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This study is about the Filipino language in the field of journalism. The issue of spelling and guidelines in writing poses a great challenge to the National Language, which is why this study focuses on spelling in Filipino in writing news articles in tabloids. Using the Structuralism and Formalism concepts, 60 news articles from six (6) tabloids were analyzed based on the guidelines set in the Manwal sa Masinop na Pagsulat (MMP) (Manual on Proper Writing) by the Commission on the Filipino Language (Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF)) to determine the spelling and writing techniques used in tabloid news articles. In order to achieve the main objective of this paper, the researcher considered these steps: first, the news articles were analyzed through coding analysis based on the existing guidelines in the MMP; second, organized the coded data according to the MMP rules; lastly, six journalists were interviewed to determine the foundations of their practices in using Filipino language when writing news articles. In the researcher's analysis, it was found that almost all of the corpora used in tabloids conform to the guidelines recommended by the KWF's MMP. Although there are some words that do not fully conform to the guidelines, particularly those related to consonant clusters, substitution of E with I, O with U, and the use of hyphens. In the interviews conducted, it was revealed that the bases of the six journalists in using Filipino in writing news articles in tabloids is based on the readers' knowledge and familiarity in selecting and spelling words. Even tabloid editors still have the final decision on whether or not to accept the selected spellings of words. After getting the result, it is recommended to have a set of guidelines that all writers should follow to promote uniformity and standardization in writing in Filipino. This way, readers, especially students, will have a better understanding of proper spelling and writing in Filipino.

This paper discussed the concept of the Indigenous Peoples based on the cultural concept of ethnolinguistics group in the Philippines that are in the level of endangerment. The objectives of this study are the following: to identify who are the indigenous of the Philippines by highlighting distinct cultures and practices of indigenous peoples such as hunting, family, rituals, and other cultural aspects; to enumerate the specific terms used by indigenous peoples related to their indigenous ways and practices; to analyze how their indigenous system and practices significant to their assertion as indigenous peoples; and to explore the issues and challenges faced by indigenous peoples in the country. The development of the identity and concept of indigenous peoples is anchored on the internal and external experiences of the community. External factors refer to social norms, standards, and policies that affect the assertion of the indigenous peoples in the country, while internal factors refer to the lens or perspective of indigenous peoples based on their organic culture and indigenous narratives. External factors include the Republic Act No. 8371 also known as Indigenous Peoples Right Act of 1997 (IPRA 1997) and other government policies, while community assertions and indigenous cultures are used as an internal basis for understanding the concept of "indigenous." The negotiation of two factors is essential to understand the concept of Indigenous Peoples. In relation community assertion and indigenous cultures, this study presented some terminologies of the unique cultures and indigenous knowledge of the Dumagat- Bulos from Sierra Mountain range of Doña Remedios Tridinad, Bulacan, Philippines. &nbsp

Proper maternal nutrition evidently results in good pregnancy outcomes both for the mother and born infant. However, the process leading to good nutrition during pregnancy remains a challenge most especially during public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which brought limitations on access to a variety of foods as well as nutrition services. Thus, nutrition education through the provision of contextualized information, education and communication (IEC) materials was explored as an alternative delivery strategy. The delivery strategy aims to increase the number of pregnant women in Barangay Palanan, Makati City, Philippines who have adequate nutrition knowledge through IEC materials-based nutrition education that is contextualized during public health emergencies. As an outcome, the delivery strategy intends to increase the number of pregnant women who have normal nutritional status as determined by weight per month of pregnancy. Results in determining the adequacy of nutrition knowledge through pre- and post-testing show that there is a 10% increase in the passing rate from 59% at baseline to 69% at endline. From the number of pregnant women who have taken the post-test, a remarkable 52% have either post-test scores that are maintained or improved. Meanwhile, for pregnant women who have normal nutritional status, an increase of 5% was seen given by 46% at baseline to 51% at endline. Ultimately, IEC materials-based nutrition education may serve as a supplementary approach in the continuous provision of nutrition services to attain good nutrition of pregnant women amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

The study was designed to investigate which domain of parental influence best predicts bullying tendencies among high school students of San Agustin Institute of Technology (SAIT). Using an adapted standardized questionnaire, the researcher surveyed 266 students randomly selected using the random sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using the mean, Pearson's r, and multiple regression. The finding of the investigation reveals that the level of parental influence is high, and the level of bullying tendencies is very low. Furthermore, when analyzed as to the relationship that exists between the two variables, the result shows that in some collective capacities, parental influence is significantly correlated, specifically the parental expectation. Alternatively, when regressed, the individual domain of parental influence that posted significantly predicts bullying tendencies is parental expectation. The finding suggests that parental influence correlates with the risk of committing bullying behavior acts, {"references":["Ang, C. S., Chong, C. P., Cheong, S. W., Lee, C. Y., Tang, Z. H., & Liew, C. Y. (2018). Self-esteem and tendency of bullying among primary school children. Romanian Journal of Psychology, 20(1), 11-17. http://doi: 10.24913/rjap.20.1.03","] Programme for International Student Assessment [PISA], (2018). PISA 2018 Results (Volume III): What school life means for students' lives. Retrieved fromhttps://www.oecdilibrary.org/sites/cd52fb72en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/cd52fb72-en","Sargin, N. (2017). A study on bullying tendencies among preadolescents. Journal of Education and Learning, 6(4), 209-216. Retrieved from https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jel/article/view/69166","Craven, J. S. (2014). Measuring students' attitudes toward bullying (Doctoral Dissertation, Humboldt State University).","Ajani, O. A., & Dosunmu, S. (2018). Significance of parental influence on school growth and population in African contexts. Arts Social Science Journal, 9(4), 1-9. http://doi:10.4172/2151-6200.1000365.","Tajuddin, I., Utami, K. A., & Arafat, Y. (2017). The effect of parenting style on bullying behavior. 8th International Conference of Asia Association of Indigenous and Cultural Psychology, 127, 280-284. Retrieved from http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","Efobi, A., & Nwokolo, C. (2014). Relationship between parenting styles and tendency to bullying behavior among adolescents. Journal of Education and Human Development, 3(1), 507-521. Retrieved from http://jehdnet.com/journals/jehd/Vol_3_No_1_March_2014/27.pdf","Shetgiri, R., Lin, H., Avila, R. M., & Flores, G. (2012). Parental characteristics associated with bullying perpetration in US children aged 10 to 17 years. American Journal of Public Health, 102(12), 2280-2286. http://doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300725"]}

Purpose The incidence of inguinal hernia is higher in elderly because of aging-related diseases like prostatism, bronchitis, collagen laxity. A conservative management is common in elderly to reduce surgery-related risks, however watchful waiting can expose to obstruction and strangulation. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of emergency surgery in a large series of elderly with complicated groin hernia and to identify the independent risk factors for postoperative morbidity and mortality. The predictive performance of prognostic risk scores has been also assessed. Methods This is a prospective observational study carried out between January 2017 and June 2018 in elderly patients who underwent emergency surgery for complicated hernia in 38 Italian hospitals. Pre-operative, surgical and postoperative data were recorded for each patient. ASA score, Charlson’s comorbidity index, P-POSSUM and CR-POSSUM were assessed. Results 259 patients were recruited, mean age was 80 years. A direct repair without mesh was performed in 62 (23.9%) patients. Explorative laparotomy was performed in 56 (21.6%) patients and bowel resection was necessary in 44 (17%). Mortality occurred in seven (2.8%) patients. Fifty-five (21.2%) patients developed complications, 12 of whom had a major one. At univariate and multivariate analyses, Charlson’s comorbidity index ≥ 6, altered mental status, and need for laparotomy were associated with major complications and mortality Conclusion Emergency surgery for complicated hernia is burdened by high morbidity and mortality in elderly patients. Preoperative comorbidity played a pivotal role in predicting complications and mortality and therefore Charlson’s comorbidity index could be adopted to select patients for elective operation

This study determined the effect of computer-aided lesson on the performance of high school sophomore students in selected topics in biology at Baras National High School, Baras Rizal. The selected topic is based on the least scored correct response of the Division Achievement Test that given by the researcher. The identified topics are Cell, Reproduction, Life Energy and Organ. A pre-test was developed pilot tested to 50 third years high school students . The test questions were item analyzed and used as the pre test and post test of the study. The used CAI in Biology used in the study is issued by the Department of Education as one of the instructional supplies of the school. The respondents were selected through purposive sampling. It involved two sections of the second year. Each section consists of forty-five (45) students. The first group was the control group who were taught using the traditional method while the second group were taught using Computer-Aided Instruction. Since the used respondents are heterogeneous in nature, variables such as grades are no longer considered in the study. Other variables such as grades of the students is not included since the study focused on the effect of the Computer aided instructional material focusing on the result of the pretest and post- test. The questionnaire checklist used is adopted in the study of Robles. Pre-test was administered to the two groups which was prior to the use of the traditional method and computer aided instruction. After which posttest was administered. The data gathered were statistically analyzed and interpreted. The result of the study was used to develop the enhanced computer aided instructional activities in Biology. Those who were taught the traditional way have an average raw score of 9.04 with numerical value of 75 and coefficient of variation 36.28 of which is equivalent to poor performance. Those who were taught with computer aided lessons in biology got the average raw score of 8.67 with equivalent score of 75 and a coefficient of variat ion of 28.49 equivalents to poor performance. The students performed best in the topic life energy, followed by organ system then by cell structure and performed least on reproduction. Topic Organ System, the F value obtained is 17.971 with p-value of 0.000 which is less than the apha .05, therefore the null hypothesis is rejected. There is significant difference between the performance of the students exposed to computer aided lessons and those taught using the traditional method.

Berame JS, Lumaban NW, Delima SB, Mercado RL, Bulay ML, Morano AB, Parohinog CDMG. 2022. The attitude and behavior of senior high school students toward environmental conservation. Biodiversitas 23: 5267-5277. The worsening environmental problems have become a serious concern prompting humanity to search for solutions aiming for environmental management through understanding the relationship between human-environmental attitude and behavior with the belief that humans are the prime contributor to both - problem and the solution. By acknowledging this existing situation, this study was designed to assess the senior high school student’s level of understanding of and attitude toward the environment and the effects of both variables on their ecological behavior. A sequential strategy under mixed-method research was used in the study. A survey questionnaire containing both qualitative and quantitative questions was distributed to and answered by the respondents, followed by a focus group discussion that solidified and substantiated the quantitative result. Analysis of the responses demonstrated that students’ environmental attitudes were uncertain and connoted that they have intermediate attitudes and were all observed to be connected to their intermediate ecological behavior. Further, it revealed anthropocentric attitudes were dominant among students. This environmental attitude, together with human dominance over nature, denoted correlation along ecological behavior toward conservation policies, environmental threats and support for population growth policies, while eco-centric attitudes do not correlate to ecological behavior. In conclusion, the limited and ambiguous knowledge of senior high school students on the rule of human and nature need reinforcement for them to develop a good quality viewpoint about nature and willingly advocate environmental protection through their actions.

Patients with MetS or SIRS experience higher rates of mortality and morbidity, across both cardiac and noncardiac surgery. Frailty assessment has acquired increasing importance in recent years as it predisposes elderly patients to a worse outcome. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of MetS, SIRS, and with or without frailty on elderly patients undergoing emergency surgical procedures.We analyzed data of all patients with nonmalignant diseases requiring an emergency surgical procedure from January 2017 to December 2020. The occurrence of MetS was identified using modified definition criteria used by the NCEP-ATP III Expert Panel: obesity, hypertension, diabetes, or if medication for high triglycerides or for low HDL cholesterol was taken. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was evaluated according to the original consensus study (Sepsis-1). The frailty profile was investigated by the 5-modified Frailty Index (5-mFI) and the Emergency Surgery Frailty Index (EmSFI). Postoperative complications have been reported and categorized according to the Clavien-Dindo (C-D) classification system. Morbidity and mortality have been mainly considered as the 30-day standard period definition.Of the 2,318 patients included in this study, 1,010 (43.6%) fulfilled the criteria for MetS (MetsG group). Both 5-Items score and EmsFI showed greater fragility in patients with MetS. All patients with MetS showed more frequently a CACI index greater than 6. The occurrence of SIRS was higher in MetSG. LOS was longer in patients with MetS (MetSG 11.4 ± 12 days vs.Impact of MetS and SIRS on elderly surgical patient outcomes has yet to be fully elucidated. The present study showed a 43.6% incidence of MetS in the elderly population. In conclusion, age per se should be not considered anymore as the main variable to estimate patient outcomes, while MetS and Frailty should have always a pivotal role.

Gastrointestinal emergencies (GE) are frequently encountered in emergency department (ED), and patients can present with wide-ranging symptoms. more than 3 million patients admitted to US hospitals each year for EGS diagnoses, more than the sum of all new cancer diagnoses. In addition to the complexity of the urgent surgical patient (often suffering from multiple co-morbidities), there is the unpredictability and the severity of the event. In the light of this, these patients need a rapid decision-making process that allows a correct diagnosis and an adequate and timely treatment. The primary endpoint of this Italian nationwide study is to analyze the clinicopathological findings, management strategies and short-term outcomes of gastrointestinal emergency procedures performed in patients over 18. Secondary endpoints will be to evaluate to analyze the prognostic role of existing risk-scores to define the most suitable scoring system for gastro-intestinal surgical emergency. The primary outcomes are 30-day overall postoperative morbidity and mortality rates. Secondary outcomes are 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality rates, stratified for each procedure or cause of intervention, length of hospital stay, admission and length of stay in ICU, and place of discharge (home or rehabilitation or care facility). In conclusion, to improve the level of care that should be reserved for these patients, we aim to analyze the clinicopathological findings, management strategies and short-term outcomes of gastrointestinal emergency procedures performed in patients over 18, to analyze the prognostic role of existing risk-scores and to define new tools suitable for EGS. This process could ameliorate outcomes and avoid futile treatments. These results may potentially influence the survival of many high-risk EGS procedure.