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Simple Summary: Biological age (B-age), or the degree of aging of an individual, can differ from chronological age. B-age is affected by epigenetics, and we calculate it based on the degree of methylation of multiple specific regions of human DNA. For previous research, we know that patients with ischemic stroke are biologically older than healthy individuals without stroke. On the other hand, white matter hyperintensities (WMH) observed in brain magnetic resonance images are an unspecific sign that has been associated with brain aging and also with the increased risk of stroke or dementia. It is unknown whether epigenetic biological age is associated with this sign of brain aging. In this manuscript, we interrogated the association between B-age and WMH volume and found that patients with high WMH burden are biologically older. Moreover, we found that 42.7% of the effects of chronological age on WMH can be explained by B-age, suggesting a role of epigenetics in WMH pathophysiology. Our study also generates a potential number of questions that might be addressed in further articles, such as whether this relationship depends on WMH location. In this manuscript we studied the relationship between WMH and biological age (B-age) in patients with acute stroke. We included in this study 247 patients with acute stroke recruited at Hospital del Mar having both epigenetic (DNA methylation) and magnetic resonance imaging data. WMH were measured using a semi-automated method. B-age was calculated using two widely used methods: the Hannum and Horvath formulas. We used multiple linear regression models to interrogate the role of B-age on WMH volume after adjusting for chronological age (C-age) and other covariables. Average C-age of the sample was 68.4 (±11.8) and we observed a relatively high median WMH volume (median = 8.8 cm3, Q1–Q3 = 4.05–18.8). After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed a significant effect of B-ageHannum on WMH volume (βHannum = 0.023, p-value = 0.029) independently of C-age, which remained significant (βC-age = 0.021, p-value = 0.036). Finally, we performed a mediation analysis, which allowed us to discover that 42.7% of the effect of C-age on WMH is mediated by B-ageHannum. On the other hand, B-ageHoarvath showed no significant associations with WMH after being adjusted for C-age. In conclusion, we show for the first time that biological age, measured through DNA methylation, contributes substantially to explain WMH volumetric burden irrespective of chronological age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: CO2 transoral laser microsurgery (CO2-TOLMS) has pushed the indications of partial surgery of the larynx regardless the age of the patient.Objective: To evaluate the complications and the oncologic and functional outcomes of CO2-TOLMS in patients older and younger than 70 years.Methods: Retrospective analysis of 1244 consecutive laryngeal carcinomas treated with CO2-TOLMS. Complications, length of hospitalization, functional and survival outcomes were evaluated.Results: The mean age was 64.2 ± 11.1 years (20-96). Four hundred and sixteen patients were older than 70 years and 104 older than 80 years. The main location was the glottis (912), followed by the supraglottis (332). There were no differences in pT classification between the age groups. No differences were observed in voice outcomes. A higher rate of signs of aspiration at the glottic location was observed for those older than 70 years (2.1 % vs 5 %, p = 0.027). The need for definitive gastrostomy in supraglottic tumours was higher in those older than 70 years (0 % vs 6.5 %, p: 0.001). In the glottis, no differences in tracheostomy or gastrostomy rates were observed. Five-year overall survival was lower in the older than 70 years. No differences in disease-specific survival were observed in early stages for both locations, but a lower survival was observed in stage III glottic cancer for the older than 70 years.Conclusions: CO2-TOLMS is a valid treatment for laryngeal carcinomas in the elderly, with a reduced number of complications and good functional and oncologic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental health disorder characterized by significant weight loss and associated medical and psychological comorbidities. Conventional treatments for severe AN have shown limited effectiveness, leading to the exploration of novel interventional strategies, including deep brain stimulation (DBS). However, the neural mechanisms driving DBS interventions, particularly in psychiatric conditions, remain uncertain. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by examining changes in structural connectivity in patients with severe AN before and after DBS., Methods: Sixteen participants, including eight patients with AN and eight controls, underwent baseline T1-weigthed and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) acquisitions. Patients received DBS targeting either the subcallosal cingulate (DBS-SCC, N = 4) or the nucleus accumbens (DBS-NAcc, N = 4) based on psychiatric comorbidities and AN subtype. Post-DBS neuroimaging evaluation was conducted in four patients. Data analyses were performed to compare structural connectivity between patients and controls and to assess connectivity changes after DBS intervention., Results: Baseline findings revealed that structural connectivity is significantly reduced in patients with AN compared to controls, mainly regarding callosal and subcallosal white matter (WM) tracts. Furthermore, pre- vs. post-DBS analyses in AN identified a specific increase after the intervention in two WM tracts: the anterior thalamic radiation and the superior longitudinal fasciculus-parietal bundle., Conclusions: This study supports that structural connectivity is highly compromised in severe AN. Moreover, this investigation preliminarily reveals that after DBS of the SCC and NAcc in severe AN, there are WM modifications. These microstructural plasticity adaptations may signify a mechanistic underpinning of DBS in this psychiatric disorder., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)