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The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) requires high-field magnet designs and has therefore adopted the REBCO-based high-temperature superconductor (HTS) as its current carrier. The HTS enables the toroidal field (TF) coils to be remountable, which unlocks STEP's vertical maintenance approach; however, remountable joints, approximately 18 GJ of stored energy and limited space down the centre of a spherical tokamak, make the TF coils the most challenging. STEP has pursued a passive approach to TF coil quench protection in order to limit coil terminal voltage. Initial results suggest that a solution may rely on tuning internal coil resistance coupled with actively powered heaters. The pre-conceptual inter-coil structure demonstrates acceptable stresses and deflections under steady-state operating conditions and preliminary fault scenarios, and loads are distributed to limit the tensile force on the TF centre rod. Finally, the HTS must operate reliably in a high radiation environment and endure high neutron fluences, ensuring commercially relevant magnet lifetimes. Initial experiments indicate that instantaneous gamma irradiation of HTS has no negative impact on current carrying capacity. Experimental programmes are underway to cold irradiate HTS to fusion-relevant fluences and to develop a method of assuring tape irradiation tolerance using oxygen ions as an analogue for neutrons. This article is part of the theme issue 'Delivering Fusion Energy – The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP)'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Synergistic opportunity exists between Magnet-aspiring environments and High Reliability Organization (HRO) cultures to elevate safety, quality, new knowledge, continuous improvement, hierarchical flattening, and frontline empowerment. Local Problem: Variation existed across a region's 15 hospitals regarding Magnet-readiness, leadership engagement, journey strategies, and resource capacity. Methods: Quality improvement (QI) methodology and a hybrid-hub-spoke-model (HHSM) were used to support region-wide Magnet designation, improve patient outcomes, and advance nursing research. Interventions: HRO strategies were used region-wide to strengthen implementation and enculturation of Magnet excellence infrastructure. Results: Nine facilities achieved Magnet recognition. Magnet sites demonstrated significantly lower falls with injury (P = .012), lower health care-associated infections and hospital-acquired pressure injuries than non-Magnet sites. Nursing research studies increased 223%. Conclusions: Utilizing a HHSM and HRO strategies represent effective methods for supporting region-wide Magnet designation and continuous QI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks linked by carbon‐carbon double bonds (C=C COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline, porous, and conjugated polymeric materials with potential applications in organic electronics, photocatalysis, and energy storage. Despite the rapidly growing interest in sp2 carbon‐conjugated COFs, only a small number of closely related condensation reactions have been successfully employed for their synthesis to date. Herein, we report the first example of a C=C COF, CORN‐COF‐1 (CORN=Cornell University), prepared by N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) dimerization. In‐depth characterization reveals that CORN‐COF‐1 possesses a two‐dimensional layered structure and hexagonal guest‐accessible pores decorated with a high density of strongly reducing tetraazafulvalene linkages. Exposure of CORN‐COF‐1 to tetracyanoethylene (TCNE, E1/2=0.13 V and −0.87 V vs. SCE) oxidizes the COF and encapsulates the radical anion TCNE⋅− and the dianion TCNE2− as guest molecules, as confirmed by spectroscopic and magnetic analysis. Notably, the reactive TCNE⋅− radical anion, which generally dimerizes in the solid state, is uniquely stabilized within the pores of CORN‐COF‐1. Overall, our findings broaden the toolbox of reactions available for the synthesis of redox‐active C=C COFs, paving the way for the design of novel materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasingly ambitious space missions rely upon the advancement of propulsion systems, and innovations in electric propulsion represent a vital step toward potential solutions. Electric propulsion research has indicated improved thruster performance at higher magnetic fields, but real-world implementations have been encumbered by available magnet technology. In this study, a new class of superconducting magnet designed for such space applications is demonstrated. A central cathode electrostatic thruster was paired with a conduction cooled high temperature superconducting magnet operated in non-pulsed mode. Using Xe propellant, thrust of 38–73 mN was measured at a central bore magnetic field of 1.13 T and on-anode field of 1.28 T, and the thruster's specific impulse was throttled between 1050s and 1450s. The peak thruster efficiency was 18.7%, inclusive of the power consumption of the magnet subsystems. This was performed without the onset of plasma instabilities, and is the first case in the literature of a high temperature superconducting plasma thruster operating at >1 T. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The partial diversion of intestinal contents facilitates achieving and maintaining weight loss and improving glycemic control in patients with obesity and with or without T2DM. The purpose of this study is to report our experience and 1-year follow-up with novel modification of SADI-S. Methods: This study is a part of a multicentric trial of patients that underwent primary side-to-side duodeno-ileostomy and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) with GT metabolic solutions magnetic anastomosis system. Feasibility, safety, and initial efficacy were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients included was 48 ± 8.75 years and the preoperative BMI was 43.32 ± 2.82 kg/m2. The complications were present in 30% of patients. The anastomosis patency was confirmed by the passage of radiological contrast under fluoroscopy at a mean of 17 days (17–29 days), and the mean expulsion time was 42 days (32–62). The mean diameter of the anastomosis after the magnet expulsion was 13.8 × 11.4 mm. The percentage of total weight lost at 1 year was 38.68 ± 8.48% (p < 0.001). The percentage of excess weight loss 82.5 ± 18.44% (p < 0.001) and improvements in glucose profiles were observed. Mean baseline HbA1c 5.77 ± 0.31% was reduced to 5.31 ± 0.26% (p < 0.024). Conclusions: Latero-lateral duodeno-ileostomy + SG with magnetic duodenal bipartition is afeasible and reasonably safe technique and induces weight loss in patients with obesity and improvement of glycemic control. This modification could be considered as an option to standard SADI-S or as a first step in two stages procedure. However, larger studies are needed. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: #NCT05322122. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of triamcinolone injections in treating external magnet displacement in cochlear implant (CI) patients with adhesions problems of their processor.PatientsWe present seven CI patients with magnet adhesion issues who presented to our tertiary care neurotology clinic. None of the patients had a history of head trauma, postimplant MRI, or surgery in the head and neck other than the cochlear implantation.InterventionTriamcinolone 40 mg/mL injected subcutaneously at the CI magnet site.Main outcome measureReduction of scalp thickness and successful magnet retention.ResultsOur cohort consisted of seven patients (eight implant sites) of which five were overweight or obese. The temporoparietal scalp thickness measured on preoperative CT scans varied between 8.4 and 15.9 mm. Initial conservative measures such as hair shaving at the magnet site, using a headband, and increasing magnet strength failed in all patients. After receiving triamcinolone injections at the CI receiver site, six out of seven patients (seven out of eight CI sites) were able to use their processor again without the need for a headband for an average of 9.55 hours/day. The average number of injections required for each patient was 2.57 (SD = 2.18), median (range) = 1 (1-7). One patient required a flap thinning surgery but showed no improvement even after flap thinning. None of the patients showed skin irritation, breakdown, ulceration, necrosis, or magnet exposure during follow-up period.ConclusionsThe significant improvement in CI retention shows that triamcinolone injections are effective in making the subcutaneous tissue thinner and allowing magnet retention.

AbstractIdaho National Laboratory and the National Reactor Innovation Center (NRIC) constructed the Microreactor Agile Non-nuclear Experimental Test bed (MAGNET) to reduce uncertainty and risk for microreactor developers, users, and regulators. Additional capabilities, dubbed the Helium Component Test Facility (He-CTF) were added after construction was finished to provide a heat exchanger testing capability. The He-CTF construction was funded by the NRIC. MAGNET will generate validation data for dynamic modeling and scaling, thus enabling demonstration and validation of microreactor systems, components, and auxiliary systems. MAGNET was designed primarily for steady-state and normal startup, shutdown, and ramp transients around typical air-Brayton-cycle parameters of 650°C and 22 bar at a differential temperature of 290°C across the reactor. Some accident conditions, such as heat pipe failures, were envisioned. The facility has a capacity of 250 kW and can use nitrogen (N2) or helium (He), with maximum mass flow rates of 938 g/s for N2 and 70 g/s for He. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandibular dentures are considered dubious in terms of retention in resorbed ridges. Implant bearing overdentures can be a solution to the abovesaid issue. Various attachments in use offer variations in retention and maintenance. The aim was to assess long term durability and retention of implant supported overdenture attachments. Two implant bearing overdentures were placed in 20 patients. Magnet and ball attachment were used and dentures were evaluated over a period of three years at different time intervals. Difference of attachments’ performance between intervals was assessed with ANOVA test and Tukey HSD post hoc test and the level of significance was set at p˂0.05. There was a decline in retention throughout research period in both categories; the ball and socket batch showed statistically significant (P˂0.05) better retention force compared to that of magnet group. There was lesser decline in mean retention force of 10.97N±0.82 to 7.24N±0.903 from one month to three years in magnet attachment retained overdentures. Ball attachments offer better retentive forces than magnet category. Magnet bearing overdentures offer more durability in terms of retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) is a new method that provides sutureless passage construction for tubular organs. Due to the high recurrence rate of conventional endoscopic treatment and the high morbidity and mortality of surgical procedures, the MCA technique shows promise. The aim of this review is to comprehensively examine the literature related to the use of MCA in different gastrointestinal diseases over the past few years, categorizing them according to the anastomotic site and describing in detail the various methods of magnet delivery and the clinical outcomes of MCA. MCA is an innovative technique, and its use represents an advancement in the field of minimally invasive interventions. Comparison studies have shown that the anastomosis formed by MCA is comparable to or better than surgical sutures in terms of general appearance and histology. Although most of the current research has involved animal studies or studies with small populations, the safety and feasibility of MCA have been preliminarily demonstrated. Large prospective studies involving populations are still needed to guarantee the security of MCA. For technologies that have been initially used in clinical settings, effective measures should also be implemented to identify, even prevent, complications. Furthermore, specific commercial magnets must be created and optimized in this emerging area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Integrating magnetic materials into dentistry has emerged as a promising advance for addressing diverse dental conditions. Magnetic particles comprising a magnetic core encapsulated within a biocompatible coating offer precise manipulation through external magnetic fields, rendering them invaluable in targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia therapy, and diagnostic assays. Their tunable properties allow optimization for specific applications, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. Additionally, pre-adjust magnets showcase exceptional magnetic field strength and energy density. Their utilization in dental implants and orthodontic treatments facilitates tissue engineering and tooth movement, augmenting clinical outcomes and patient comfort. This review synthesizes current research directions and clinical applications of magnetic materials in dentistry, offering insights into their potential to transform dental healthcare and enhance patient well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the spread of novel-generation cochlear-implant (CI) magnetic systems, access to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for CI recipients is still limited due to safety concerns. The aim of this study is to assess and record the experiences of Hires Ultra 3D (Advanced Bionics) recipients who underwent an MRI examination. A multicentric European survey about this topic was conducted focusing on safety issues, and the results were compared with the current literature. We collected a total of 65 MRI scans performed in 9 otologic referral centers for a total of 47 Hires Ultra 3D recipients, including, for the first time, 2 children and 3 teenagers. Preventive measures were represented by scanning time and sedation for children. Head wrapping was used in eight cases, and six of the eight cases received local anesthesia, even if both measures were not needed. Only three patients complained of pain (3/65 examinations, 4.6%) due to the tight head bandage, and one of the three cases required MRI scan interruption. No other adverse events were reported. We believe that these results should encourage MRI execution in accordance with manufacturer recommendations for Ultra 3D recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study on a push-down electromagnetic levitation system designed for suspending an object, counteracting gravity. The object is embedded with a magnet that allows its support using the electromagnetic levitation system. It involves a coupled electromagnetic field problem with a mechanical problem. Improving the levitation force and increasing the distance between the emitter and reflector are necessary for the correct positioning of the object. This paper proposes the use of a standing wave levitator to suspend and maintain a certain distance for an object using the electromagnetic levitation state.

Abstract Obstructions encountered in biliary, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts are increasing in number due to successful percutaneous and endoscopic organ-saving procedures. Although functional recovery is established to an extent, failure of traversing an obstruction may end up necessitating invasive surgical procedures. Multidisciplinary collaboration may traverse the limitations of each individual approach, therefore creating the perfect intervention for the patient. Magnetic compression anastomosis is a minimally invasive procedure that can provide a great outcome in select cases with biliary, gastrointestinal, or urinary tract obstructions. Critical relevance statement In this article, various applications of magnetic compression anastomosis are reviewed with illustrative cases of esophageal, biliary, colonic, and urinary obstructions that cannot be traversed with a wire. This method will expand the spectrum of interventions performed in the IR unit. Key Points Magnets can enable wire access beyond an impassable obstruction. Magnets can create anatomical and non-anatomical anastomosis at an occlusion. Magnetic compression anastomosis is a minimally invasive procedure that can provide great outcomes. Graphical Abstract

Despite the spread of novel-generation cochlear-implant (CI) magnetic systems, access to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for CI recipients is still limited due to safety concerns. The aim of this study is to assess and record the experiences of Hires Ultra 3D (Advanced Bionics) recipients who underwent an MRI examination. A multicentric European survey about this topic was conducted focusing on safety issues, and the results were compared with the current literature. We collected a total of 65 MRI scans performed in 9 otologic referral centers for a total of 47 Hires Ultra 3D recipients, including, for the first time, 2 children and 3 teenagers. Preventive measures were represented by scanning time and sedation for children. Head wrapping was used in eight cases, and six of the eight cases received local anesthesia, even if both measures were not needed. Only three patients complained of pain (3/65 examinations, 4.6%) due to the tight head bandage, and one of the three cases required MRI scan interruption. No other adverse events were reported. We believe that these results should encourage MRI execution in accordance with manufacturer recommendations for Ultra 3D recipients.

Pada generator magnet permanen, semakin besar flux magnet akan semakin besar back-emf. Namun semakin tinggi flux magnet akan semakin tinggi rugi daya pada inti stator dan inti sehingga akan meningkatkan suhu kerja generator. Pada inti rotor, salah satu cara mengurangi rugi daya adalah dengan mengurangi volume rotor yang dialiri flux magnet. Studi ini membahas pengaruh penambahan lubang pada inti rotor terhadap flux magnet pada celah udara. Metode yang digunakan adalah simulasi magnetic menggunakan software FEMM 4.2. Simulasi diawali dengan kombinasi ketebalan magnet 1-5 mm dengan jarak antar magnet pada rotor 1 mm dan celah udara 3 mm untuk membuktikan relasi antara ketebalan magnet dan flux magnet di celah udara. Ketebalan magnet 5 mm dengan rapat fluks tertinggi kemudian dikombinasikan dengan penambahan lubang identik pada rotor sebanyak 1-8 buah. Flux magnet di celah udara diamati. Hasilnya : (i) semakin besar tebal magnet semakin tinggi flux magnet pada celah udara, (ii) penambahan lubang pada inti rotor tidak menurunkan flux magnet di celah udara, bahkan semakin banyak lubang identik pada inti stator cenderung meningkatkan nilai flux magnet di celah udara.

Abstract Background Budget constraints, staff shortages and high workloads pose challenges for German hospitals. Magnet® and Pathway® are concepts for implementing organization-wide change and redesigning work environments. There is limited research on the key elements that characterize nurse leaders driving the implementation of Magnet®/Pathway® principles outside the U.S. We explored the key attributes of nurse leaders driving organization-wide change through Magnet®/Pathway® principles in German hospitals. Methods Using a qualitative study design, semi-structured interviews (n = 18) were conducted with nurse leaders, managers, and clinicians, in five German hospitals known as having started implementing Magnet® or Pathway® principles. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed in Atlas.ti using content analysis. For the analysis, a category system was created using a deductive-inductive approach. Results Five leadership attributes and eleven sub-attributes were identified as main themes and sub-themes: Visionary leaders who possess and communicate a strong vision and serve as role models to inspire change. Strategic leaders who focus on strategic planning and securing top management support. Supportive leaders who empower, emphasizing employee motivation, individualized support, and team collaboration. Stamina highlights courage, assertiveness, and resilience in the face of challenges. Finally, agility which addresses a leader’s presence, accessibility, and rapid responsiveness, fostering adaptability. Conclusions The study demonstrates leadership attributes explicitly focusing on instigating and driving organization-wide change through Magnet®/Pathway® principles in five German hospitals. The findings suggest a need for comprehensive preparation and ongoing development of nurse leaders aimed at establishing and sustaining a positive hospital work environment.

A dipole magnet generating 20 T and beyond will require high-temperature superconductors such as Bi2Sr2CaCu2O 8 − x and REBa2Cu3O 7 − x (RE = rare earth, rebco). Symmetric tape round (star®) wires based on rebco tapes are emerging as a potential conductor for such a magnet, demonstrating a whole-conductor current density of 580 A mm−2 at 20 T, 4.2 K, and at a bend radius of 15 mm. There are, however, few magnet developments using star® wires. Here we report a subscale canted cos θ dipole magnet as an initial experiment for two purposes: to evaluate the conductor performance in a magnet configuration and to start developing the magnet technology, leveraging the small bend radius afforded by star® wires. The magnet was wound with two star® wires, electrically in parallel and without transposition. We tested the magnet at 77 and 4.2 K. The magnet reached a peak current of 8.9 kA, 78% of the short-sample prediction at 4.2 K, and a whole-conductor current density of 1500 A mm−2. The experiment demonstrated a minimum viable concept for dipole magnet applications using star® wires. The results also allowed us to identify further development needs for star® conductors and associated magnet technology to enable high-field rebco magnets.

Obstructions encountered in biliary, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts are increasing in number due to successful percutaneous and endoscopic organ-saving procedures. Although functional recovery is established to an extent, failure of traversing an obstruction may end up necessitating invasive surgical procedures. Multidisciplinary collaboration may traverse the limitations of each individual approach, therefore creating the perfect intervention for the patient. Magnetic compression anastomosis is a minimally invasive procedure that can provide a great outcome in select cases with biliary, gastrointestinal, or urinary tract obstructions. Critical relevance statement: In this article, various applications of magnetic compression anastomosis are reviewed with illustrative cases of esophageal, biliary, colonic, and urinary obstructions that cannot be traversed with a wire. This method will expand the spectrum of interventions performed in the IR unit. Key Points: Magnets can enable wire access beyond an impassable obstruction. Magnets can create anatomical and non-anatomical anastomosis at an occlusion. Magnetic compression anastomosis is a minimally invasive procedure that can provide great outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe Human Rights Campaign's annual Healthcare Equality Index (HEI) evaluates participating organizations' (n = 906) treatment of LGBTQ+ employees and clients. Higher HEI scores reflect greater equitable treatment of LGBTQ+ persons, a mark of merit for the organization. The American Nurses Credentialing Center recognizes nursing excellence in healthcare organization by designating them Magnet® institutions (n = 612). Blackwell and colleagues showed a significant relationship between organizational HEI scores and recognition as Magnet®. The purpose of this study was to determine if this relationship changed between 2018 and 2022. Chi-square tests analyzed statistical relationships between aggregate HEI score as well as each sub-criterion within the HEI, and the organization's Magnet® status. HEI score and Magnet® status-maintained association (p = <.001). Three of four individual scoring criteria were also related to Magnet® recognition, an improvement from just one of the criteria in 2018. Organizations with greater commitment to LGBTQ+ equality continue to be associated with Magnet® recognition, suggesting a continued commitment to healthcare excellence. Future research should focus analysis efforts across the same organizations between HEI and Magnet® data collection points and assess LGBTQ+-inclusive care and employment practices and organizational nursing excellence with tools external to the HEI and Magnet® recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Budget constraints, staff shortages and high workloads pose challenges for German hospitals. Magnet® and Pathway® are concepts for implementing organization-wide change and redesigning work environments. There is limited research on the key elements that characterize nurse leaders driving the implementation of Magnet®/Pathway® principles outside the U.S. We explored the key attributes of nurse leaders driving organization-wide change through Magnet®/Pathway® principles in German hospitals. Methods: Using a qualitative study design, semi-structured interviews (n = 18) were conducted with nurse leaders, managers, and clinicians, in five German hospitals known as having started implementing Magnet® or Pathway® principles. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed in Atlas.ti using content analysis. For the analysis, a category system was created using a deductive-inductive approach. Results: Five leadership attributes and eleven sub-attributes were identified as main themes and sub-themes: Visionary leaders who possess and communicate a strong vision and serve as role models to inspire change. Strategic leaders who focus on strategic planning and securing top management support. Supportive leaders who empower, emphasizing employee motivation, individualized support, and team collaboration. Stamina highlights courage, assertiveness, and resilience in the face of challenges. Finally, agility which addresses a leader's presence, accessibility, and rapid responsiveness, fostering adaptability. Conclusions: The study demonstrates leadership attributes explicitly focusing on instigating and driving organization-wide change through Magnet®/Pathway® principles in five German hospitals. The findings suggest a need for comprehensive preparation and ongoing development of nurse leaders aimed at establishing and sustaining a positive hospital work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in owner-reported pain, interference of pain on function, and quality of life (QOL) in dogs with clinically suspected osteoarthritis when wearing a collar containing a static magnet. ANIMALS: 16 dogs over 5 years old weighing between 10 and 40 kg with a clinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis and on stable treatment. METHODS: A prospective, blinded crossover study in which dogs wore a collar containing a static magnet or placebo for two 4-week study arms separated by a 2-week washout period. Clients completed the Canine Brief Pain Inventory prior to collar placement and then weekly throughout each arm. Changes in QOL, pain severity, and pain interference scores from the beginning to the end of these arms and changes between the arms were calculated and analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests. RESULTS: 40% of included dogs were on stable doses of NSAIDs. The pain severity scores (PSS), pain interference scores (PIS), and QOL scores were not significantly different at the start of the arms. There was no significant change in PSS or PIS from the start to end of the placebo arms (median changes, 0 and -0.1). Both PSS and PIS reduced significantly during the magnet arms (median changes, -1.0 and -1.2, respectively). The QOL scores did not change significantly in either arm (median changes, 0 and 0). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This preliminary study suggests that magnetic collars reduce owner-reported pain severity and pain interference on function in dogs with clinically suspected osteoarthritis, and further, larger investigations are now warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence is limited to the effects of shared governance (SG) and autonomy on nurse-sensitive indicators (NSIs). Purpose: To explore the effects of SG, autonomy, and Magnet status on nurse and patient outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted using a convenience sample of 404 nurses from 4 hospitals. Descriptive analyses of variance (ANOVAs), and path analysis were conducted to identify hypothesized associations and predictive pathways among study variables. Results: Nurse managers reported higher perceptions of SG, autonomy, and satisfaction than staff nurses. SG and autonomy were significant predictors of patient falls and hospital-acquired pressure injuries. Nurses' autonomy, SG, and Magnet accreditation were significant predictors of nurse satisfaction. Conclusions: Leadership support of SG and autonomous practice are key strategies to improve nurse satisfaction and NSI outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezoelectric energy harvesting from rotational motions currently receives attention as a clean and permanent energy source. However, because of low output power, optimizing and improving the efficiency of this strategy through different methods is of great importance. This study investigates a new high-efficiency piezoelectric energy harvester under rotational indirect magnetic excitation using frequency up-conversion. The studied piezoelectric energy harvester is composed of an exponentially tapered cantilever beam with a piezoelectric layer, excited magnets, a tip mass, an octagonal disk attached to the rotating shaft, and exciting magnets on the disk. The potential energy and nonlinear magnetic force are determined and substituted into an electromechanically coupled governing equation after derivation. Numerical methods are applied to solve the governing equations due to their nonlinear nature and periodic oscillations. The tip mass varies to maintain a constant natural frequency and cancel out the effect of concurrent variations of the natural frequency and tapering parameter. Verification of the theoretical model is performed by the finite element and experiment methods. The effects of some parameters, such as the tapering parameter, total resistance of the circuit, number of magnets, and rotational speed, on the output voltage and power densities are evaluated. Results show a fourfold increase in output power density when comparing exponentially tapered width to constant width. Finally, frequency response curves are plotted and analyzed to examine the effect of shaft rotational speed, subharmonics, and bandwidth. The most important result extracted from the frequency response diagram is the increase in the number of subharmonics and the observation of 2 ω /5 and 2 ω /7 subharmonic components in the frequency response of the harvester with exponentially tapered width. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cluster-assembled materials have attracted particular attention for their complex hierarchical structures and unique properties. However, the majority of cluster-based assemblies developed so far are either non-magnetic or only exhibit magnetic ordering with a relatively low Curie temperature, limiting their applications in spintronics. Thus, two-dimensional (2D) cluster-assembled materials with room-temperature magnetism remain highly desirable. For this purpose, based on first principles calculations, we design a series of thermodynamically stable 2D cluster-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) Fen-(pyz) (n=1–6) by utilizing Fen metal clusters as nodes and nitrogen-containing pyrazine ligands as organic linkers. These 2D cluster-based MOFs exhibit robust ferrimagnetic ordering due to the strong d–p direct exchange interaction between d-electron spin of Fen (n=1–6) clusters and charge transfer-induced p-electron spin of pyrazine ligands. In particular, the ferrimagnetic Curie temperatures are well above room temperature (up to 836 K). Additionally, altering the size of Fen clusters in Fen-(pyz) (n=1–6) MOFs results in diverse functional spintronic properties, including bipolar magnetic semiconductors, half semiconductors and Dirac half metals. Moreover, these 2D assembled MOFs possess sizable magnetic anisotropy energies, up to 9.16 meV per formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It took longer time than initially expected for development of cuprate superconducting materials for practical applications. However, there are about 20 companies that manufacture and supply long conductors and bulk materials at present. Although various large‐scale projects have supported the process of material development, material and equipment developments have been progressing under the leadership of manufacturers in recent years. In this paper, current status of development of high‐temperature superconducting materials, including MgB2, which is classified as a high temperature superconductor, and their applications are summarized, along with the history, basic physical features and recent topics. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandibular dentures are considered dubious in terms of retention in resorbed ridges. Implant bearing overdentures can be a solution to the abovesaid issue. Various attachments in use offer variations in retention and maintenance. The aim was to assess long term durability and retention of implant supported overdenture attachments. Two implant bearing overdentures were placed in 20 patients. Magnet and ball attachment were used and dentures were evaluated over a period of three years at different time intervals. Difference of attachments’ performance between intervals was assessed with ANOVA test and Tukey HSD post hoc test and the level of significance was set at p

Salah satu alat pemanen energi alternatif adalah generator Winbelt. Winbelt adalah alat konversi energi yang mengubah gerakan angin menjadi energi listrik. Dalam generator Winbelt terdapat suatu alat induksi eletromagnetik yang terdiri dari magnet dan kumparan. Karena gerakan angin yang mengenai belt, sehingga menggerakan magnet secara bolak balik terhadap kumparan, maka terjadilah induksi elektromangnetis yang dapat menghasilkan listrik. Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh lebar Pita Winbelt terhadap energi listrik yang dihasilkan dengan variasi kecepatan angin yang diberikan. Metodologi penelitian melibatkan pembuatan beberapa prototipe Windbelt dengan panjang pita yang sama namun berbeda dalam hal tingkat kelebaran. Selanjutnya, prototipe tersebut ditempatkan dalam lingkungan yang dapat mensimulasikan angin atau aliran udara yang cukup untuk menghasilkan getaran pada pita. Tegangan listrik yang dihasilkan oleh setiap prototipe diamati dan diukur menggunakan perangkat pengukur yang sesuai. Setelah dilakukan pengukuran, didapatkan nilai tengangan listrik tertinggi dihasilkan pada variasi lebar Pita 18 mm dan dengan kecepatan angin 3.0 m/s sebesar 2,62 volt.

The machining of extremely hard material in conventional machining requires high energy. Therefore stress-free, burr-free, and high-accuracy machining technique like Electro Chemical Micro Machining (ECMM) with extra features is recommended. To improve efficiency, various electrolytes such as Magnet Associated Electrolytes (MGAE), Metal Particle Mixed Electrolytes (MPME), and Carbon Pellets Mixed Electrolytes (CPME) are employed. The micro-holes were drilled over the work material MONEL 400 alloy. The parameters for the studies are electrolyte type, concentration (g/l), machining voltage (V), and duty cycle (%). The responses of ECMM are estimated through material removal rate (MRR) in μm/sec and overcut in μm. The results are optimized using Multi-objective optimization based on ratio analysis (MOORA) and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). Both techniques produce the same optimal parameter, 18th experiment CPME, 50% duty cycle, 11 V machining voltage, and 28 g/l electrolyte concentration. It is the best optimal parameter solution for machining. According to the ANOVA table of both, the type of electrolyte plays a 62.6% and 60.37% contribution, respectively, to machining performance. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image analysis perused on the micro holes to extend the effect of different electrolytes on machining surfaces.

This article discusses the fabrication of a 25.2 T NMR magnet for an extreme condition user facility in China. The magnet is made using a combination of low-temperature superconducting (LTS) and high-temperature superconducting (HTS) materials. The use of HTS materials allows for higher field strengths and better signal-to-noise ratios in NMR experiments. The article also describes the challenges in winding solenoid coils with HTS materials and proposes a novel random ordering method to minimize inconsistencies. The fabricated magnet demonstrates excellent field stability and homogeneity, making it a useful tool for material science research and potentially expanding its application in medical imaging. [Extracted from the article]

AbstractThe authors carried out 1.5 T MRI examination without removing the CI magnet in two children with a cochlear implant (CI). In the first child, a conventional MRI scanning technique was used, which produced an image that was not clinically useful due to artifact size. He/she was scanned again using the ‘propeller technique’. This scan had a reduced artifact and was clinically useful. The second child was scanned using the propeller technique while asleep. The image was clinically useful. The authors conclude that the propeller technique is safe and of benefit to clinical diagnosis because it enables clinically useful images to be generated in a 1.5 T MRI without necessitating CI magnet removal and reimplantation surgeries.

There are two types of speech processors used in CI devices: behind-the-ear (BTE) and off-the-ear (OTE). This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients and revision cases in relation to the type of speech processors. A retrospective review of 452 ears that underwent CI was performed. Children with severe inner ear anomalies (91.7%) more frequently preferred BTE speech processors than those without severe inner ear anomalies (p =.000). The magnet strength used in OTE speech processor users was significantly higher than in BTE speech processor users (p =.002). In cochlear implantees who underwent surgery before 12 months of age, the magnet strength in the revision group was greater than in the non-revision group (p =.025). Overall, our findings suggest factors to consider when choosing the type of speech processor and modifying the magnet strength of the implant device. The choice between BTE and OTE speech processors led to different required magnet strengths, contributing to the occurrence of skin flap inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In electrochemical machining, acids are extensively used as electrolytes to machine components. The use of acids to machine SS304 pollutes the environment and has a lot of safety issues. Hence, the use of environmentally friendly electrolytes is in high demand. NaCl is an eco-friendly electrolyte and is abundantly available at a lower price. The aim of this research is to propose a method to effectively use NaCl electrolyte to machine SS304. In this research, a novel method of machining using a dual fluid system has been adopted to machine SS304. A dual fluid system uses two fluids during the machining process. The anodic dissolution of the workpiece is done by the primary fluid system that uses NaCl, while the secondary system is used to supply fluids that prevent the removal of material from unwanted regions in the machining zone and also aid in the removal of by-products formed in the machining zone. The purpose of the secondary fluid system is to act as a resistance towards the removal of material from unwanted regions. In all the experimental conditions, NaCl was used as fluid in the primary fluid system. In the secondary fluid system, aqueous solution of NaCl, NaNO3, NaHCO3, C12H22O11, and distilled water was used. Moreover, the influence of magnet is also studied. It was observed that when machining was done under the influence of a magnet, a reduction of stray current intensity was observed when using NaCl in secondary fluid system, thereby contributing to less severe attach in the workpiece. The output responses were evaluated based on taper angle, radial overcut, MRR, surface roughness, and radial-stray current affected zone. The combination of the primary and secondary fluid systems in dual fluid system-assisted ECM (DF-ECM) is an advanced electrochemical machining (ECM) process, which offers several advantages, including better control over the machining process, improved surface finish, and reduced chances of pit formation at the entry side of the hole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Damage to the central nervous system causes severe consequences for patients and increases medical costs. In spinal cord injuries, due to sensitive nerves, there is a need for a high-precision and non-invasive method to transfer macromolecules to the damaged area of the spinal cord for nerve repair. The main objective of this study is a high-impact strategy for optimal delivery of macromolecules to spinal cord injuries using ultrasound and magnetic fields. Several permanent magnets and transducers of ultrasound waves with different arrangements, sizes, and angles are used. Their effect on the efficiency of delivering macromolecules to the target area is analyzed. The results determined that utilizing three or four magnets along with the transducer of ultrasound waves could have a precise performance in the delivery of macromolecules. Advances in combining ultrasound and magnetic fields in delivering macromolecules to the target area are associated with increased efficiency and accuracy. The interaction between ultrasound and magnetic forces balances the rotation of macromolecules and their useful movement toward the destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate management of children and young people presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with magnet ingestion before and after new guidance. Methods: In May 2021, a National Patient Safety Agency and Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) Best Practice Guideline about management of ingested magnets was published. This was implemented in our department. Children and young people presenting after magnet ingestion were identified from SNOMED (coded routinely collected data) and X‐ray requests between January 2016 and March 2022. Management was compared to national guidance. Results: There were 138 patient episodes of magnet ingestion, with a rising incidence over the 5‐year period. Following introduction of the guideline, there was a higher incidence of admission (36% vs. 20%) and operative intervention (15.7% vs. 8%). Use of follow‐up X‐ray increased from 56% to 90%. There was substantial variation in the management prior to guidance which reduced after introduction of the RCEM guidance. Conclusion: Management of magnet ingestion has become more standardised since introduction of the National RCEM Best Practice Guideline, but there is still room for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bistable energy harvester incorporated in a friction system is modelled and numerically investigated, aiming to realize an improved power extraction from stick–slip vibration. Kinetic energy is converted into electricity through piezoelectric patches, and bistability is achieved via two magnets. The theoretical results indicate that large-amplitude periodic motion of the nonlinear energy harvester can be triggered by the stick–slip limit cycle excitations. However, under the influence of the loading force and the belt velocity, the vibration pattern of the energy harvester can be very complicated, which exhibits abundant bifurcation behaviour. Quasi-periodic and chaotic oscillations can happen when the loading force gets large. Small-amplitude intrawell oscillation happens at low sliding velocities, while large-amplitude periodic oscillation occurs when the belt velocity increases to a level at which the stick–slip excitation is strong enough to provide sufficient energy to make the tip magnet escape the potential barrier. In addition, coexistence solutions of periodic and chaotic oscillations can be observed at some sliding velocities due to the nonlinear effects of the energy harvester and the negative gradient of friction versus the relative velocity. To fully understand the vibration behaviour of the energy harvester, a solution map is plotted in terms of loading force and belt velocity according to numerical simulation results. In the end, an experimental work is performed to prove the theoretical investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interplanetary transport of payloads of unprecedented mass, as envisaged beyond the lunar gateway, will require thrusters with high specific impulse as well as high thrust. To achieve this, innovations in propulsion are critical. Many classes of electric thruster utilise a magnetic applied field module to accelerate charged particles. Magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters exhibit improved performance with increasing field, at least up to the limit of around 0.5 T able to be provided by permanent magnets or copper electromagnets. However, superconducting magnets can generate much stronger magnetic fields. In this study, we utilised a space-relevant cryocooled high temperature superconducting magnet as the applied field module for a central cathode electrostatic thruster (CC-EST). A convex anode enabled ignition at high magnetic fields, and in this configuration the thruster's performance was characterised in the power range of 1 kW to 2.5 kW and at steady applied fields ranging from 0.6 T to 0.8 T, representing a significant advance in achievable field strength. In combination, these operating parameters enabled the achievement of a magnet-inclusive thruster efficiency of 19%, while the cryocooled magnet was demonstrated to be thermally stable in the presence of the kW-scale plasma, demonstrating the viability of such a design for space flight applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report on our group’s efforts to improve the coercivity of Sm2Fe17N3 powder, especially on reducing the particle size to submicron scale, smoothing the particle surface, and suppression of the formation of coarse particles by developing a new reduction-diffusion process. During the course of a series of these works, it was revealed that the washing step, which is performed to remove excess Ca, supplied hydrogen into the Sm2Fe17N3 crystal structure, and induced unfavorable elongation of the crystal structure along the c-axis. To avoid this problem, the powders were subjected to dehydrogenation treatment, demonstrating reasonably high coercivity values that we expect from the known relationship between particle size and coercivity. It was also found that the conventional dissolution and the removal of impurities by acetic acid were roughening the particle surfaces. Thus, development of an alternative process to acetic acid cleaning prevented the surface roughening and showed the further improvement of the coercivity. Finally, the development of a new uniform reduction-diffusion reaction using a rotary furnace brought about a breakthrough for further improvement of coercivity by suppressing the formation of coarse particles. As a result, we succeeded in synthesizing Sm2Fe17N3 anisotropic powder with an ultra-high coercivity (i.e. the current world record) of 31.7 kOe, and also showed that the powder can maintain a coercivity higher than 10 kOe at 200°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors carried out 1.5 T MRI examination without removing the CI magnet in two children with a cochlear implant (CI). In the first child, a conventional MRI scanning technique was used, which produced an image that was not clinically useful due to artifact size. He/she was scanned again using the 'propeller technique'. This scan had a reduced artifact and was clinically useful. The second child was scanned using the propeller technique while asleep. The image was clinically useful. The authors conclude that the propeller technique is safe and of benefit to clinical diagnosis because it enables clinically useful images to be generated in a 1.5 T MRI without necessitating CI magnet removal and reimplantation surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of magnet compression to endoscopically create an esophageal anastomosis is an intriguing approach to esophageal atresia repair, but published cases with an existing available device have demonstrated mixed success. One major shortcoming has been the formation of subsequent severe, recalcitrant strictures after primary repair. To address the limitations of the existing device, we recently introduced and reported success with specially designed bi-radial magnets that exhibit a novel geometry and unique tissue compression profile. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes using our novel device (novel group, NG) with those of previous reports which utilized the historical device (historic group, HG) in a PRISMA-compliant systematic review. Seven studies were eligible for further analysis. Additionally, one of our previously unreported cases was included in the analysis. Esophageal pouch approximation prior to primary repair was performed more frequently in the NG than in the HG (100% NG vs. 21% HG; p = 0.003). There was no difference in the overall postoperative appearance of postoperative stricture (95% HG vs. 100% NG; p = 0.64). The number of postoperative dilatations trended lower in the NG (mean 4.25 NG vs. 9.5 HG; p = 0.051). In summary, magnetic compression anastomosis adds a new promising treatment option for patients with complex esophageal atresia. Prior approximation of pouches and a novel magnet design have the potential to lower the rate of stricture formation.

Integrating magnetic materials into dentistry has emerged as a promising advance for addressing diverse dental conditions. Magnetic particles comprising a magnetic core encapsulated within a biocompatible coating offer precise manipulation through external magnetic fields, rendering them invaluable in targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia therapy, and diagnostic assays. Their tunable properties allow optimization for specific applications, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. Additionally, pre-adjust magnets showcase exceptional magnetic field strength and energy density. Their utilization in dental implants and orthodontic treatments facilitates tissue engineering and tooth movement, augmenting clinical outcomes and patient comfort. This review synthesizes current research directions and clinical applications of magnetic materials in dentistry, offering insights into their potential to transform dental healthcare and enhance patient well-being.