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Background: Low birth weight neonates have low energy reserves; thus, postpartum feeding is required to meet their ongoing nutritional requirements. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) provides critical nutrients for the metabolism and development of neonates; however, few studies have investigated the effect of TPN on the early growth patterns of neonates. The present study examined the effects of TPN on preterm neonate anthropometric characteristics using two commonly used TPN calorie introduction techniques. Methods: This randomized clinical trial studied preterm neonates with birth weights of less than 1500 g. Calories were initiated at a rate of 3 g/kg for lipids and 3.5 g/kg for amino acids in the intervention group. In the control group, the amino acid solution was begun at 1 g/kg/day and the lipid solution at 0.5 g/kg/day, and both were increased daily by 1 g/kg to a maximum of 3.5 and 3 g/kg/day for amino acids and lipids, respectively. In this group, all neonates reached full calorie intake at 3 to 5 days of age. The trend of change in the anthropometric parameters was evaluated and compared. Results: Although both groups showed an increase in neonatal weight, length and head circumference, no statistically significant difference was observed between them. Both groups had similar lengths of hospital stay. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, TPN feeding done using two approaches to amino acid and lipid administration had no significant influence on hospital stay, TPN duration, or growth indices in preterm neonates weighing less than 1500 g.

Key Clinical Message In this case report, total knee arthroplasty was performed in a patient with pigmented villonodular synovitis. During surgery, severe black discoloration of the articular cartilage and menisci was observed in the patient. According to literatures, this is the first case report of severe articular cartilage pigmentation in a patient with pigmented villonodular synovitis.

Background and aim: During the last two decades, with the introduction of nanotechnology, a more promising perspective for cancer treatment appeared, and many research was conducted in nanomedicine. Based on the findings of studies, nanoparticles improve bioavailability, overcome biophysical and biochemical barriers, and reduce cytotoxicity. This study aims to evaluate the survival rate and clinical outcome of nanodrug administration for lung cancer treatment.Material and methods: In this study, international databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ISI, Web of Knowledge, and Embase were reviewed to select articles related to the purpose of this study from January 2012 to July 2022. Effect size with 95% confidence interval (CI) with fixed effect modal and inverse-variance done. STATA.V16 software was used for data analysis.Results: In the initial review, the abstracts of 183 studies were reviewed, two authors reviewed the full text of 34 studies, and finally, seven studies were selected. Overall survival rate and Progression-Free survival rate between nab-paclitaxel plus carboplatin compared solvent-based paclitaxel plus cisplatin in lung cancer patients was 88% (HR: 95% CI, 0.51 to 1.25; p=0.00) and 77% (HR: 95% CI, 0.37 to 1.17; p=0.00), respectively.Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present meta-analysis, nab-paclitaxel administration can prolong the progression-free survival rate; improve the objective response rate, and increase the overall survival rate.

Background and Objectives: Placement of skin heat probe for continuous monitoring of infant body temperature is one of the main components of neonatal care. Therefore, managing the body temperature of newborns under radiation warmers requires a lot of attention from nurses to prevent unwanted complications. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate connection point of skin probe for temperature control in premature infants under radiant heating admitted to neonatal intensive care units in Hamadan in 2020. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 140 infants aged 34 to 37 weeks admitted to neonatal intensive care units in Hamadan in 2020 who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study by available methods. The incubator temperature was set at 37 degrees and it was the same for all infants. For each infant, the probe was attached to the forehead, chest between the ribs, right axillar, arms adjacent to the nipple, right armpit, back of the legs, and upper thigh, respectively. The baby's temperature displayed on the digital warmer screen was recorded two minutes later. A researcher-made checklist was used to record the data and the data were analyzed using t-test and Paired t-test. Results: The correlation between left and right axillary was highest, meaning that the best location for the incubator thermometer probe, after the left axillary is the right axillary (r = 0.91, P = 0.001). Conclusions: The most suitable place for connecting skin probe for temperature control after left axillary, is the right axillary.

Introduction: To prevent the adverse effects of fetal malnutrition (FM), its management and early diagnosis by reliable tools are essential. The present study aimed to identify the rate of malnutrition in a referral maternity center in Iran using different systems for evaluating the nutritional status and determining a better index for FM. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on the neonates born in the maternity ward of Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord, Iran in 2020. FM was evaluated based on different parameters, including the CANSCORE index, body mass index (BMI), Ponderal index, and mid-arm circumference/head circumference (MAC/HC) index. After recording the measurements, birth weight and height were plotted on the intrauterine growth chart, and the infants were classified into groups of appropriate for gestational age (AGA), small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). Results: Based on the fetal growth status index, 14.7% of the neonates were in the AGA group, and 95.3% were in the LGA group. Malnourishment was detected in 40.5% of the neonates based on the CANSCORE index, 8.3% based on the MAC/HC index, 6.9% based on the BMI, and 5.2% based on the Ponderal index. In addition, the CANSCORE index had a significant positive correlation with all the growth indices (except the MAC/HC index), and the Ponderal index was also significantly correlated with all the growth indices except height. Conclusion: According to the results, the CANSCORE index could show growth status and FM more accurately compared to other anthropometric parameters that may underestimate FM. Furthermore, BMI is a highly sensitive indicator, and infants malnourished in terms of BMI should be examined based on the CANSCORE index to accurately identify FM.

Background: Invasive mechanical ventilation in infants suffering from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is associated with some complications, such as chronic lung disease, and therefore, the tendency to use non-invasive methods is increasing. The present study aimed to compare the effect of non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and a combination of high-frequency oscillation ventilation (HFOV) and CPAP in the treatment of RDS in infants.Methods: In this clinical trial, 37 infants suffering from RDS admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord were randomly assigned to two groups treated with CPAP alone and CPAP plus HFOV. The baseline information, including gestational age, time of birth, weight, gender, duration of hospitalization, duration of oxygenation and CPAP, the time of transition to oral feeding, and hemodynamic parameters, were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed in Stata software.Results: The mean scores of the length of hospitalization, the time to start and complete oral feeding, as well as the duration of CPAP and oxygenation, were higher in the CPAP group, as compared to those in the HPA+CPAP group; nonetheless, the differences were significant only for the duration of oxygenation (P