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This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social capital and innovative climate in secondary schools. Relational model was used in the research. 700 teachers from upper secondary schools were recruited through stratified sampling method. Data were collected through “Social Capital in Schools Scale” and “Innovative Climate in Schools Scale”. Mean, correlation and regression analyzes were used for data analysis. The results of the relationship between concepts revealed a positive high level of correlation between the social capital and the innovative climate in schools. Positive moderate and high significant relationships were found between the dimensions of social capital and the innovative climate of (except for openness to innovation). Finally, it was concluded that the social capital dimensions were a significant predictor of the innovative climate. Results were discussed within the scope of the development of social capital and innovative climate in schools.

Öz The purpose of this study is to adapt the Professional Learning Activities Scale (PLAS) developed by Geijsel, Sleegers, Stoel, and Krüger (2009) into Turkish through conducting the relevant validity and reliability analyses. This study followed the pathway recommended by Hambleton and Patsula (1999) for the adaptation process. The data we used came from a total of 256 teachers working in 16 pre-schools, primary and secondary schools located in the Karabuk and Istanbul provinces of Turkey. We performed Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to test the construct validity of the Turkish-adapted form of the scale. In addition, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated for the reliability of the scale. The results of the study demonstrated that The Turkish Form of PLA is a reliable and valid instrument to evaluate the extent to which teachers are engaged in professional learning activities. Anahtar Kelimeler Professional learning activities scale,, adaptation, validity-reliability, teacher professional learning

Although research on the outcomes of leadership practices has increased, the research area on the antecedents of leadership has been underexplored. This study investigated the associations between leadership self-efficacy, motivation to lead and leadership practices that influence the leadership behaviours of higher education students. In the study in which the cross-sectional research design, the sample comprised 545 undergraduates from Turkey. The results showed that increasing student leadership self-efficacy beliefs directly affected leadership practices. Also, in research found the motivation to lead to having an important partially mediated role in the relationship between student self-efficacy beliefs and leadership practices. This study contributes to the existing body of international knowledge on school leadership research by concluding that the effect of leadership self-efficacy and students' motivation to lead on student practices. As a result, in study propose that educational activities aimed at enhancing undergraduate students' leadership self-efficacy and motivation to lead include elements that concentrate on developing students' leadership self-efficacy and motivation to lead. Implications for policy, practice and research are discussed.

The manner in which perceived principal distributed leadership affects teachers' professional agency remains ambiguous in Oman. The study aimed to explore the effect of distributed leadership on teacher agency through teacher reflection. In the cross-sectional study, survey data were gathered from 1095 teachers in 58 middle and secondary schools in Muscat, Oman. Structural equation modelling and bootstrapping were used to analyse the data. Data analysis revealed that distributed leadership elicited significant direct and indirect effects on teacher agency, with teacher reflection playing a partial mediating role in this relationship. These results contribute to an existing body of research that confirms the relationship between principal leadership and teacher agency and highlights the importance of reflection in shaping this relationship. Moreover, these results could provide cultural evidence for theoretical implications and offer evidence-based guidance to policymakers and principals to promote teacher agency.

This study investigated the heterogeneous nature of teachers' perceptions of distinct leadership practices and explored the predictors of teacher- and school-level leadership typologies on teacher self-efficacy and commitment by using a multilevel latent profile mediation analysis of a dataset of 890 teachers from K-12 schools in Turkey. The results revealed three distinct leadership profiles ("limiting," "transitioning," and "integrating") at the teacher level and two profiles ("transitioned" and "integrated") at the school level, providing evidence that integrating teachers and integrated school profiles were associated with greater teacher self-efficacy and commitment. Additionally, both levels of integrated leadership profiles were indirectly related to teacher commitment through teacher self-efficacy vis-a-vis other profile groups. The study concluded that different leadership styles are related and that the impact of leadership on teachers is maximized when multiple leadership types are integrated.

Purpose: The present study aims to examine the moderation role of school culture attributes (individualism versus collectivism) in the relationship between paternalistic leadership and teacher commitment, mediated by teacher well-being. Design/methodology/approach: The data included 1,152 teachers across 104 schools in Türkiye using a multilevel moderated mediation SEM model to test relevant hypotheses. Findings: The results showed that teacher well-being fully mediates the relationship between perceived paternalistic principal leadership and teacher commitment. Additionally, the collectivist orientation of school culture influences the strength of the association between paternalistic leadership and teacher commitment indirectly through well-being. More precisely, paternalistic leadership has a stronger link to teacher well-being and commitment when teachers identify the culture of their schools as relatively more collectivist. Originality/value: This study offers empirical evidence of paternalistic school leadership in promoting teacher well-being and commitment depending on the school culture in a non-western country context.

Purpose: Research investigating the impact of school leadership on teachers' emotions and practices has mostly focused on the leadership behaviors of school principals, thus ignoring the potential leadership qualities of other school members, especially teachers. The current study aimed to bridge this gap by providing further insight into the link between teacher leadership and teacher outcomes in Egyptian schools. Specifically, the study examined the mediating role of collective teacher efficacy in the relationship between teacher leadership and teacher commitment. Design/methodology/approach: The study employed structural equation modeling and bootstrapping to analyze survey data collected from 497 teachers in primary and middle schools in Damietta city, Egypt. Findings: The results supported our proposition that teachers' leadership practices have more indirect than direct effects on teacher commitment through collective teacher efficacy. That is, teacher leadership practices positively affect teachers' efficacy beliefs, which, in turn, increase their sense of commitment to school. Originality/value: The study adds a new aspect to the literature by investigating the potential role of teacher leadership in promoting positive teacher attitudes that can have a positive impact on student learning. This is significant given the growing emphasis that educational systems place on enhancing school effectiveness. Specifically, understanding the factors that contribute to teacher commitment can inform strategies for retaining effective teachers and improving the overall quality of the teaching workforce. Additionally, since most of the empirical research on teacher leadership has been produced in Western contexts, it is important to enrich the field with studies conducted in other societies, especially in the Arab region.

This study tested a moderated mediation model of transformational leadership's effects on teacher innovative practices, with teacher commitment as mediator and trust in principal as moderator. Implementing a cross-sectional survey design and using data from 611 teachers working in 56 schools in Turkey, we employed multilevel structural equation modelling with Bayesian estimation to estimate the structural links between our variables. The results provided evidence of the indirect effects of transformational leadership on teacher innovative practices through the significant mediator role of teacher commitment. We also found evidence that trust in principal acted as a significant moderator of the indirect effect of transformational leadership on teacher innovative practice through teacher commitment. This study adds nuanced evidence to the global literature by concluding that the effect of transformational leadership on teacher commitment and innovative practice is contingent upon the extent to which teachers trust their principals. We conclude with key implications for policy and practice.

This paper investigates how professional learning of teachers might be improved by two key factors: distributed leadership and teacher agency. Designed as a cross-sectional survey, this study used data from a total of 283 teachers working in a mix of public primary, secondary, and high schools across nine provinces in the eastern, central, and western regions of Turkey. The results showed a very small direct relationship between distributed leadership and teacher professional learning, while teacher agency played a significant mediation role with a moderate effect size. These results extend prior research by providing evidence that distributed leadership may not have a large direct influence on teacher learning; instead, its influence is rather indirect through improving teachers' sense of agency.

This study investigated the relationship between principal job satisfaction, distributed leadership, teacher-student relationships, and student reading achievement in Turkey. Using school- and teacher-level data from the PISA 2018 and TALIS 2018, we conducted a mediated-effect with antecedent effect model, in which the construct of teacher-student relationships was proposed as the mediator of the effects of distributed leadership on student achievement, while principal job satisfaction was included as the antecedent of distributed leadership. The results confirmed the indirect effect of distributed leadership on student achievement through teacher-student relationships. We also found that principal job satisfaction exercised a positive and significant effect on the enactment of distributed leadership practices. This study adds evidence to the international literature suggesting that principal job satisfaction is an important mechanism for distributed leadership practices and that the execution of such practices improves student achievement by promoting teacher-student relationships. Implications for policy, practice, and research are discussed.

Purpose: This paper explores the relationship between transformational principal leadership and individual teacher innovativeness, considering the mediating role of teacher agency (TA) and the moderating role of teacher trust (TT). Design/methodology/approach: We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) using survey data collected from 676 teachers at 25 schools in Turkey. Findings: The results indicated no direct correlation between transformational leadership (TL) and teacher innovativeness but revealed a significant and positive association between TL and teachers' agency, as well as between teachers' agency and innovativeness, suggesting that TA fully mediates the association between TL and teacher innovativeness. Additionally, teachers' trust positively influenced the link between principal leadership and teachers' innovativeness, with the impact of TL on teachers' innovativeness being stronger when trust levels were higher. Research limitations/implications: This study contributes to the literature, providing an understanding of the mechanisms through which leadership can exert an influence on teacher innovativeness. Practical implications: This study also suggests that the strength of the influence is likely to vary under different circumstances. Trust among teachers appears to play a key role in the effect of school leadership on teachers, particularly when aiming to support and sustain innovativeness. Social implications: Trust-based relationships within a school are essential for school principals to influence innovative practices. We conclude that, in the absence of trust as a key component of school climate, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the role of school leadership in fostering teacher innovativeness seems unattainable. Originality/value: This paper expands existing knowledge regarding the effect of TL in leading teacher innovativeness by indicating the indispensable role of TA and trust.