg model with an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction of strength $J/k_B \approx 175$ K. At low temperatures, however, the rapid drop of the static spin susceptibility, together with monotonic decrease of the ESR linewidth indicates that strong singlet correlations develop below a pairing energy scale $T^*$ accompanied by a spin gap. On the other hand, a weak Curie-like spin susceptibility and the angular dependence of the linewidth suggest additional contribution from impurity spins. We propose the gradual formation of spin singlets with an inhomogeneous spin gap at low temperatures.

Published
2024

2. Data Type Agnostic Visual Sensitivity Analysis

Author

Piccolotto, Nikolaus, Bögl, Markus, Muehlmann, Christoph, Nordhausen, Klaus, Filzmoser, Peter, Schmidt, Johanna, and Miksch, Silvia

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Modern science and industry rely on computational models for simulation, prediction, and data analysis. Spatial blind source separation (SBSS) is a model used to analyze spatial data. Designed explicitly for spatial data analysis, it is superior to popular non-spatial methods, like PCA. However, a challenge to its practical use is setting two complex tuning parameters, which requires parameter space analysis. In this paper, we focus on sensitivity analysis (SA). SBSS parameters and outputs are spatial data, which makes SA difficult as few SA approaches in the literature assume such complex data on both sides of the model. Based on the requirements in our design study with statistics experts, we developed a visual analytics prototype for data type agnostic visual sensitivity analysis that fits SBSS and other contexts. The main advantage of our approach is that it requires only dissimilarity measures for parameter settings and outputs. We evaluated the prototype heuristically with visualization experts and through interviews with two SBSS experts. In addition, we show the transferability of our approach by applying it to microclimate simulations. Study participants could confirm suspected and known parameter-output relations, find surprising associations, and identify parameter subspaces to examine in the future. During our design study and evaluation, we identified challenging future research opportunities.

Published
2023
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3. A Heuristic Approach for Dual Expert/End-User Evaluation of Guidance in Visual Analytics

Author

Ceneda, Davide, Collins, Christopher, El-Assady, Mennatallah, Miksch, Silvia, Tominski, Christian, and Arleo, Alessio

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Guidance can support users during the exploration and analysis of complex data. Previous research focused on characterizing the theoretical aspects of guidance in visual analytics and implementing guidance in different scenarios. However, the evaluation of guidance-enhanced visual analytics solutions remains an open research question. We tackle this question by introducing and validating a practical evaluation methodology for guidance in visual analytics. We identify eight quality criteria to be fulfilled and collect expert feedback on their validity. To facilitate actual evaluation studies, we derive two sets of heuristics. The first set targets heuristic evaluations conducted by expert evaluators. The second set facilitates end-user studies where participants actually use a guidance-enhanced system. By following such a dual approach, the different quality criteria of guidance can be examined from two different perspectives, enhancing the overall value of evaluation studies. To test the practical utility of our methodology, we employ it in two studies to gain insight into the quality of two guidance-enhanced visual analytics solutions, one being a work-in-progress research prototype, and the other being a publicly available visualization recommender system. Based on these two evaluations, we derive good practices for conducting evaluations of guidance in visual analytics and identify pitfalls to be avoided during such studies., Comment: Accepted to IEEE VIS 2023

Published
2023
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4. Visual Analytics for Understanding Draco's Knowledge Base

Author

Schmidt, Johanna, Pointner, Bernhard, and Miksch, Silvia

Subjects
Computer Science - Graphics, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Draco has been developed as an automated visualization recommendation system formalizing design knowledge as logical constraints in ASP (Answer-Set Programming). With an increasing set of constraints and incorporated design knowledge, even visualization experts lose overview in Draco and struggle to retrace the automated recommendation decisions made by the system. Our paper proposes an Visual Analytics (VA) approach to visualize and analyze Draco's constraints. Our VA approach is supposed to enable visualization experts to accomplish identified tasks regarding the knowledge base and support them in better understanding Draco. We extend the existing data extraction strategy of Draco with a data processing architecture capable of extracting features of interest from the knowledge base. A revised version of the ASP grammar provides the basis for this data processing strategy. The resulting incorporated and shared features of the constraints are then visualized using a hypergraph structure inside the radial-arranged constraints of the elaborated visualization. The hierarchical categories of the constraints are indicated by arcs surrounding the constraints. Our approach is supposed to enable visualization experts to interactively explore the design rules' violations based on highlighting respective constraints or recommendations. A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the prototype confirms the prototype's effectiveness and value in acquiring insights into Draco's recommendation process and design constraints., Comment: To be presented at VIS 2023

Published
2023

11. Visualizing Uncertainty in Sets

Author

Tominski, Christian, Behrisch, Michael, Bleisch, Susanne, Fabrikant, Sara Irina, Mayr, Eva, Miksch, Silvia, and Purchase, Helen

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Graphics
Abstract

Set visualization facilitates the exploration and analysis of set-type data. However, how sets should be visualized when the data is uncertain is still an open research challenge. To address the problem of depicting uncertainty in set visualization, we ask (i) which aspects of set type data can be affected by uncertainty and (ii) which characteristics of uncertainty influence the visualization design. We answer these research questions by first developing a conceptual framework that brings together (i) the information that is primarily relevant in sets (i.e., set membership, set attributes, and element attributes) and (ii) different plausible categories of (un)certainty (i.e., certainty, undefined uncertainty as a binary fact, and defined uncertainty as quantifiable measure). Based on the conceptual framework, we systematically discuss visualization examples of integrating uncertainty in set visualizations. We draw on existing knowledge about general uncertainty visualization and fill gaps where set-specific aspects have not yet been considered sufficiently.

Published
2023

13. On Time and Space: An Experimental Study on Graph Structural and Temporal Encodings

Author

Filipov, Velitchko, Arleo, Alessio, Bögl, Markus, and Miksch, Silvia

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, H.5.0
Abstract

Dynamic networks reflect temporal changes occurring to the graph's structure and are used to model a wide variety of problems in many application fields. We investigate the design space of dynamic graph visualization along two major dimensions: the network structural and temporal representation. Significant research has been conducted evaluating the benefits and drawbacks of different structural representations for static graphs, however, few extend this comparison to a dynamic network setting. We conduct a study where we assess the participants' response times, accuracy, and preferences for different combinations of the graph's structural and temporal representations on typical dynamic network exploration tasks, with and without support of common interaction methods. Our results suggest that matrices provide better support for tasks on lower-level entities and basic interactions require longer response times while increasing accuracy. Node-link with auto animation proved to be the quickest and most accurate combination overall, while animation with playback control the most preferred temporal encoding., Comment: Appears in the Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2022)

Published
2022

20. Perspectives of Visualization Onboarding and Guidance in VA

Author

Stoiber, Christina, Ceneda, Davide, Wagner, Markus, Schetinger, Victor, Gschwandtner, Theresia, Streit, Marc, Miksch, Silvia, and Aigner, Wolfgang

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

A typical problem in Visual Analytics is that users are highly trained experts in their application domains, but have mostly no experience in using VA systems. Thus, users often have difficulties interpreting and working with visual representations. To overcome these problems, user assistance can be incorporated into VA systems to guide experts through the analysis while closing their knowledge gaps. Different types of user assistance can be applied to extend the power of VA, enhance the user's experience, and broaden the audience for VA. Although different approaches to visualization onboarding and guidance in VA already exist, there is a lack of research on how to design and integrate them in effective and efficient ways. Therefore, we aim at putting together the pieces of the mosaic to form a coherent whole. Based on the Knowledge-Assisted Visual Analytics model, we contribute a conceptual model of user assistance for VA by integrating the process of visualization onboarding and guidance as the two main approaches in this direction. As a result, we clarify and discuss the commonalities and differences between visualization onboarding and guidance, and discuss how they benefit from the integration of knowledge extraction and exploration. Finally, we discuss our descriptive model by applying it to VA tools integrating visualization onboarding and guidance, and showing how they should be utilized in different phases of the analysis in order to be effective and accepted by the user., Comment: Elsevier Visual Informatics (revised version under review)

Published
2022
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23. Time and Time-Oriented Data

Author

Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, Tominski, Christian, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Editor-in-Chief, Liao, Q. Vera, Editor-in-Chief, Barbosa, Simone, Editorial Board Member, Bernhaupt, Regina, Editorial Board Member, Blagojevic, Rachel, Editorial Board Member, Bunt, Andrea, Editorial Board Member, Cao, Xiang, Editorial Board Member, Carroll, John M., Editorial Board Member, Cherubini, Mauro, Editorial Board Member, de Choudhury, Munmun, Editorial Board Member, Cockton, Gilbert, Editorial Board Member, Dragicevic, Pierre, Editorial Board Member, Duh, Henry Been-Lirn, Editorial Board Member, Feiner, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Fussell, Susan, Editorial Board Member, González-Calleros, Juan, Editorial Board Member, Jacob, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Jorge, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Kuflik, Tsvika, Editorial Board Member, Kumar, Ranjitha, Editorial Board Member, Lazar, Jonathan, Editorial Board Member, Lim, Youn-kyung, Editorial Board Member, Markopoulos, Panos, Editorial Board Member, Myers, Brad A., Editorial Board Member, Palanque, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Schmidt, Albrecht, Editorial Board Member, Schnädelbach, Holger, Editorial Board Member, Seffah, Ahmed, Editorial Board Member, Vatavu, Radu-Daniel, Editorial Board Member, Vetere, Frank, Editorial Board Member, Zhao, Shengdong, Editorial Board Member, Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, and Tominski, Christian

Published
2023
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24. Guiding the Selection of Visualization Techniques

Author

Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, Tominski, Christian, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Editor-in-Chief, Liao, Q. Vera, Editor-in-Chief, Barbosa, Simone, Editorial Board Member, Bernhaupt, Regina, Editorial Board Member, Blagojevic, Rachel, Editorial Board Member, Bunt, Andrea, Editorial Board Member, Cao, Xiang, Editorial Board Member, Carroll, John M., Editorial Board Member, Cherubini, Mauro, Editorial Board Member, de Choudhury, Munmun, Editorial Board Member, Cockton, Gilbert, Editorial Board Member, Dragicevic, Pierre, Editorial Board Member, Duh, Henry Been-Lirn, Editorial Board Member, Feiner, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Fussell, Susan, Editorial Board Member, González-Calleros, Juan, Editorial Board Member, Jacob, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Jorge, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Kuflik, Tsvika, Editorial Board Member, Kumar, Ranjitha, Editorial Board Member, Lazar, Jonathan, Editorial Board Member, Lim, Youn-kyung, Editorial Board Member, Markopoulos, Panos, Editorial Board Member, Myers, Brad A., Editorial Board Member, Palanque, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Schmidt, Albrecht, Editorial Board Member, Schnädelbach, Holger, Editorial Board Member, Seffah, Ahmed, Editorial Board Member, Vatavu, Radu-Daniel, Editorial Board Member, Vetere, Frank, Editorial Board Member, Zhao, Shengdong, Editorial Board Member, Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, and Tominski, Christian

Published
2023
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25. Introduction

Author

Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, Tominski, Christian, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Editor-in-Chief, Liao, Q. Vera, Editor-in-Chief, Barbosa, Simone, Editorial Board Member, Bernhaupt, Regina, Editorial Board Member, Blagojevic, Rachel, Editorial Board Member, Bunt, Andrea, Editorial Board Member, Cao, Xiang, Editorial Board Member, Carroll, John M., Editorial Board Member, Cherubini, Mauro, Editorial Board Member, de Choudhury, Munmun, Editorial Board Member, Cockton, Gilbert, Editorial Board Member, Dragicevic, Pierre, Editorial Board Member, Duh, Henry Been-Lirn, Editorial Board Member, Feiner, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Fussell, Susan, Editorial Board Member, González-Calleros, Juan, Editorial Board Member, Jacob, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Jorge, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Kuflik, Tsvika, Editorial Board Member, Kumar, Ranjitha, Editorial Board Member, Lazar, Jonathan, Editorial Board Member, Lim, Youn-kyung, Editorial Board Member, Markopoulos, Panos, Editorial Board Member, Myers, Brad A., Editorial Board Member, Palanque, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Schmidt, Albrecht, Editorial Board Member, Schnädelbach, Holger, Editorial Board Member, Seffah, Ahmed, Editorial Board Member, Vatavu, Radu-Daniel, Editorial Board Member, Vetere, Frank, Editorial Board Member, Zhao, Shengdong, Editorial Board Member, Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, and Tominski, Christian

Published
2023
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26. Computational Analysis Support

Author

Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, Tominski, Christian, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Editor-in-Chief, Liao, Q. Vera, Editor-in-Chief, Barbosa, Simone, Editorial Board Member, Bernhaupt, Regina, Editorial Board Member, Blagojevic, Rachel, Editorial Board Member, Bunt, Andrea, Editorial Board Member, Cao, Xiang, Editorial Board Member, Carroll, John M., Editorial Board Member, Cherubini, Mauro, Editorial Board Member, de Choudhury, Munmun, Editorial Board Member, Cockton, Gilbert, Editorial Board Member, Dragicevic, Pierre, Editorial Board Member, Duh, Henry Been-Lirn, Editorial Board Member, Feiner, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Fussell, Susan, Editorial Board Member, González-Calleros, Juan, Editorial Board Member, Jacob, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Jorge, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Kuflik, Tsvika, Editorial Board Member, Kumar, Ranjitha, Editorial Board Member, Lazar, Jonathan, Editorial Board Member, Lim, Youn-kyung, Editorial Board Member, Markopoulos, Panos, Editorial Board Member, Myers, Brad A., Editorial Board Member, Palanque, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Schmidt, Albrecht, Editorial Board Member, Schnädelbach, Holger, Editorial Board Member, Seffah, Ahmed, Editorial Board Member, Vatavu, Radu-Daniel, Editorial Board Member, Vetere, Frank, Editorial Board Member, Zhao, Shengdong, Editorial Board Member, Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, and Tominski, Christian

Published
2023
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27. Conclusion

Author

Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, Tominski, Christian, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Editor-in-Chief, Liao, Q. Vera, Editor-in-Chief, Barbosa, Simone, Editorial Board Member, Bernhaupt, Regina, Editorial Board Member, Blagojevic, Rachel, Editorial Board Member, Bunt, Andrea, Editorial Board Member, Cao, Xiang, Editorial Board Member, Carroll, John M., Editorial Board Member, Cherubini, Mauro, Editorial Board Member, de Choudhury, Munmun, Editorial Board Member, Cockton, Gilbert, Editorial Board Member, Dragicevic, Pierre, Editorial Board Member, Duh, Henry Been-Lirn, Editorial Board Member, Feiner, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Fussell, Susan, Editorial Board Member, González-Calleros, Juan, Editorial Board Member, Jacob, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Jorge, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Kuflik, Tsvika, Editorial Board Member, Kumar, Ranjitha, Editorial Board Member, Lazar, Jonathan, Editorial Board Member, Lim, Youn-kyung, Editorial Board Member, Markopoulos, Panos, Editorial Board Member, Myers, Brad A., Editorial Board Member, Palanque, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Schmidt, Albrecht, Editorial Board Member, Schnädelbach, Holger, Editorial Board Member, Seffah, Ahmed, Editorial Board Member, Vatavu, Radu-Daniel, Editorial Board Member, Vetere, Frank, Editorial Board Member, Zhao, Shengdong, Editorial Board Member, Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, and Tominski, Christian

Published
2023
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28. Involving the Human via Interaction

Author

Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, Tominski, Christian, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Editor-in-Chief, Liao, Q. Vera, Editor-in-Chief, Barbosa, Simone, Editorial Board Member, Bernhaupt, Regina, Editorial Board Member, Blagojevic, Rachel, Editorial Board Member, Bunt, Andrea, Editorial Board Member, Cao, Xiang, Editorial Board Member, Carroll, John M., Editorial Board Member, Cherubini, Mauro, Editorial Board Member, de Choudhury, Munmun, Editorial Board Member, Cockton, Gilbert, Editorial Board Member, Dragicevic, Pierre, Editorial Board Member, Duh, Henry Been-Lirn, Editorial Board Member, Feiner, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Fussell, Susan, Editorial Board Member, González-Calleros, Juan, Editorial Board Member, Jacob, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Jorge, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Kuflik, Tsvika, Editorial Board Member, Kumar, Ranjitha, Editorial Board Member, Lazar, Jonathan, Editorial Board Member, Lim, Youn-kyung, Editorial Board Member, Markopoulos, Panos, Editorial Board Member, Myers, Brad A., Editorial Board Member, Palanque, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Schmidt, Albrecht, Editorial Board Member, Schnädelbach, Holger, Editorial Board Member, Seffah, Ahmed, Editorial Board Member, Vatavu, Radu-Daniel, Editorial Board Member, Vetere, Frank, Editorial Board Member, Zhao, Shengdong, Editorial Board Member, Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, and Tominski, Christian

Published
2023
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29. Crafting Visualizations of Time-Oriented Data

Author

Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, Tominski, Christian, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Editor-in-Chief, Liao, Q. Vera, Editor-in-Chief, Barbosa, Simone, Editorial Board Member, Bernhaupt, Regina, Editorial Board Member, Blagojevic, Rachel, Editorial Board Member, Bunt, Andrea, Editorial Board Member, Cao, Xiang, Editorial Board Member, Carroll, John M., Editorial Board Member, Cherubini, Mauro, Editorial Board Member, de Choudhury, Munmun, Editorial Board Member, Cockton, Gilbert, Editorial Board Member, Dragicevic, Pierre, Editorial Board Member, Duh, Henry Been-Lirn, Editorial Board Member, Feiner, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Fussell, Susan, Editorial Board Member, González-Calleros, Juan, Editorial Board Member, Jacob, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Jorge, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Kuflik, Tsvika, Editorial Board Member, Kumar, Ranjitha, Editorial Board Member, Lazar, Jonathan, Editorial Board Member, Lim, Youn-kyung, Editorial Board Member, Markopoulos, Panos, Editorial Board Member, Myers, Brad A., Editorial Board Member, Palanque, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Schmidt, Albrecht, Editorial Board Member, Schnädelbach, Holger, Editorial Board Member, Seffah, Ahmed, Editorial Board Member, Vatavu, Radu-Daniel, Editorial Board Member, Vetere, Frank, Editorial Board Member, Zhao, Shengdong, Editorial Board Member, Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, and Tominski, Christian

Published
2023
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30. Historical Background

Author

Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, Tominski, Christian, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Editor-in-Chief, Liao, Q. Vera, Editor-in-Chief, Barbosa, Simone, Editorial Board Member, Bernhaupt, Regina, Editorial Board Member, Blagojevic, Rachel, Editorial Board Member, Bunt, Andrea, Editorial Board Member, Cao, Xiang, Editorial Board Member, Carroll, John M., Editorial Board Member, Cherubini, Mauro, Editorial Board Member, de Choudhury, Munmun, Editorial Board Member, Cockton, Gilbert, Editorial Board Member, Dragicevic, Pierre, Editorial Board Member, Duh, Henry Been-Lirn, Editorial Board Member, Feiner, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Fussell, Susan, Editorial Board Member, González-Calleros, Juan, Editorial Board Member, Jacob, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Jorge, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Kuflik, Tsvika, Editorial Board Member, Kumar, Ranjitha, Editorial Board Member, Lazar, Jonathan, Editorial Board Member, Lim, Youn-kyung, Editorial Board Member, Markopoulos, Panos, Editorial Board Member, Myers, Brad A., Editorial Board Member, Palanque, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Schmidt, Albrecht, Editorial Board Member, Schnädelbach, Holger, Editorial Board Member, Seffah, Ahmed, Editorial Board Member, Vatavu, Radu-Daniel, Editorial Board Member, Vetere, Frank, Editorial Board Member, Zhao, Shengdong, Editorial Board Member, Aigner, Wolfgang, Miksch, Silvia, Schumann, Heidrun, and Tominski, Christian

Published
2023
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31. Visual Parameter Selection for Spatial Blind Source Separation

Author

Piccolotto, Nikolaus, Bögl, Markus, Muehlmann, Christoph, Nordhausen, Klaus, Filzmoser, Peter, and Miksch, Silvia

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Analysis of spatial multivariate data, i.e., measurements at irregularly-spaced locations, is a challenging topic in visualization and statistics alike. Such data are integral to many domains, e.g., indicators of valuable minerals are measured for mine prospecting. Popular analysis methods, like PCA, often by design do not account for the spatial nature of the data. Thus they, together with their spatial variants, must be employed very carefully. Clearly, it is preferable to use methods that were specifically designed for such data, like spatial blind source separation (SBSS). However, SBSS requires two tuning parameters, which are themselves complex spatial objects. Setting these parameters involves navigating two large and interdependent parameter spaces, while also taking into account prior knowledge of the physical reality represented by the data. To support analysts in this process, we developed a visual analytics prototype. We evaluated it with experts in visualization, SBSS, and geochemistry. Our evaluations show that our interactive prototype allows to define complex and realistic parameter settings efficiently, which was so far impractical. Settings identified by a non-expert led to remarkable and surprising insights for a domain expert. Therefore, this paper presents important first steps to enable the use of a promising analysis method for spatial multivariate data.

Published
2021
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32. Biodegradable microplastics: Uptake by and effects on the rockpool shrimp Palaemon elegans (Crustacea: Decapoda)

Author

Lukas Miksch, Chiau Yu Chen, Maria E. Granberg, Anna-Sara Krång, Lars Gutow, and Reinhard Saborowski

Subjects
Biodegradable plastics, Microplastics, Ingestion, Oxidative stress, Enzyme activities, Shrimp, Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Ingestion of microplastics can lead to deleterious consequences for organisms, as documented by numerous laboratory studies. The current knowledge is based on a multitude of effect studies, conducted with conventional fossil-based and non-degradable plastics. However, there is a lack of information about the acceptance and the effects of novel bio-based and biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics are considered an alternative to conventional plastics and are showing rapidly growing production rates. Biodegradable plastics can disperse into the environment in the same way as conventional plastics do, becoming available to marine organisms. This study aims to provide new insights into the uptake and effects of biodegradable microplastics on marine invertebrates. Rockpool shrimp, Palaemon elegans, were fed with algal flakes coated with polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV) and conventional low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microparticles. Live observations showed that all of the different types of microplastics were ingested. After dissection of the shrimp, less LDPE particles were found in the stomachs than PLA and PHBV particles. This indicates a longer retention time of biodegradable microplastics compared to conventional microplastics. Presumably, less LDPE particles were ingested or evacuated from the stomach, probably by regurgitation. The ingestion of microparticles of all types of plastics induced enzymatic activity of short-chain carboxylesterases in the midgut glands of the shrimp. However, only PLA induced enzymatic activity of medium-chain carboxylesterases. Palaemon elegans showed no oxidative stress response after ingestion of microparticles, irrespective of polymer type. From our results we conclude that biodegradable plastics might have different effects than conventional plastics. The longer retention times of biodegradable plastics might enhance exposure to leaching additives and other harmful substances. Our study provides new insights into how biodegradable plastics might affect aquatic fauna and indicate that the use of biodegradable plastics needs to be reconsidered to some extent.

Published
2024
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33. Multilingualism is associated with small task-specific advantages in cognitive performance of older adults

Author

Priscilla Achaa-Amankwaa, Ekaterina Kushnereva, Hanna Miksch, Johanna Stumme, Stefan Heim, and Mirjam Ebersbach

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The protective effects of multiple language knowledge on the maintenance of cognitive functions in older adults have been discussed controversially, among others, because of methodological inconsistencies between studies. In a sample of N = 528 German monolinguals and multilinguals (speaking two or more languages) older than 60 years, this study examined (1) whether speaking multiple languages is positively related to performance on tasks of interference suppression, working memory, concept shifting, and phonemic and semantic fluency, and (2) whether language proficiency and age of second language acquisition (AoA) are associated with cognitive performance of multilinguals. Controlling for education and daily activity, we found small cognitive benefits of speaking multiple languages on interference suppression, working memory, and phonemic fluency, but not on concept shifting and semantic fluency. Furthermore, no substantive correlations were found between language proficiency or AoA and cognitive performance. In conclusion, multilingualism appears to have small incremental effects on cognitive performance beyond education and daily activity in older age that are task-specific and widely independent of proficiency and AoA.

Published
2023
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34. Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Europe: Clinical Profile and Response to Treatment

Author

Drewes, A. Mohr, Haas, S.L., Hoyer, B.F., Hampe, J., Hinrichs, C. Noreen, Lerch, M.M., Aghdassi, A.A., Grote, T., Heuser, D.J., Ignatavicius, P., Malecka-Panas, E., Domínguez-Muñoz, J.E., López-Serrano, A., Auriemma, F., Oracz, G., Duman, D., Gubergrits, N., Overbeek, Kasper A., Poulsen, Jakob L., Lanzillotta, Marco, Vinge-Holmquist, Olof, Macinga, Peter, Demirci, A. Fatih, Sindhunata, Daniko P., Backhus, Johanna, Algül, Hana, Buijs, Jorie, Levy, Philippe, Kiriukova, Mariia, Goni, Elisabetta, Hollenbach, Marcus, Miksch, Rainer C., Kunovsky, Lumir, Vujasinovic, Miroslav, Nikolic, Sara, Dickerson, Luke, Hirth, Michael, Neurath, Markus F., Zumblick, Malte, Vila, Josephine, Jalal, Mustafa, Beyer, Georg, Frost, Fabian, Carrara, Silvia, Kala, Zdenek, Jabandziev, Petr, Sisman, Gurhan, Akyuz, Filiz, Capurso, Gabriele, Falconi, Massimo, Arlt, Alexander, Vleggaar, Frank P., Barresi, Luca, Greenhalf, Bill, Czakó, László, Hegyi, Peter, Hopper, Andrew, Nayar, Manu K., Gress, Thomas M., Vitali, Francesco, Schneider, Alexander, Halloran, Chris M., Trna, Jan, Okhlobystin, Alexey V., Dagna, Lorenzo, Cahen, Djuna L., Bordin, Dmitry, Rebours, Vinciane, Mayerle, Julia, Kahraman, Alisan, Rasch, Sebastian, Culver, Emma, Kleger, Alexander, Martínez-Moneo, Emma, Røkke, Ola, Hucl, Tomas, Olesen, Søren S., Bruno, Marco J., Della-Torre, Emanuel, Beuers, Ulrich, Löhr, J.-Matthias, and Rosendahl, Jonas

Published
2024
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36. Comparison of PSMA-TO-1 and PSMA-617 labeled with gallium-68, lutetium-177 and actinium-225

Author

Meyer, Catherine, Prasad, Vikas, Stuparu, Andreea, Kletting, Peter, Glatting, Gerhard, Miksch, Jonathan, Solbach, Christoph, Lueckerath, Katharina, Nyiranshuti, Lea, Zhu, Shaojun, Czernin, Johannes, Beer, Ambros J, Slavik, Roger, Calais, Jeremie, and Dahlbom, Magnus

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Urologic Diseases, Prostate Cancer, Biomedical Imaging, Cancer, PSMA-TO-1, PSMA-617, Prostate cancer, Radioligand therapy, Dosimetry, Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Clinical sciences, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundPSMA-TO-1 ("Tumor-Optimized-1") is a novel PSMA ligand with longer circulation time than PSMA-617. We compared the biodistribution in subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice of PSMA-TO-1, PSMA-617 and PSMA-11 when labeled with 68Ga and 177Lu, and the survival after treatment with 225Ac-PSMA-TO-1/-617 in a murine model of disseminated prostate cancer. We also report dosimetry data of 177Lu-PSMA-TO1/-617 in prostate cancer patients.MethodsFirst, PET images of 68Ga-PSMA-TO-1/-617/-11 were acquired on consecutive days in three mice bearing subcutaneous C4-2 xenografts. Second, 50 subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice received either 30 MBq of 177Lu-PSMA-617 or 177Lu-PSMA-TO-1 and were sacrificed at 1, 4, 24, 48 and 168 h for ex vivo gamma counting and biodistribution. Third, mice bearing disseminated lesions via intracardiac inoculation were treated with either 40 kBq of 225Ac-PSMA-617, 225Ac-PSMA-TO-1, or remained untreated and followed for survival. Additionally, 3 metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients received 500 MBq of 177Lu-PSMA-TO-1 under compassionate use for dosimetry purposes. Planar images with an additional SPECT/CT acquisition were acquired for dosimetry calculations.ResultsTumor uptake measured by PET imaging of 68Ga-labeled agents in mice was highest using PSMA-617, followed by PSMA-TO-1 and PSMA-11. 177Lu-PSMA tumor uptake measured by ex vivo gamma counting at subsequent time points tended to be greater for PSMA-TO-1 up to 1 week following treatment (p > 0.13 at all time points). This was, however, accompanied by increased kidney uptake and a 26-fold higher kidney dose of PSMA-TO-1 compared with PSMA-617 in mice. Mice treated with a single-cycle 225Ac-PSMA-TO-1 survived longer than those treated with 225Ac-PSMA-617 and untreated mice, respectively (17.8, 14.5 and 7.7 weeks, respectively; p

Published
2022

43. Degradation of a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) compound in different environments

Author

Lyshtva, Pavlo, Voronova, Viktoria, Barbir, Jelena, Leal Filho, Walter, Kröger, Silja Denise, Witt, Gesine, Miksch, Lukas, Saborowski, Reinhard, Gutow, Lars, Frank, Carina, Emmerstorfer-Augustin, Anita, Agustin-Salazar, Sarai, Cerruti, Pierfrancesco, Santagata, Gabriella, Stagnaro, Paola, D'Arrigo, Cristina, Vignolo, Maurizio, Krång, Anna-Sara, Strömberg, Emma, Lehtinen, Liisa, and Annunen, Ville

Published
2024
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44. Gastric carboxylesterases of the edible crab Cancer pagurus (Crustacea, Decapoda) can hydrolyze biodegradable plastics

Author

Lukas Miksch, Lars Gutow, and Reinhard Saborowski

Subjects
Biodegradable plastics, Microplastics, Crustaceans, Ingestion, Enzymes, Enzymatic degradation, Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5
Abstract

A promising strategy to counteract the progressing plastic pollution of the environment can involve the replacement of persistent plastics with biodegradable materials. Biodegradable polymers are enzymatically degradable by various hydrolytic enzymes. However, these materials can reach the environment in the same way as conventional plastics. Therefore, they are accessible to terrestrial, freshwater, and marine biota. Once ingested by marine organisms, highly active enzymes in their digestive tracts may break down biodegradable compounds. We incubated microparticles of five different biodegradable plastics, based on polylactictic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV), in-vitro with the gastric fluid of the edible crab Cancer pagurus and evaluated the hydrolysis rates by pH Stat titration. A plastic blend of PLA with PBAT showed the highest hydrolysis rate. The enzymes in the gastric fluid of crabs were separated by anion exchange chromatography. Fractions with carboxylesterase activity were identified using fluorescent methylumbelliferyl (MUF)-derivatives. Pooled fractions with high carboxylesterase activity also hydrolyzed a PLA/PBAT plastic blend. Carboxylesterases showed molecular masses of 40–45 kDa as determined by native gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Our study demonstrated that digestive carboxylesterases in the gastric fluid of C. pagurus exhibit a high potential for hydrolyzing certain biodegradable plastics. Since esterases are common in the digestive tract of organisms, it seems likely that other invertebrates possess the ability to hydrolyze biodegradable plastics.

Published
2024
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45. Degradation of a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) compound in different environments

Author

Pavlo Lyshtva, Viktoria Voronova, Jelena Barbir, Walter Leal Filho, Silja Denise Kröger, Gesine Witt, Lukas Miksch, Reinhard Sabowski, Lars Gutow, Carina Frank, Anita Emmerstorfer-Augustin, Sarai Agustin-Salazar, Pierfrancesco Cerruti, Gabriella Santagata, Paola Stagnaro, Cristina D'Arrigo, Maurizio Vignolo, Anna-Sara Krång, Emma Strömberg, Liisa Lehtinen, and Ville Annunen

Subjects
PHBV, Polymer blends, Degradation, Natural environment, Laboratory scale testing, Morphological properties, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a promising biodegradable bio-based material, which is designed for a vast range of applications, depending on its composite. This study aims to assess the degradability of a PHBV-based compound under different conditions. The research group followed different methodological approaches and assessed visual and mass changes, mechanical and morphological properties, spectroscopic and structural characterisation, along with thermal behaviour. The Ph-Stat (enzymatic degradation) test and total dry solids (TDS)/total volatile solids (TVS) measurements were carried out. Finally, the team experimentally evaluated the amount of methane and carbon dioxide produced, i.e., the degree of biodegradation under aerobic conditions. According to the results, different types of tests have shown differing effects of environmental conditions on material degradation. In conclusion, this paper provides a summary of the investigations regarding the degradation behaviour of the PHBV-based compound under varying environmental factors.The main strengths of the study lie in its multi-faceted approach, combining assessments of PHBV-based compound degradability under different conditions using various analytical tools, such as visual and mass changes, mechanical and morphological properties, spectroscopic and structural characterization, and thermal behavior. These methods collectively contribute to the robustness and reliability of the undertaken work.

Published
2024
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