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In the present study, a Caputo–Fabrizio (C–F) time-fractional derivative is introduced to the governing equations to present the flow of blood and the transport of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) through an inclined porous artery with mild stenosis. The rheology of blood is defined by the non-Newtonian visco-elastic Jeffrey fluid. The transport of MNPs is used as a drug delivery application for cardiovascular disorder therapy. The momentum and transport equations are solved analytically by using the Laplace transform and the finite Hankel transform along with their inverses, and the solutions are presented in the form of Laplace convolutions. To display the solutions graphically, the Laplace convolutions are solved using the numerical integration technique. The study presents the impacts of different governing parameters on blood and MNP velocities, volumetric flow rate, flow resistance, and skin friction. The study demonstrates that blood and MNP velocities boost with an increase in the fractional order parameter, Darcy number, and Jeffrey fluid parameter. The volumetric flow rate decreases and flow resistance increases with enhancement in stenosis height. The non-symmetric shape of stenosis and the rheology of blood decrease skin friction, whereas enhancement in MNP concentration increases skin friction. A comparison of the present result with the previous work shows excellent agreement. The present study will be beneficial for the field of medical science to further study atherosclerosis therapy and other similar disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prof. Dr. Jeanette Erdmann, a renowned cardiovascular geneticist, has passed away at the age of 57. She had a successful career as a professor at the University of Lübeck and the German Center for Cardiovascular Research, where she made significant contributions to the field. Her research focused on identifying genetic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and conducting population studies. In addition to her scientific achievements, Jeanette was a dedicated mentor, supervising numerous Ph.D. and MD students and advocating for women's empowerment in science. This text consists of personal reflections and tributes from individuals who had a close relationship with Jeanette. They express their admiration for her contributions to science and her impact on their personal and professional lives. The authors highlight her dedication, support, and mentorship, as well as her commitment to diversity and societal responsibility in scientific research. The text also briefly mentions Jeanette's personal life, including her pet cat and her use of a new wheelchair. Overall, this text serves as a tribute to Jeanette's legacy and the lasting impact she had on those who knew her. [Extracted from the article]

Medical science has often used adult males as the standard to establish pathological conditions, their transitions, diagnostic methods, and treatment methods. However, it has recently become clear that sex differences exist in how risk factors contribute to the same disease, and these differences also exist in the efficacy of the same drug. Furthermore, the elderly and children have lower metabolic functions than adult males, and the results of clinical trials on adult males cannot be directly applied to these patients. Spontaneous reporting systems have become an important source of information for safety assessment, thereby reflecting drugs' actual use in specific populations and clinical settings. However, spontaneous reporting systems only register drug-related adverse events (AEs); thus, they cannot accurately capture the total number of patients using these drugs. Therefore, although various algorithms have been developed to exploit disproportionality and search for AE signals, there is no systematic literature on how to detect AE signals specific to the elderly and children or sex-specific signals. This review describes signal detection using data mining, considering traditional methods and the latest knowledge, and their limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper aims to provide an introductory resource for beginner peer reviewers in psychiatry and the broader biomedical science field. It will provide a concise overview of the peer review process, alongside some reviewing tips and tricks. Conclusion: The peer review process is a fundamental aspect of biomedical science publishing. The model of peer review offered varies between journals and usually relies on a pool of volunteers with differing levels of expertise and scope. The aim of peer review is to collaboratively leverage reviewers' collective knowledge with the objective of increasing the quality and merit of published works. The limitations, methodology and need for transparency in the peer review process are often poorly understood. Although imperfect, the peer review process provides some degree of scientific rigour by emphasising the need for an ethical, comprehensive and systematic approach to reviewing articles. Contributions from junior reviewers can add significant value to manuscripts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the clinical aspects of cirrhosis and its impact on cardiac structure and function. The methodology involved the examination of patients admitted to the Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa, diagnosed with hepatic cirrhosis. Data were collected from November 2017 to October 2019. The inclusion criteria comprised patients above 18 years with confirmed hepatic cirrhosis by abdominal ultrasound. Exclusion criteria included patients below 18 years. Ultrasound and echocardiography were used for diagnosis and assessment. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beyond their crucial role in energy production, mitochondria harbor a distinct genome subject to epigenetic regulation akin to that of nuclear DNA. This paper delves into the nascent but rapidly evolving fields of mitoepigenetics and mitoepigenomics, exploring the sophisticated regulatory mechanisms governing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These mechanisms encompass mtDNA methylation, the influence of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and post-translational modifications of mitochondrial proteins. Together, these epigenetic modifications meticulously coordinate mitochondrial gene transcription, replication, and metabolism, thereby calibrating mitochondrial function in response to the dynamic interplay of intracellular needs and environmental stimuli. Notably, the dysregulation of mitoepigenetic pathways is increasingly implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction and a spectrum of human pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular conditions. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current state of knowledge, emphasizing recent breakthroughs and innovations in the field. It discusses the potential of high-resolution mitochondrial epigenome mapping, the diagnostic and prognostic utility of blood or tissue mtDNA epigenetic markers, and the promising horizon of mitochondrial epigenetic drugs. Furthermore, it explores the transformative potential of mitoepigenetics and mitoepigenomics in precision medicine. Exploiting a theragnostic approach to maintaining mitochondrial allostasis, this paper underscores the pivotal role of mitochondrial epigenetics in charting new frontiers in medical science. [Display omitted] • Elucidating the Complex Regulatory Mechanisms of mtDNA Through Mitoepigenetic Insights. • Showcasing Cutting-Edge Methodological Advancements in Mitoepigenetic Research. • Unveiling the Theragnostic Potential of Mitoepigenetics Across Various Diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black and Latinx adolescents in urban schools can derive numerous benefits from tailored career and health education. However, many factors may prevent schools and teachers from offering such programing. To address the need for career and health education, we prototyped Caduceus Quest, a theory-based, digital role-playing game designed to provide information on health and biomedical science careers and sexual health (specifically HIV) for Black and Latinx adolescents. Forty high-school-aged adolescents participated in small group sessions to playtest the prototype. Post-intervention, adolescents reported increased interest in health and biomedical science careers, as well as HIV knowledge and PrEP awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan, a versatile biopolymer derived from chitin, has garnered significant attention in various biomedical applications due to its unique properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesiveness. This review provides an overview of the diverse applications of chitosan and its derivatives in the antibacterial, anticancer, wound healing, and tissue engineering fields. In antibacterial applications, chitosan exhibits potent antimicrobial properties by disrupting microbial membranes and DNA, making it a promising natural preservative and agent against bacterial infections. Its role in cancer therapy involves the development of chitosan-based nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimising side effects. Chitosan also plays a crucial role in wound healing by promoting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and regulating inflammatory responses. Additionally, chitosan serves as a multifunctional scaffold in tissue engineering, facilitating the regeneration of diverse tissues such as cartilage, bone, and neural tissue by promoting cell adhesion and proliferation. The extensive range of applications for chitosan in pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences is not only highlighted by the comprehensive scope of this review, but it also establishes it as a fundamental component for forthcoming research in biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy represents a cutting-edge advancement in the landscape of cancer treatment. This innovative therapy has shown exceptional promise in targeting and eradicating malignant tumors, specifically leukemias and lymphomas. However, despite its groundbreaking successes, (CAR)-T cell therapy is not without its challenges. These challenges, particularly pronounced in the treatment of solid tumors, include but are not limited to, the selection of appropriate tumor antigens, managing therapy-related toxicity, overcoming T-cell exhaustion, and addressing the substantial financial costs associated with treatment. Nanomedicine, an interdisciplinary field that merges nanotechnology with medical science, offers novel strategies that could potentially address these limitations. Its application in cancer treatment has already led to significant advancements, including improved specificity in drug targeting, advancements in cancer diagnostics, enhanced imaging techniques, and strategies for long-term cancer prevention. The integration of nanomedicine with (CAR)-T cell therapy could revolutionize the treatment landscape by enhancing the delivery of genes in (CAR)-T cell engineering, reducing systemic toxicity, and alleviating the immunosuppressive effects within the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to explore how far (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy has come alone, and how nanomedicine could strengthen it into the future. Additionally, the review will examine strategies to limit the off-target effects and systemic toxicity associated with (CAR)-T cell therapy, potentially enhancing patient tolerance and treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to examine children's and adults' performance and strategies in volume estimations. Three tasks were designed and presented to 40 adults and 40 6th grade children who were asked to estimate: (a) the number of unit measures (bricks/rice spoons) that may be put in a container, (b) the quantity of bricks/rice, between two different quantities of bricks/rice, that could fit in a container, and (c) the container, between two containers, that may hold a quantity given. Participants were – randomly and in equal numbers from each age group – assigned to four groups differing in their opportunity for trial condition and the presence of the half reference point in the containers. Although the majority of participants showed quite low performance rates in estimating volume, their estimations were more successful when the trial condition was available to them as well as when the trials referred to small containers and discrete quantities. The mental counting strategy was mainly used by both age groups. Adults, however, often used the algorithm and processed precise volume measurement. These results are further discussed in relation to educational implications as well as to the perspective of early supporting children's abilities for estimations at the primary school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies affirm the importance of students' attitudes for mathematical education. This study uses mathematical autobiographical essays to examine the mathematical experiences and attitudes of undergraduate students enrolled in mathematics classes at a Midwestern University in the United States. The essays of 41 students (20 men, 21 women) out of 170 enrolled in College Algebra, Precalculus, and Calculus were analyzed using the categories of (1) confidence in mathematics ability, (2) value of mathematics, and (3) liking of mathematics. This paper provides context and theoretical depth to student reports of their attitudes in these categories. Statements at the intersections of both confidence and liking, and value and liking provide additional insights. First, students who perceive mathematics as valuable are more likely to like it. Second, the vast majority of students talk about confidence and liking together, and with a positive correlation. Further, these students tend to talk about liking or not liking mathematics because of their perceived ability in mathematics. Our study suggests the importance of proactive teaching strategies to improve students' perceptions of the value, liking of, and their confidence in, mathematics, and also suggests self-efficacy as a potential theoretical basis for this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of green analytical chemistry (GAC) has been established and recognized by the analytical chemist community. The 12 principles of GAC are acknowledged as common guidance for the optimization of the development of analytical chemistry methodologies toward environmental friendliness. Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most essential instrumentation tools in modern analytical chemistry. It plays a fundamental role in a wide range of research areas as well as in daily life, from the bleeding edge of biomedical science to the authentication of our everyday food. The widespread use of MS makes it a necessary part of the development of GAC. In this review article, GAC and the SIGNIFICANCE principles will be briefly introduced and their relevance to MS will be debated. Mass spectrometry intrinsically complies with GAC, while there is also much room for further green improvement. Aspects, where contradictions lie between MS and GAC, will be focused on, namely sample preparation, energy consumption, throughput, and usage of solvent. Employment or optimization of MS regarding these aspects will be discussed. Ambient MS, as the MS technique most in line with GAC currently, will be highlighted. This review aims to bring more awareness of GAC to the communities of MS and calls for the application of green MS over a wider area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a case of refractory peripheral neuropathy linked to eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) treated successfully with mepolizumab. Topics include the patient's symptoms and medical history, the pathology and diagnostic process, and the positive clinical outcome following the combined therapy of systemic corticosteroids, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin, and mepolizumab.

Machine learning (ML) methods are proliferating in scientific research. However, the adoption of these methods has been accompanied by failures of validity, reproducibility, and generalizability. These failures can hinder scientific progress, lead to false consensus around invalid claims, and undermine the credibility of ML-based science. ML methods are often applied and fail in similar ways across disciplines. Motivated by this observation, our goal is to provide clear recommendations for conducting and reporting ML-based science. Drawing from an extensive review of past literature, we present the REFORMS checklist (recommendations for machine-learning-based science). It consists of 32 questions and a paired set of guidelines. REFORMS was developed on the basis of a consensus of 19 researchers across computer science, data science, mathematics, social sciences, and biomedical sciences. REFORMS can serve as a resource for researchers when designing and implementing a study, for referees when reviewing papers, and for journals when enforcing standards for transparency and reproducibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document summarizes a study on the role of γδ17 T cells in radiation pneumonitis (RP), a side effect of radiation therapy. The study found that a specific subset of γδ17 T cells interact with neutrophils through the IL17A axis in the late phase of RP. These γδ17 T cells showed a terminally exhausted phenotype and likely expand from tissue-resident memory cells. The study also identified the IL17 response signature as a downstream target of γδ17 T cells and found that neutrophils exhibited the highest IL17 response signature activity. The findings suggest that targeting the γδ17 T/neutrophil axis may be a potential therapeutic approach for RP. The document also provides a summary of the biological process of RP in the early and late phases, highlighting the role of cell death, DAMPs release, neutrophil recruitment, and the activation of γδ17 T cells and mature neutrophils. The study provides insights into RP pathogenesis and suggests new therapeutic avenues. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a case report of a 56-year-old female with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) secondary to synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome. The patient had a history of joint pain and skin symptoms associated with SAPHO syndrome, and her PAH symptoms worsened over time. After treatment with a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, the patient experienced improvement in her joint pain and shortness of breath. This case highlights the importance of considering PAH as a potential complication of SAPHO syndrome and suggests that JAK inhibitors may be effective in treating this condition. [Extracted from the article]

This document contains several abstracts summarizing different research studies related to surgical procedures and treatments. The first abstract discusses the use of a magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) device to manage gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after gastric bypass surgery. The study found that MSA was a safe and effective option for patients with intact esophageal motility. The second abstract compares laparoscopic and robotic revisional bariatric surgery and found that while there were no significant differences in complications, laparoscopic surgery had a higher rate of severe complications and reoperations. The third abstract explores the use of secreted microRNAs as biomarkers for pleural mesothelioma detection. The study identified several deregulated microRNAs that could potentially be used as diagnostic biomarkers for the disease. The fourth abstract investigates the healing process of colon anastomosis in obese mice and found that continued high-fat diet led to increased leak rates and decreased angiogenesis. The fifth abstract examines the co-delivery of recombinant VEGF and PDGF-BB for diabetic wound healing and found that the treatment improved wound healing and increased angiogenesis and blood flow. The final abstract describes the development of a mouse model for studying the impact of liver regeneration on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor growth. The model successfully implanted patient-derived HCC organoids and demonstrated increased tumor growth after liver resection. These abstracts provide valuable insights into various surgical procedures and treatments, highlighting their [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: The use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) T2 relaxometry and spectroscopy has added new dimensions to the imaging of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). Advanced techniques like MRI diffusion and MRI perfusion are new additions to the MRI protocol for epilepsy. Aim: To study the diagnostic value of T2 relaxation time in Electroencephalogram (EEG) confirmed seizure cases. Materials and Methods: A single-centre, cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Radiodiagnosis, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from December 2020 to November 2022 at a tertiary care hospital. All patients were subjected to MRI with a special epilepsy protocol and T2 relaxometry. Hippocampal T2 relaxation values for each slice were measured by placing a Region of Interest (ROI) on the representative image obtained from the T2 relaxometry sequence, focusing on the hippocampus in both the control and study groups. The control group (n=30) consisted of healthy volunteers, whereas the case group (n=36) comprised patients presenting with a history of seizures with positive MRI and EEG findings. Mean T2 relaxation time was calculated in each ROI, and an average was derived. Mean and Standard Deviation (SD) were calculated for the continuous variables, while ratios and proportions were calculated for the categorical variables. To determine the association of T2 relaxometry values in the study and control groups, an unpaired t-test was used. Results: The mean age of participants was 25.14±9.35 years (ranging from 9 to 51 years). The male-to-female ratio was 1.25:1. Hippocampal atrophy (32 out of 36 cases) and T2 signal alteration (30 out of 36 cases) were the most commonly identified features in Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (MTS). MRI without T2 relaxometry had a sensitivity of 94%. In two cases, where only mild hippocampal atrophy was identified in the conventional MRI sequence, making the diagnosis dubious, T2 relaxometry revealed increased T2 relaxation time in the head of the hippocampus and guided a proper diagnosis. EEG was able to lateralise seizures in 8 out of 13 right MTS cases (61.5%), 10 out of 17 left MTS cases (58.9%), and 5 out of 6 cases of bilateral MTS (83%). Conclusion: T2 relaxometry allows quantification of hippocampal signal intensity, allowing the detection of even subtle changes in signal intensity that are difficult to perceive by visual assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The patterns of microRNA (miRNA) expression have opened up new avenues in the search for prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for various tumours. In oral carcinogenesis research, analysing microRNAs expressed in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) unveils a complex network of interest. miR-21 is known to be overexpressed in numerous solid tumours and is linked to the progression of malignancies in hepatocellular carcinomas, breast cancer, and colon carcinomas. Aim: To determine the impact of surgical excision on serum miR-21 expression levels in OSCC cases and to establish correlations with clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: The study was an exploratory prospective observational study conducted with proper institutional ethical approval at the Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Fifty-six histologically confirmed OSCC cases were enrolled along with 25 healthy subjects as controls from May 2021 to June 2023. The relative fold expression change was calculated using the Livak method (2-ΔΔct). Data analysis was performed using software such as Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and MS Excel. Non parametric statistical tests such as Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-Whitney test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were utilised. Results: Out of 56 sample included, 28 exhibited high expression of miR-21 (p-value<0.001), while 27 cases showed downregulation postsurgery (p-value<0.001), with one sample showing the same level of expression. In cases where the time difference between pre and postsurgery samples was over 25 days, no significant change was observed (p-value=0.06), and similarly, in cases with a time difference below 25 days, no significant difference was noted (p-value=0.14). A significant negative correlation was found between presurgery serum Albumin to Globulin ratio (A:G ratio) and miR-21 expression (p-value <0.05), while no other parameters showed a significant correlation with miR-21. Conclusion: miR-21 expression decreased significantly in some OSCC cases; however, in the majority of cases, it increased postsurgery. A significant correlation was observed between miR-21 expression and the serum A:G ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) cause significant premature mortality. Prevention of major cardiovascular disease risk factors, like diabetes and hypertension, is a priority for public health. Aim: To estimate the risk assessment of NCD using the Community-Based Assessment Checklist (CBAC) scoring system developed by the Government of India among adults in rural areas. Materials and Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adults attending the hospital at the rural health training centre of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, from March 2023 to August 2023 using consecutive sampling. Face-toface interviews using a structured CBAC questionnaire and socio-demographic variables were used to gather data on age, tobacco consumption, alcohol intake, waist measurement, physical inactivity, and family history. Data were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 and interpreted in frequencies, percentages, and the Chi-square test. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall risk of NCD was estimated to be 57.25%. The risk of NCD was significantly associated with age (p-value <0.00001), tobacco consumption (p-value <0.0001), alcohol consumption (p-value <0.0001), waist circumference (p-value <0.0001), physical activity (p-value=0.000018), family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular illness (p-value <0.00001), education (p-value=0.0079), and socioeconomic status (p-value=0.0415). Conclusion: The overall risk of NCD was estimated to be 57.25%. Most of the CBAC variables were found to have a significant association with NCD risk. However, no significant association was found between CBAC variables and gender. CBAC is a simple and economical screening tool employed at the community level so that early intervention strategies can be planned for those at risk of NCDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the microvascular complications of diabetes is known as Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). The clinical manifestation of DN is an increase in the amount of albumin excreted in the urine. Albuminuria is the inflammatory process that occurs before end-stage renal failure and is a diagnostic marker. The total White Blood Cell (WBC) count is a crude but sensitive measure of inflammation. It is examined as an inflammatory marker in various cardiac and non cardiac disorders, such as acute Myocardial Infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure. Aim: To find a correlation between Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR) in DN patients. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study done over a period of 18 months from January 2018 to June 2019 at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. on 104 subjects diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) registered in present study. Spot albuminuria was tested by immune turbidimetry method. Urine creatinine was tested using Jaffe's kinetic method, from which spot UACR was calculated. The patients with albuminuria and without albuminuria were grouped into cases and controls, respectively. NLR was calculated using complete blood count and correlated with UACR. The estimated Glomerulus Filtration Rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation and correlated with UACR. Cases were further subgrouped into moderately increased albuminuria and severely increased albuminuria groups. Mean and standard deviation, independent sample t-test, Chi-square test, Odds Ratio (OR) were applied to find significance. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant, and an OR more than one suggests a positive association. Results: A total of 104 diabetic subjects were registered, with 52 subjects having DN and 52 having normal urine albumin. The mean age was 56±11.3 years and 50.6±11.8 years in the case and control groups, respectively. Among the 52 subjects in the case group, 12 (23.1%) were female and 40 (76.9%) were male. In the 52 control group, 30.8% (n=16) were female, and 69.2% (n=36) were male. The mean urine albumin was 75.5±121.2 mg/dL and 1.2±1.2 mg/dL in the case and control groups, respectively (p<0.001). A correlation was calculated between UACR and NLR, with a cut-off value for NLR of 2.92. The cutoff value for NLR was calculated using the Receivers Operating Curve (ROC). The Chi-square test was applied, showing statistical significance (p<0.001), with an OR calculated at 4.34 (OR >1). Conclusion: The present study showed a significant positive correlation between NLR and UACR. Therefore, NLR may be considered a novel surrogate marker of DN, as an alternative to UACR, which is expensive and requires special equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Irrigating solutions are vital in endodontics, serving to meticulously disinfect root canals, enzymatically dissolve pulpal remnants, and facilitate thorough flushing to eradicate microorganisms. This intricate process ensures optimal microbial control, tissue dissolution, and debris removal, contributing to enhanced endodontic outcomes and overall oral health in clinical practice. Aim: To evaluate the contact angle of Trisodium Citrate (TSC) Silver Nanoparticles (AgNP) and Biosynthesised AgNPs when used in root canal irrigation. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted at White Lab, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, from January 2023 to August 2023. A total of 40 single-rooted dentine samples extracted from human teeth were utilised. Ethical clearance was duly obtained. The samples were categorised into four groups (n=10 each). The groups underwent distinct irrigation processes, including Biosynthesised AgNPs from Azadirachta Indica (Group-1), Chemically synthesised AgNPs from Trisodium citrate (Group-2), 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite (Group-3), and Distilled Water (DW) as the control (Group-4). The contact angle of the tested irrigants was thoroughly evaluated in all the samples using an Ossila goniometer. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 21.0. Statistical tests used were Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Group-1 and Group-2 showed significantly low contact angles (p=0.002) compared to the other irrigants like 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) and water used as control. There was no statistically significant difference among the tested irrigants, with TSC AgNPs and A. Indica AgNPs showing the best results followed by NaOCl and distilled water. Conclusion: The AgNPs in prepared root canals can serve as a good alternative as an irrigating solution. Biosynthesised AgNPs are equivalent to Trisodium citrate AgNPs in regard to wettability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Infantile Tremor Syndrome (ITS) is a condition that mainly affects infants aged 6-24 months. Although predominantly considered a disorder of vitamin B12 deficiency, there have been some reports of an association of other micronutrient deficiencies in ITS babies. Aim: To assess the clinicoaetiological profile of cases of ITS admitted to the tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted at Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. All cases of ITS admitted to the Paediatric ward from April 2022 to March 2023 were enrolled. Their case records were studied for clinical signs and symptoms like presenting complaints, demographic profile, feeding history, history of tremors, and developmental milestones. Examination findings were studied for the degree of malnutrition, presence of anaemia, knuckle hyperpigmentation, sparse hypopigmented hair, other evidence of micronutrient deficiency, hepatosplenomegaly, and any focal neurological deficit. Laboratory parameters, mainly blood counts, haemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), peripheral smear findings, vitamin D and B12 levels, and serum albumin, were analysed to ascertain the clinicoaetiological profile of ITS. Results: A total of 19 cases were included in the study. All of them had sparse hypopigmented hair and anaemia. Thirteen (68.4%) had knuckle hyperpigmentation, 11 (58%) had tremors, and 16 (84.2%) had developmental delay/regression without any other underlying cause. Only 9 (47.4%) had laboratory evidence of vitamin B12 deficiency, while 14 (73.7%) had vitamin D deficiency. All the babies were discharged home, and tremors resolved in all of them after vitamin D, B12, and zinc therapy. Conclusion: In addition to vitamin B12, Vitamin D deficiency was seen in most cases of ITS. Hence, all patients with ITS need to be evaluated and treated for vitamin B12 as well as vitamin D deficiency for optimal treatment of this disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) has become a major clinical and public health problem, with an increasing incidence and prevalence, particularly among the young adult population. Although there are well-established prevention strategies for reducing the incidence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), their effectiveness is diminished by several risk factors. Aim: To investigate traditional and lifestyle CVD risk factors in young adults (18-30 years) and middle-aged (31-45 years) patients and to correlate them with the angiographic profile using the syntax score in these patients. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a crosssectional study conducted at the Cardiology Department, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India, a teritary care teaching hospital during the period of August 2021 to July 2022. A total of 87 patients were included based on the study criteria. The study population was divided into two groups: Group-I (18-30 years) and Group-II (31-45 years). After obtaining informed consent, details regarding coronary risk factors such as smoking, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity, family history of CAD, and details including physical inactivity were recorded. Coronary Angiography (CAG) was performed to determine obstructive coronary lesions, and the syntax score was calculated. All the collected data were recorded in Excel spreadsheets, and statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 25.0 software. Results: A male preponderance was observed in the study population (84%) with a mean age of 38.7±5.5 years, and the youngest patient was a 19-year-old female. The majority of patients, 79 (90.8%), were in the middle-age group. Dyslipidaemia (94%) was the predominant modifiable risk factor in the study population (p<0.05), followed by obesity (65.5%). About half of the patients had smoking as the predisposing risk factor for CAD. The majority of patients presented with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) (76.9%). Single Vessel Disease (SVD) was the most common finding (70.1%), and the common culprit vessel was the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery (24.1%). The angiographic syntax score was low (<16) in 70 (80.5%) of the patients, with only 6 (7%) of the patients having a higher syntax score (>22). The correlation of the mean syntax score with risk factors has shown an association with obesity (10.6), physical inactivity (10.6), followed by diabetes (10.5). Conclusion: The study showed that middle age, male gender, and lifestyle risk factors including dyslipidaemia, obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking seem to correlate with angiographic lesions and CAD incidence. Therefore, the inclusion of healthy lifestyle changes such as regular physical activity and the control of modifiable risk factors, including smoking cessation, in this vulnerable middle-aged group is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis remains a diagnostic burden globally, responsible for about 30-50% of the total neonatal deaths each year in developing countries. Neutrophil CD-64 is found to be a promising marker for the diagnosis of early and late infections in newborns. Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR (HLA-DR) is a glycosylated cell surface transmembrane protein expressed on monocytes, allowing antigen presentation to T-cells and playing a crucial role in initiating the immune cascade during sepsis. Decreased expression of HLA-DR on monocytes has been associated with decreased survival in newborns with sepsis. Aim: To evaluate the role of neutrophil CD-64 and monocyte HLA-DR expression as markers of neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional prospective study carried out at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India, between July 2016 and June 2017. Total of 70 full-term neonates with clinical suspicion of sepsis were enrolled. A 2 mL peripheral venous blood sample was collected for flow cytometry, blood culture, and sepsis screening in all patients. The expression of cell surface markers (CD-64 on neutrophils and HLA-DR on monocytes) was measured by an eight-color flow cytometer. A composite parameter was derived by dividing the Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) values of nCD-64 and their respective mHLA-DR, multiplying the ratio by 100, and terming it as the sepsis index (Sepsis Index = nCD-64/mHLA-DR x 100). A region was drawn on monocytes on an SSC/CD14 plot. Gating was performed on 'not monocytes' on the SSC/CD45 bivariate dot plot, and regions were drawn on lymphocytes and neutrophils. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 statistical software. The Chi-square test was applied for proportions, and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was applied for normally distributed data. Results: In this study, 70 symptomatic neonates clinically suspected to have sepsis were enrolled and categorised into the sepsis group and the no Sepsis group. The sepsis group was further subgrouped into Definite Sepsis (Blood culture positive) and Probable Sepsis (Symptomatic baby with sepsis screen positive but sterile blood culture). nCD-64 positivity was observed in all cases (n=19) of definite sepsis. nCD-64 revealed 100% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity, 86.36% Positive Predictive Value (PPV), 100% Negative Predictive Value (NPV), and 93.02% diagnostic accuracy in culture-positive sepsis. However, downregulation of mHLA-DR observed in the present study alone showed poor diagnostic utility. The Sepsis index showed sensitivity of 94.73%, specificity of 62.50%, PPV of 66.66%, NPV of 93.75%, and accuracy of 76.74% in the definite sepsis group. Conclusion: Flow cytometric assessment of neutrophil CD-64 may be considered a rapid and reliable marker for the diagnosis of bacterial neonatal sepsis. mHLA-DR may be beneficial for monitoring patients at a later point in time for the identification of delayed immuno-suppression in neonatal sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronic osteomyelitis in the paediatric age group is a frequent complication of improperly treated acute haematogenous osteomyelitis, leading to devastating complications such as pathological fractures and deformities in affected children. There is a growing need to comprehend the disease process and develop improved treatment strategies. Aim: To evaluate bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in children and adolescents with chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis in North India and to explore associations between radiological patterns and antibiotic sensitivity. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics of tertiary care centre, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, North India, from July 2018 to June 2020. Total 100 children and young adolescents with chronic osteomyelitis who reported to OPD of hospital with pus discharge from an extremity persisting for more than six weeks, along with radiological features indicative of chronic osteomyelitis. Parameters such as site of infection, illness duration, blood parameters, bacteriological culture reports, etc., were examined. Radiological evaluation was performed using the Beit CURE (BC) classification. Data were analysed and represented in the form of frequencies and percentages. The Chi-square test was used to compare proportions, with significance set at p-value<0.05. Results: The median age of the study population was 13 years, there were 32 (32%) females and 68 (68%) males. The majority of cases (70%) belonged to the B1-B3 group. Staphylococcus aureus was responsible for 86 (86%) cases, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 7 (7%) cases. Out of the 86 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates, 58 (67.44%) were Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Multidrug resistance was observed among gram-negative species, as well. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed resistance to fluoroquinolones in 4 (57%) cases, aminoglycosides in 2 (28%) cases, and carbapenem in 1 (14%) case, which is considered highly effective in treating serious infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram-negative species. No significant association was found between drug sensitivity patterns and radiological features in the present study. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus remains the most predominant organism isolated from deep tissue cultures. Among S. aureus isolates, MRSA was the most frequently identified. Identifying the causative organism may be challenging in some cases. Among cases where the offending microbe was identified, drug resistance was widespread among both Gram-negative and Gram-positive specimens. No significant relationship was found between the radiological appearance of infected bone and the pattern of antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides summaries of various research studies on endometriosis. One study examines the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the placenta and suggests that the virus does not replicate in trophoblasts, potentially indicating a protective mechanism. Another study investigates the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on placental integrity and syncytial knot formation, which are associated with pregnancy-related disorders. A third study explores the role of immune cells in endometriosis-associated pain and proposes targeting specific immune cells as a potential therapeutic option. The fourth study focuses on non-hormonal treatments for endometriosis, emphasizing the need for alternative options for patients who cannot tolerate hormonal therapies. These studies contribute to our understanding of endometriosis and may lead to improved diagnostic and treatment strategies. Additionally, the document discusses a study that used machine learning techniques to identify factors predicting infant passive immunity. The study found that maternal SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels, NT50 at birth, maternal infections and/or vaccinations, and bivalent vaccination before birth were significantly associated with infant cord NT50 levels. The Random Forest approach yielded the most accurate predictions. The study suggests that future research should include longitudinal infant clinical and immunological outcomes to enhance our understanding of vaccine efficacy. [Extracted from the article]

Improving novel and efficient biosensors for determining organic/inorganic compounds is a challenge in analytical chemistry for clinical diagnosis and research in biomedical sciences. Electrochemical enzyme-based biosensors are one of the commercially successful groups of biosensors that make them highly appealing because of their low cost, high selectivity, and sensitivity. Core/shell nanoparticles have emerged as versatile platforms for developing enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors due to their unique physicochemical properties and tunable surface characteristics. This study provides a comprehensive review of recent trends and advancements in the utilization of core/shell nanoparticles for the development of enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors. Moreover, a statistical evaluation of the studies carried out in this field between 2007 and 2023 is made according to the preferred electrochemical techniques. The recent applications of core/shell nanoparticles in enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors were summarized to quantify environmental pollutants, food contaminants, and clinical biomarkers. Additionally, the review highlights recent innovations and strategies to improve the performance of enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors using core/shell nanoparticles. These include the integration of nanomaterials with specific functions such as hydrophilic character, chemical and thermal stability, conductivity, biocompatibility, and catalytic activity, as well as the development of new hybrid nanostructures and multifunctional nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In analytical chemistry, the synergy between innovative sample preparation techniques and advanced chromatographic methods has paved the way for unprecedented advancements in the analysis of complex samples. Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) stands out as a powerful tool for extraction, and preconcentration. When coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a Diode Array Detector (DAD), the integrated SPME-HPLC-DAD system emerges as a sophisticated analytical platform, offering enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and versatility for various applications. Desorption is accomplished by either depositing organic solvent in the desorption chamber or else by flowing the mobile phase through the desorption chamber specificity. An ordinary description, along with a visual illustration, has been thoroughly provided for concepts of developed well-known enhanced thin film SPME cartridges (Figure 2). The tabular representation is also available with proper description like technique name, targeted analyte, column used, mobile phase used, %RSD, extraction recovery, LOD, and data acquired R2 also considered Based on the information available in the present study. Discussed SPME with HPLC-DAD brings a great turning point by successfully utilization in biomedical sciences, environmental monitors, food safety, and clinical analysis This cost-effective, readily available technique is both environmentally friendly and stable, allowing for rapid, reliable, and accurate measurements across a wide range of analyte concentrations, thanks to the utilization of hyphenated techniques. The different strategies of SPME with HPLC -DAD and possible future apllications have been incorporated in the review. The understanding of these techniques is still limited and challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION The Government of India has implemented extensive eradication program for Leprosy, and in many areas it was declared as free from Leprosy in December 20051. Inspite of all measures taken by Government of India, lack of awareness, social stigma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study from January 2018 to December 2018 in the department of pathology Khaja Banda Nawaz institution of medical sciences. Paraffin embedded 3-5microns sections stained with Haematoxylin and eosin was studied.AFB Bacilli demonstrated by Fite Faracco. RESULTS Results tabulated. Cases classified according to modified Riedly-Jopling classification. 22 cases, 15 males, 7 female. Age range 13-64yrs (mean age-45yrs). Most of cases were in 20-40yr age group Conclusion: National Leprosy eradication programme in India indicates that leprosy as a public health programme is negligible but a large number of newly diagnosed Hansen's cases are being reported from various hospitals. Most of these cases are drug resistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The vitamin b12 in type 2diabetes mellitus. Patients using metformin or not on metformin-a cross sectional study. Methods: Data was collected from T2DM patients attending Department of General medicine of Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kanyakumari, TamilNadu from march 2022 to September 2023. data collected from 110 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin and patients not on metformin(dose and duration) Age group (18to 80 years). Results: The age group didn't shows significant p value. The Pearson chi square for age is 8.057, p=0.089. The sex also shows no significant p value(Pearson chi square=0.131, p=0.717) Mathew c pflipse et al, shows high prevalence of vitamin b12 deficiency among 22% of diabetes with metformin therapy. In our study also had almost same percentage of the metformin group patients affected. Ting et al, noticed that the metformin duration are main factors for Vitamin B12 deficiency. This is similar to our study and shows association between duration of metformin and with B12 levels. Conclusion: In the study, metformin therapy for >2 years had shows significant vitamin B12 deficiency and less than 6 months has no significant vitamin B12 deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Liver cirrhosis is a chronic illness encountered both at primary and tertiary care level. Development of lung manifestations in cirrhosis has several clinical repercussions because they carry a poor prognosis. These include pleural effusion, obstructive and restrictive lung disease, hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary syndrome. HPS is a triad of hypoxemia, liver disease and intrapulmonary vascular dilatation. The prevalence of HPS in cirrhosis has been reported between 4-19%. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: 1. To detect the prevalence of HPS among cirrhotic patients. 2. To correlate severity of HPS with Child-Pugh class. 3. To study the clinical spectrum of HPS in cirrhotic patients. MATERIAL & METHODS Patients presented in Outpatient / Inpatient department of Gastroenterology in MM department institute of Medical sciences Mullana, Ambala with characteristic signs and symptoms of cirrhosis fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Data was collected in a pretested proforma and 120 cases were selected using simple random sampling technique. Patients were investigated for pulse oximetry or arterial blood gas analysis and contrast Echocardiogram. Appropriate statistical tests were applied. RESULTS: In our study, Cirrhosis of liver was more commonly seen in middle aged adults (in 5th decade) with male to female ratio of 5:1. The most common complaint was abdominal distension among all study population. Grade II esophageal varices were the most common endoscopic finding. HPS was present in 10 patients (8.3 %). Clubbing, splenomegaly and orthodeoxia were observed in all patients of HPS. Among all classes of Child Pugh score, HPS was most commonly seen in class C. There was a significant correlation between the HPS and Child - Pugh class and also between "subclinical" HPS and Child -Pugh class. CONCLUSION: There was a significant correlation between HPS with Child -Pugh which signifies that more likelihood of developing HPS in advanced CLD patients. There is a need for requirement of early testing to rule out subclinical HPS and HPS in early stages of CLD to prevent mortality and morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Meningoencephalitis is a syndrome leading to fatality and neurological damages. Worldwide, infection of the central nervous system is the most common cause of meningoencephalitis. In encephalitis, a leptomeningeal involvement along with inflammation of brain parenchyma is invariably present and the clinical symptoms reflect both diffuse and focal cerebral pathology as well as meningitis. This study is done to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis, so that prompt management is given at appropriate time. Material and Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted on patients attending at the Department of Medicine, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, India. A total of 70 patients were studied. All patients were subjected to complete clinical evaluation and appropriate investigations to study the etiology, clinical profile and outcome in them. Results: 53 patients in our study were young adults (<50 years of age group). Among the 70 patient with meningo-encephalitis in this study, the common initial presenting symptoms were fever, headache and altered sensorium. Among 70 patients, 41 patients were diagnosed as Tuberculous meningitis. 11 patients were diagnosed as pyogenic meningitis; 12 patients were diagnosed as viral meningo encephalitis. Conclusion: Meningoencephalitis is a disease with high morbidity and mortality and considered as medical emergency. In this study, most of the patients with meningoencephalitis were males and young adults. Tuberculous meningitis was the most common overall cause in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) are Group 1 carcinogens that can enhance gastric cancer progression. Bioactive substances extracted from plants can be effective therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. For example, Withania somnifera extract‐WSE reduces the Gankyrin oncoprotein, which is upregulated in the presence of H. pylori and EBV. The various biochemical and metabolic changes upon 24 hrs post‐infection followed by W. somnifera extract (WSE) treatment on gastric epithelial cells (AGS) can be studied using spectroscopic techniques. In the biomedical sciences, Raman and NMR spectroscopy have been extensively employed to interpret cellular alterations contributing to the onset of infection and the severity of gastric cancer. More specifically, alterations in cellular biochemical homeostasis are linked to the moieties of cholesterol, collagen, choline, carbohydrate, lipids, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. Further, we have found significantly elevated FWHM for carbohydrates, tumor associated protein, collagen, cholesterol, and cholesterol ester in the co‐infection model. We also looked into the potential correlation between these molecules using molecular network analysis and found several related factors that can be modulated through biomolecular levels. These molecules are crucial in several physiological functions, including cell division, cell proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, cell migration, and lipid transport. Our study paves the pathway to study H. pylori and EBV co‐infection in human gastric epithelial cells and the therapeutic interventions of WSE in this scenario and highlights specific biomolecular alterations, which can be focused for further mechanistic investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: Viral hepatitis is a major public health concern in low-middle income countries. Hepatitis-E infection (HEV) is found globally but most prevalent in low-income countries especially those with poor sanitation systems, access to clean drinking water and health services. Superinfection with HEV in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) can cause severe hepatic decompensation leading to increased morbidity and mortality. To determine the frequency of seroprevalence of Hepatitis-E virus Immunoglobulin g (IgG) and its association with chronic liver disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Asian Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan from January till May 2022. A total of 196 patients of aged > 18 years, presenting in gastroenterology clinics were included in the study after informed consent. Result: Among 196 patients, one third of patient were male (73.5%). Out of which 162 (82.7%) had liver disease and 34 (17.3%) were without liver disease. The median age of patient was 45 (33-51) years. The overall seroprevalence of HEV IgG among study population was 69.4%. HEV IgG was present in 114 and 22 in CLD and non CLD patients respectively. Multivariable regression shows no association between seroprevalence of HEV in CLD and non-CLD patient (AOR 1.02, 95% CI 0.45-2.313). Conclusion: Our study showed high frequency of HEV seropositivity. No difference was observed in HEV seropositivity among CLD and non-CLD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At an anniversary symposium celebrating the 20th anniversary of the open-access publication portal "German Medical Science," the future of scientific writing with artificial intelligence (AI) and ChatGPT was discussed. There are concerns regarding the increase in fake news and open questions regarding copyright. It was emphasized that AI can support selected scientific processes but also brings challenges. The article discusses the use of AI tools in scientific writing and highlights legal and ethical aspects. The DFG has already published guidelines for the use of AI, emphasizing transparency and traceability in the research process. The European Commission is planning a legislative framework to regulate AI. Publishers and publication platforms have different guidelines for the use of AI in scientific writing. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides abstracts from the Caribbean Urological Association 25th Annual International Conference, summarizing various medical studies and procedures conducted in Trinidad and Tobago. The studies cover a range of topics, including the clinical and pathological profile of prostate cancer patients, complications associated with prostate biopsies, the prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistant Escherichia coli in patients undergoing biopsies, genomic studies in men with prostate cancer, a men's health screening clinic, an analysis of bladder cancer, outcomes of robotic radical prostatectomy, and the impact of kidney stones on quality of life. The abstracts provide valuable insights into urological research and highlight the importance of effective treatment and care. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a collection of abstracts from the ANZ Journal of Surgery, focusing on various topics related to transplantation surgery. The abstracts provide information on the purpose, methodology, and results of each study, highlighting important findings and conclusions. Some of the topics covered include kidney transplantation outcomes, pancreas retransplantation, pancreatic transplants, skin cancer in liver transplant patients, normothermic machine perfusion, and pediatric en bloc renal transplantation. These abstracts can be a valuable resource for researchers and medical professionals interested in these specific areas of transplantation surgery. The abstracts include case reports and studies that explore different aspects of renal transplantation, such as the use of ex-vivo machine perfusion to assess organ viability, complications related to graft ureter in kidney transplantation, and the risk of severe infections in renal transplant patients. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a collection of abstracts and studies on various topics related to medical research and advancements. It covers topics such as clinical chemistry, laboratory medicine, nutrition science, personalized medicine, cancer research, cardiovascular disease, and pharmacogenomics. The abstracts and studies provide insights into ongoing research, challenges, and potential applications in these fields. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding genetic variations and biomarkers for personalized medicine and improving patient care. It also highlights the potential of using saliva as a non-invasive method for disease screening and diagnosis. [Extracted from the article]

This article reports on a rare case of pineoblastoma, a malignant tumor of the pineal gland, diagnosed through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology in a 15-year-old girl. The CSF sample showed clusters of large round to oval tumor cells with granular cytoplasm and nuclear abnormalities. The diagnosis was confirmed through radiological imaging and immunocytochemistry. The article discusses the differential diagnosis and molecular characteristics of pineoblastoma, as well as the poor prognosis associated with distant metastasis. [Extracted from the article]

Objective(s): Sepsis poses a significant threat to human life, rendering it a burdensome medical disease. Despite significant advancements, the current state of medical science still lacks a viable and efficacious cure. Costunolide (COST) is a multifaceted sesquiterpene lactone that exhibits a range of actions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We investigated the potential impacts of COST on a rat sepsis model caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Materials and Methods: We created an experimental rat model with the following groups: SHAM, CLP, CLP+low dose COST, and CLP+high dose COST. Blood, kidney, and lung samples were collected. Inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were investigated. In addition, we assessed oxidative stress by measuring 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunopositivity, MDA levels, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations backed up our findings. Results: Compared to the CLP group, the COST group showed a reduction in inflammatory and oxidative stress indicators. The expression of inflammatory mediators was suppressed by COST, and histological examinations revealed improvements in kidney and lung tissues in the treatment groups. Conclusion: Our study highlights the preventive effects of COST against CLP-induced sepsis-related injury. Considering its beneficial effects against many diseases, COST is worthy as to be evaluated against sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides summaries of three articles from the Circulation Family of Journals. The first article discusses a pilot trial comparing compression-only CPR to standard CPR for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The study found no differences in safety measures or short-term survival between the two strategies. The second article presents a study on the use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) to predict the malignancy of cardiac masses. The CMR-derived model showed excellent accuracy in predicting malignancy, surpassing the diagnostic echocardiographic mass score. The third article examines the impact of incomplete revascularization after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with left main coronary artery disease. The study found that incomplete revascularization was associated with increased rates of death and spontaneous myocardial infarction. [Extracted from the article]

It is increasingly common to encounter prediction tasks in the biomedical sciences for which multiple datasets are available for model training. Common approaches such as pooling datasets before model fitting can produce poor out‐of‐study prediction performance when datasets are heterogeneous. Theoretical and applied work has shown multistudy ensembling to be a viable alternative that leverages the variability across datasets in a manner that promotes model generalizability. Multistudy ensembling uses a two‐stage stacking strategy which fits study‐specific models and estimates ensemble weights separately. This approach ignores, however, the ensemble properties at the model‐fitting stage, potentially resulting in performance losses. Motivated by challenges in the estimation of COVID‐attributable mortality, we propose optimal ensemble construction, an approach to multistudy stacking whereby we jointly estimate ensemble weights and parameters associated with study‐specific models. We prove that limiting cases of our approach yield existing methods such as multistudy stacking and pooling datasets before model fitting. We propose an efficient block coordinate descent algorithm to optimize the loss function. We use our method to perform multicountry COVID‐19 baseline mortality prediction. We show that when little data is available for a country before the onset of the pandemic, leveraging data from other countries can substantially improve prediction accuracy. We further compare and characterize the method's performance in data‐driven simulations and other numerical experiments. Our method remains competitive with or outperforms multistudy stacking and other earlier methods in the COVID‐19 data application and in a range of simulation settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum amplification enables the enhancement of weak signals and is of great importance for precision measurements, such as biomedical science and tests of fundamental symmetries. Here, we observe a previously unexplored magnetic amplification using dark noble-gas nuclear spins in the absence of pump light. Such dark spins exhibit remarkable coherence lasting up to 6 min and the resilience against the perturbations caused by overlapping alkali-metal gas. We demonstrate that the observed phenomenon, referred to as "dark spin amplification," significantly magnifies magnetic field signals by at least three orders of magnitude. As an immediate application, we showcase an ultrasensitive magnetometer capable of measuring subfemtotesla fields in a single 500-s measurement. Our approach is generic and can be applied to a wide range of noble-gas isotopes, and we discuss promising optimizations that could further improve the current signal amplification up to 104 with 21Ne, 105 with 129Xe, and 106 with 3He. This work unlocks opportunities in precision measurements, including searches for ultralight dark matter with sensitivity well beyond the supernova-observation constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various scientific research findings in different fields. One study focuses on the mechanisms of leaf folding in response to dehydration in bamboo palm leaves, which could have implications for the design of soft machines. Another study explores an illusion related to retinal image magnification and object shape perception, providing evidence for a failure of cue combination in shape perception. A third study proposes a model for the chemistry of Europa's ocean, suggesting a mechanism for neutralizing reactive oxygen species without significant ocean mixing. The article also mentions a preclinical candidate drug for SARS-CoV-2 infection and a study on how gentrification affects mammal diversity in US cities. [Extracted from the article]

Plantar stress perception is highly desired in sports science and medical research, with the constraint of external power supply to impede the portability and flexibility in daily life. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) opens a new avenue for self‐power sensing; however, a comprehensive sensing of normal and shear plantar stress remains elusive, let alone the further exploration from a mapping perspective. Here, a TENG‐based self‐powered sensing insole is developed for a comprehensive normal‐shear plantar stress mapping among four critical positions. At each position, four TENG units with single‐electrode‐mode triboelectrification are incorporated to decouple the normal and shear stress based on asymmetrical outputs. The insole exhibits excellent static characteristics for plantar stress measurement. Also, it can dynamically capture plantar stress variations to distinguish between different states during a standing long jump, enabling sports performance evaluation and rectification. Moreover, with the assistance of artificial intelligence in signal processing, different abnormal gaits can be precisely identified by the insole, highlighting the potential for disease diagnosis and rehabilitation. To the best of the knowledge, this work is the first demonstration of a self‐powered TENG insole with a comprehensive perception of normal and shear plantar stress perception, holding promise for applications in sports science and medical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evaluating moral principles in the Society of Medical Sciences and health care workers (HCWs) is imperative due to their direct contact with the community and the significant impact of their attitudes and decisions on people's lives. This study aimed to determine the components related to ethical decisions in medical sciences students. Methods: One thousand two hundred thirty-five eligible students in the Alborz University of Medical Sciences participated in this descriptive study. We gathered their socio-demographic information, assessed their moral reasoning, and used the ethical decisions questionnaire, Lutsen moral sensitivity questionnaire, and general health questionnaire (GHQ) for data gathering. The data were analyzed with SPSS software version 25 and LISREL version 8.8. Results: According to the path analysis test findings, ethical reasoning significantly correlated with ethical decision-making (B = 0.40). The number of clinical courses passed, moral sensation (moral sensitivity), and the total number of passed academic semesters had the greatest positive and negative association with ethical decision-making, respectively. (B = 0.54), (B = 0.524) and (B = -0.11). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the moral reasoning test, the moral sensation was associated with ethical decision-making, which indicates the necessity of attending to ethical aspects, promoting moral reasoning, sensitivity, and students' accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim. As an integral matter at the global level, sleep quality can be pertinent to some factors, namely, depression and anxiety. Considering this critical issue and its effects and consequences, the current cross-sectional study has centralized its aim on assessing the association between depression and anxiety with sleep quality in freshmen students in the context of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences (NUMS). Methods. A total number of 471 freshmen students (NUMS) participated in the study, pinpointing that the data are collected in 2019 and 2020. In line with measuring depression, anxiety, and sleep quality, the Persian Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were employed. The associations between depression and anxiety with sleep quality were assessed by using the multiple logistic regression model. All statistical analyses were conducted in STATA14, and the significant level was set at P < 0.05. Results. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and poor sleep quality in the study population was 21.4%, 31.9%, and 28%, respectively. Analytical analyses indicated that after adjusting for studied covariates, the odds of poor sleep quality in individuals with depression were 3.5 times higher compared to the counter group (P < 0.001). Moreover, the odds of poor sleep quality in individuals with anxiety were 2.1 times higher compared to the counter group (P < 0.001). Conclusion. Noticeable proportion of freshmen students suffer from depression and anxiety; in line with such a critical issue, our study found that depression and anxiety had a statistical association with sleep quality in study population. From this respect, it seems that providing essential interventions and psychological counseling services could be constructive for the freshmen medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microheaters are used in several applications, including medical diagnostics, synthesis, environmental monitoring, and actuation. Conventional microheaters rely on thin-film electrodes microfabricated in a clean-room environment. However, low-cost alternatives based on conductive paste electrodes fabricated using printing techniques have started to emerge over the years. Here, we report a surprising effect that leads to significant electrode performance improvement as confirmed by the thorough characterization of bulk, processed, and conditioned samples. Mixing silver ink and PVA results in the solubilization of performance-hindering organic compounds. These compounds evaporate during heating cycles. The new electrodes, which reach a temperature of 80 °C within 5 min using a current of 7.0 A, display an overall 42% and 35% improvement in the mechanical (hardness) and electrical (resistivity) properties compared to pristine silver ink electrodes. To validate our results, we use the composite heater to amplify and detect parasite DNA from Trypanosoma brucei, associated with African sleeping sickness. Our LAMP test compares well with commercially available systems, confirming the excellent performance of our nanocomposite heaters. Since their fabrication relies on well-established techniques, we anticipate they will find use in a range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing use of inertial measurement units (IMU) in biomedical sciences brings new possibilities for clinical research. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the accuracy of the IMU-based wearable Syde® device, which allows day-long and remote continuous gait recording in comparison to a reference motion capture system. Twelve healthy subjects (age: 23.17 ± 2.04, height: 174.17 ± 6.46 cm) participated in a controlled environment data collection and performed a series of gait tasks with both systems attached to each ankle. A total of 2820 strides were analyzed. The results show a median absolute stride length error of 1.86 cm between the IMU-based wearable device reconstruction and the motion capture ground truth, with the 75th percentile at 3.24 cm. The median absolute stride horizontal velocity error was 1.56 cm/s, with the 75th percentile at 2.63 cm/s. With a measurement error to the reference system of less than 3 cm, we conclude that there is a valid physical recovery of stride length and horizontal velocity from data collected with the IMU-based wearable Syde® device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]