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Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent endocrine condition found in cats. Recent research has identified a connection between a higher risk of diabetes in cats and genetic factors. This genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes is associated with genes that control insulin secretion and function, as well as those that impact factors like obesity. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene missense mutation among cats and to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and the occurrence of diabetes in felines. Materials and Methods: Genotype analysis was done for 45 samples. The research results were obtained with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) method. The 1,200-bp PCR product was cut with BstOI restriction enzyme. Results: Upon analyzing the data, it was found that 37.8% (n = 17) of the subjects carried the MC4R gene mutation. Across the entire population of cats studied, the C allele associated with the mutation was most prevalent in the group of cats with DM (frequency of 0.3) and least common among the clinically healthy cats (frequency of 0.2). Conclusion: After analysis of the study results, a statistically significant difference was observed between cats with DM and clinically healthy cats in the comparison of their BCS (p < 0.05). The association of the MC4R gene polymorphism with overweight and the development of diabetes has been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent endocrine condition found in cats. Recent research has identified a connection between a higher risk of diabetes in cats and genetic factors. This genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes is associated with genes that control insulin secretion and function, as well as those that impact factors like obesity. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene missense mutation among cats and to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and the occurrence of diabetes in felines. Materials and Methods: Genotype analysis was done for 45 samples. The research results were obtained with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The 1,200-bp PCR product was cut with BstOI restriction enzyme. Results: Upon analyzing the data, it was found that 37.8% (n = 17) of the subjects carried the MC4R gene mutation. Across the entire population of cats studied, the C allele associated with the mutation was most prevalent in the group of cats with DM (frequency of 0.3) and least common among the clinically healthy cats (frequency of 0.2). Conclusion: After analysis of the study results, a statistically significant difference was observed between cats with DM and clinically healthy cats in the comparison of their BCS (p < 0.05). The association of the MC4R gene polymorphism with overweight and the development of diabetes has been identified. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(3.000): 738-745]

We designed and tested the polymorphic gene MC4R in relation to live weight and weight gain of Slovak native chicken breed Oravka kept at the farm of NAFC-RIAP Nitra, which was selected for future breeding by phenotype. We monitored the weight of chickens at the age of 5, 12 and 20 weeks and calculated the weight gain for each period. The design of detection oligonucleotide primers for MC4R gene detection in DNA samples was based on the sequence available in GenBank, NCBI. Statistical analysis was done using the SAS 9.2 Stat software. We identified the GG genotype in only one hen. The number of GT heterozygotes was significantly higher in both hens (110) and roosters (16) after a long-time directive selection. The TT genotype was found in 9 hens and 5 roosters. The GG genotype was detected with a frequency of 0.71%, the GT genotype with a frequency of 89.36%, and the TT genotype with a frequency of 9.93%. The frequency of allele G was 0.454 ± 0.030; and that of allele T was 0.546 ± 0.030. At the age 12 weeks, homozygous hens were heavier (1111.33 ± 44.96 g) than heterozygous hens (1108.15 ± 13.17 g). Similarly, rooster homozygotes were on average heavier (1581.47 ± 59.11 g) than heterozygotes (1389.69 ± 34.40 g). WG 1 was significantly higher in homozygote animals TT (P < 0.01). The same pattern was also observed at the age of 20 weeks. Homozygous TT animals achieved a higher average weight, i.e., the weight of hens was 1947.25 ± 74.35 g, the weight of roosters was 2719.91 ± 87.75 g; meanwhile, for heterozygous animals, the weight of hens was 1888.78 ± 21.78 g, and the weight of roosters was 2525.99 ± 56.89 g. We concluded that in the selected Oravka "mutant" allele T is preferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of present work was to study the genetic variation of MC4R gene, associated with meat production and body weight in New Zealand White (NZW) and Californian (CA) rabbit breeds. Blood samples were collected from v. saphena of 60 animals (50 does and 10 bucks) from the experimental flocks raised in rabbit farm part of Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Bulgaria. Blood samples were stored in vacuum tubes at -20°C until DNA purification. The genetic variation was determined by means of PCR-RFLP method, using specific set of primers and restriction enzyme BcuI.In both breeds were identified all three possible genotypes (GG, AG and AA) of MC4R gene, and in both studied breeds the frequency of heterozygous genotype AG was higher than the other genotypes – 0.68 for NZW and 0.53 for CA. The mutant genotype AA was with lowest frequency in both breeds – 0.12 for NZW and 0.07 for CA. This is the first study in Bulgaria of MC4R gene. Further tests are pending to establish the influence of each genotype on the growth development of several rabbit generations from both breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) expressed in hypothalamus which is part of the brain that are involved in regulation of appetite, metabolism and bodyweight. This study aimed to identify the MC4R gene diversity in the second cross generation of Belgian Blue, Wagyu, and Brahman crossbred and its relationship with the body weight and size birth. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were used to identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). The result of this study showed that MC4R genes was polymorphic with one SNP at 1133 C>G and included missense mutation. SNP 1133 C>G has two of allels C and G with three genotypes. Test of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium showed that the population of cattle was in equilibrium. The heterozigosity values showed that the population of cattle had a low diversity of genetics. The result of association showed that SNP 1133 C>G in MC4R Genes was not able to indicate the difference between the weight, body length, heart girth and wither's height at birth. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the polymorphism of MC4R genes can only be used to distinguish cattle genotypes but cannot be used as the selection tools for body weight and size birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and AimsWeight management is recommended in overweight or obese breast cancer patients, as they have an increased risk of cancer recurrence and poor prognosis. Furthermore, identifying the relationships between genetic factors and nutrition could help suggest possible individualized nutritional solutions in weight management. The objective of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to investigate the influence of two obesity-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the Mediterranean diet intervention on weight loss and modification of nutrient intake and metabolic parameters in overweight or obese, postmenopausal, breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant hormone therapy.MethodsSeventy-eight breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) group or control group, and seventy-one were finally analyzed. Body composition, nutrient intake, and metabolic parameters were assessed at baseline and after the 8-week intervention. Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs7185735 and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) rs476828 variants were genotyped.ResultsWe found that both variants did not influence weight loss or improvement of metabolic parameters within the Mediterranean diet intervention. Intake of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and trans fat was significantly increased in C carriers compared with the TT genotype of MC4R rs476828 only in the control group (p = 0.002 for SFA; p = 0.016 for trans fat), whereas no significant difference was observed between genotypes in the MeDiet group. There were statistically significant interactions between MC4R rs476828 and dietary intervention for changes in SFA intake (p = 0.009) and trans fat intake (p = 0.049).ConclusionOur data suggest that considering the effects of genotype may be more necessary when the Mediterranean diet is not followed and that this diet may have a protective role against the effects of certain genotypes. Further studies are required to determine the potential mechanism of the observed gene-diet interaction.Clinical Trial Registration[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04045392].

Background and Aims: Weight management is recommended in overweight or obese breast cancer patients, as they have an increased risk of cancer recurrence and poor prognosis. Furthermore, identifying the relationships between genetic factors and nutrition could help suggest possible individualized nutritional solutions in weight management. The objective of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to investigate the influence of two obesity-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the Mediterranean diet intervention on weight loss and modification of nutrient intake and metabolic parameters in overweight or obese, postmenopausal, breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant hormone therapy., Methods: Seventy-eight breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) group or control group, and seventy-one were finally analyzed. Body composition, nutrient intake, and metabolic parameters were assessed at baseline and after the 8-week intervention. Fat mass and obesity-associated ( FTO ) rs7185735 and melanocortin-4 receptor ( MC4R ) rs476828 variants were genotyped., Results: We found that both variants did not influence weight loss or improvement of metabolic parameters within the Mediterranean diet intervention. Intake of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and trans fat was significantly increased in C carriers compared with the TT genotype of MC4R rs476828 only in the control group ( p = 0.002 for SFA; p = 0.016 for trans fat), whereas no significant difference was observed between genotypes in the MeDiet group. There were statistically significant interactions between MC4R rs476828 and dietary intervention for changes in SFA intake ( p = 0.009) and trans fat intake ( p = 0.049)., Conclusion: Our data suggest that considering the effects of genotype may be more necessary when the Mediterranean diet is not followed and that this diet may have a protective role against the effects of certain genotypes. Further studies are required to determine the potential mechanism of the observed gene-diet interaction., Clinical Trial Registration: [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04045392]., Competing Interests: K-WH and J-EC were employed by Theragen Etex Bio Institute Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Cho, Hong, Kwon, Choi, Lee, Kim, Bae, Ahn, Jeong and Lee.)