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One of the main challenges most organic photodiodes (OPDs) facing is to overcome the traditional trade‐off between ultralow dark current and high responsivity (R) in existing research. Here, van der Waals multilayer OPD based on water transfer printing method, termed hybrid bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ)/planar‐heterojunction (PHJ) (B‐PHJ) framework, is constructed making certain the high‐quality interface and novel two‐phase energy band alignment between the active and barrier layer with noise suppression and photovoltaic complement simultaneously. The prepared OPD exhibits the combined advantages of ultralow dark current (0.2 nA cm−2 at −1 V) and high responsivity (0.49 A W−1 at 850 nm). As a result, these superimposed effects enable the device to feature a superior liner dynamic range (LDR) of 210 dB and a specific detectivity of 1014 Jones to address the conventional responsivity‐noise trade‐off. The results reveal that the balance dynamics of charge transfer and charge blocking in van der Waals hybrid two‐phase framework OPD, may inspire the development of next OPDs. Finally, its diverse practical application potential is demonstrated through long‐distance misaligned photoplethysmography (PPG) measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effects of blood transfusions on splanchnic oxygenation and complications related to blood transfusions, including red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, in premature infants undergoing enteral feeding, to provide clinical evidence for a management protocol for premature infants during the peri-transfusion period., Methods: This single-blind, randomized, controlled trial enrolled sixty eligible preterm infants who were randomly divided into the withholding feeding group ( n = 30) or feeding group ( n = 30). Enteral feeding was withheld for 8 h, beginning from the start of transfusion infants in the feeding group were fed according to the pre-transfusion feeding approach during and after RBC transfusion., Results: Baseline characteristics of those in the withholding and feeding groups were as follows: gestational age (weeks) 27.52 (24.86-30.14) and 27.13 (25.43-30.14); birth weight (g), 1,027 (620-1,450) and 1,027 (620-1,270); blood transfusion day, 48 (14-79) and 39 (10-78); and hemoglobin before blood transfusion (g/L), 81.67 (±10.56) and 85.93 (±14.77). No significant differences were observed between groups at baseline. No significant differences were observed in the average splanchnic tissue oxygenation changes or clinical results at any time. One patient in the withholding feeding group experienced transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis., Conclusions: No differences in splanchnic oxygenation observed these feeding protocols. This study suggests the feasibility of a sizable trial to evaluate clinical outcomes. The risks of mesenteric ischemia and transfusion-related necrotizing enterocolitis for premature infants were not increased by enteral feeding during RBC transfusion., Clinical Trial Registration: ChiCTR2200055726 (https://www.chictr.org.cn/)., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 He, Sun, Xu, Luo, Tang, Xiong, Zhao and Shi.)

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore the potential impact of the route of administration on the efficacy of therapies and occurrence of adverse events when administering medications to premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)., Method: The protocol for this review has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD 42022324598). We searched relevant studies in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and the Web of Science databases from March 26, 1996, to January 31, 2022., Results: A total of six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and five observational studies were included for analysis, involving 630 premature neonates in total. Among these infants, 480 were in the ibuprofen group (oral vs. intravenous routes), 78 in the paracetamol group (oral vs. intravenous routes), and 72 in the ibuprofen group (rectal vs. oral routes). Our meta-analysis revealed a significant difference in the rate of PDA closure between the the initial course of oral ibuprofen and intravenous ibuprofen groups (relative risk (RR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.13-1.44]; P  < 0.0001, I 2  = 0%). In contrast, the meta-analysis of paracetamol administration via oral versus intravenous routes showed no significant difference in PDA closure rates (RR = 0.86, 95% CI [0.38-1.91]; P  = 0.71, I 2  = 76%). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of adverse events or the need for surgical intervention among various drug administration methods after the complete course of drug therapy., Conclusion: This meta-analysis evaluated the safety and effectiveness of different medication routes for treating PDA in premature infants. Our analysis results revealed that compared with intravenous administration, oral ibuprofen may offer certain advantages in closing PDA without increasing the risk of adverse events. Conversely, the use of paracetamol demonstrated no significant difference in PDA closure and the risk of adverse events between oral and intravenous administration., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2024 Luo et al.)

In recent years, the transmission capacity of chaotic secure communications has been greatly expanded by combining coherent detection and multi-dimensional multiplexing. However, demonstrations over 1000 km fiber are yet to be further explored. In this paper, we propose a coherent optical secure transmission system based on analog-digital hybrid chaos. By introducing an analog-digital converter (ADC) and a bit extraction into the feedback loop of entropy source, the broadband analog chaos is converted into a binary digital signal. This binary digital signal is then mapped to a 65536-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) signal and injected into the semiconductor laser (SL) to regenerate the analog chaos, forming a closed loop. The binary digital signal from the chaos source and the encrypted signal are transmitted via wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). By using conventional digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms and neural networks for post-compensation, long-haul high-quality chaotic synchronization and high-performance secure communication are achieved. In addition, the probability density distribution of the analog chaotic signal is effectively improved by adopting the additional higher-order mapping operation in the digital part of the chaos source. The proof-of-concept experimental results show that our proposed scheme can support the secure transmission of 100 Gb/s quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signals over 1000 km of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). The decrypted bit error rate (BER) reaches 9.88 × 10 -4 , which is well below the 7% forward error correction (FEC) threshold (BER = 3.8 × 10 -3 ). This research provides a potential solution for high-capacity long-haul chaotic optical communications and fills the gap in secure communications based on analog-digital hybrid chaos.