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Cytogenetic bands reflect genomic organization in large blocks of DNA with similar properties. Because banding patterns are invariant, this organization may often be assumed unimportant for genome regulation. Results here challenge that view. Findings here suggest cytogenetic bands reflect a visible framework upon which regulated genome architecture is built. Given Alu and L1 densities differ in cytogenetic bands, we examined their distribution after X-chromosome inactivation or formation of senescent-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHFs). Alu-rich regions remain outside both SAHFs and the Barr Body (BB), affirming that the BB is not the whole chromosome but a condensed, L1-rich core. Hi-C analysis of senescent cells demonstrates large (~10 Mb) G-bands remodel as a contiguous unit, gaining distal intrachromosomal interactions as syntenic G-bands coalesce into SAHFs. Striking peaks of Alu within R-bands strongly resist condensation. Thus, large-scale segmental genome architectur relates to dark versus light cytogenetic bands and Alu-peaks, implicating both in chromatin regulation.

The Bat landscape of northwestern Oman is one of intermittent archaeological remains and varied ecological conditions. The site has been a center for human activity since the Neolithic, most famously attested by the Early Bronze Age tombs, towers, and settlement of the UNESCO World Heritage zone. This paper presents recent research conducted by the Bat Archaeological Project in reconstructing the site’s third millennium BC cultural landscape and the human-environment interactions that led to its creation and long-term occupation. Three of Bat’s Early Bronze Age environs: the Settlement Slope, al-Khutm, and Rakhat al-Madrh are discussed in view of their ecological, geomorphological, and archaeological contexts. New archaeobotanical and 14C results are presented. These discoveries suggest Bat’s ancient inhabitants sought out and utilized diverse environments in order to establish cultural and ecological resilience within a localized area. Ultimately, we propose an expansion to the traditional oasis model of settlement and agricultural development in southeast Arabia, arguing for a systems-based approach that incorporates roles played by environs beyond the oasis.

Individual grazing patterns among cattle can contribute to sustainability of land use, however, little is known about the consistency of these grazing patterns. To address this knowledge gap, fifty Angus x Hereford cows were observed in repeated assays: A management assay (handling procedure, narrow chute, hydraulic squeeze), a social-feed trade-off assay (SFTA; choice between social mates and feed item), and novel approach assay (choice between social mates and feed item with novel pattern). The same cattle were tracked with GPS collars over two grazing seasons (June-August 2021 and 2022) and average grazing-related metrics (e.g., elevation used, distance traveled) were calculated within each season. Cows with a more passive response in the chute were found at higher elevation (p = 0.017), further from water (p = 0.043), and closer to supplement sites (p = 0.029). Cows that had higher latency to supplement in the SFTA traveled shorter distances on rangeland (p = 0.035). Thus, there was some evidence that cows with a more passive response to isolation and management had more optimal grazing patterns (grazed underutilized areas of the range at higher elevations and further from water sources). Selecting cattle with more optimal foraging patterns based on observable behaviors during handling and isolation could improve the sustainability of rangeland grazing., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

This study investigated whether impairment persists after posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has resolved. Traumatically injured patients ( N = 1,035) were assessed during hospital admission and at 3 (85%) and 12 months (73%). Quality of life prior to traumatic injury was measured with the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF during hospitalization and at each subsequent assessment. PTSD was assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale at 3 and 12 months. After controlling for preinjury functioning, current pain, and comorbid depression, patients whose PTSD symptoms had resolved by 12 months were more likely to have poorer quality of life in psychological (OR = 3.51), physical (OR = 10.17), social (OR = 4.54), and environmental (OR = 8.83) domains than those who never developed PTSD. These data provide initial evidence that PTSD can result in lingering effects on functional capacity even after remission of symptoms. Reprinted from Clin Psychol Sci 2016; 4:493-498 , with permission from Sage. Copyright © 2016., (Copyright © 2023 by the American Psychiatric Association.)