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The research objectives was to determine the analysis of community empowerment participation for the forest revegetation in Arjuna Mount. This service uses a Participatory Rural Appraisal approach, with the study population covering communities around the forest of Arjuna Mount Pasuruan-East Java Indonesia. Data obtained from respondents with a questionnaire and analyzed using SEM (structural equation modeling), to find out an overview of respondents' responses about community participation in the preservation of the Arjuna Mount Forest. Community participation in the form of human capital, economy, social, local institutions, facilities and infrastructure has significant influence on community empowerment for the preservation of the Arjuna mount forest. Estimated regression weights for each indicator of community empowerment in Leduk, Jatiarjo and Dayurejo villages are human resources 0.99, economy 0.99, social 0.97, local institutions 1.00 and facilities and infrastructure 1.00. This explains that local institutional factors, facilities and infrastructure have a significant influence on community empowerment for the preservation of the Arjuna mount forest.

Pre-ekstraksi alginat dari alga coklat dengan pelarut asam membutuhkan reaktan dan air dalam jumlah banyak, serta menghasilkan mengeluarkan banyak limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan penggunaan pelarut asam dengan melakukan penggunaan pelarut secara berulang dan mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap mutu alginat, reduksi kebutuhan air dan reaktan, serta reduksi limbah pelarut. Penggunaan kembali pelarut asam pada proses pre-ekstraksi dilakukan dengan variasi penggunaan pelarut ke 0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4. Rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga kali ulangan digunakan untuk menentukan pengaruh penggunaan pelarut berulang terhadap mutu alginat. Parameter yang diamati meliputi rendemen, viskositas, berat molekul alginat, kebutuhan air dan HCl, serta limbah pelarut asam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pelarut berulang dapat menghasilkan alginat dengan rerata rendemen 26,7%. Penggunaan pelarut berulang ke 0-2 dapat menghasilkan alginat kualitas sedang dengan viskositas 270,9-360,0 mPa.s dan berat molekul alginat 122,04-175,44 kDa. Pre-ekstraksi makrolaga dengan pelarut berulang ke 0-2 dapat menurunkan kebutuhan air 22,2%, HCl 66,7%, dan limbah pelarut menurun 66,7%. Pre-ekstraksi makroalga dengan pelarut berulang mempunyai potensi efisiensi dan perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut pada skala yang lebih besar. Abstract Pre-extraction of alginate from brown algae with acidic solvents requires a lot of reactants and water that produce a lot of solvent wastes. This study aimed to optimize the use of acidic solvents by using solvents repeatedly and to determine the effect on alginate quality, water consumption and reactant, and acid solvent waste. Repeated use of solvents on pre-extraction stage was carried out with variations of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 times. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications was used to determine the effect of repeated use of solvents on the alginate quality. Parameters observed were yield, viscosity, molecular weight of alginate, water consumption, HCl requirement, and the amount of acid solvents waste. The result showed that the repeated use of solvents in the pre-extraction stage produced alginate with an average yield of 26.7%. Repeated use of solvents of 0 to 2 times produced medium quality of alginate with a viscosity of 270.9-360.0 mPa.s and alginate molecular weight of 122,04-175,44 kDa. Pre-extraction of macroalgae by repeated use of solvents can reduce water consumption 22,2%, HCl 66,7%, and waste solvents 66,7%. Pre-extraction of macroalgae by repeated use of acid solvents was potential for efficiency, and further research is needed for a larger scale extraction process.