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ABSTRACT Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) accounts for most cases of thyroid cancer, and the heterogeneity of DTC requires that management decisions be taken by a multidisciplinary team involving endocrinologists, head and neck surgeons, nuclear medicine physicians, pathologists, radiologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. It is important for nonspecialists to recognize and refer patients with DTC who will benefit from a specialized approach. Recent advances in knowledge and changes in management of DTC call for the need to raise awareness on the part of these nonspecialist physicians, including general endocrinologists and medical oncologists at large. We provide an overview of diagnostic and therapeutic principles in DTC, especially those that bear direct implication on day-to-day management of these patients by generalists. Patients with DTC may be broadly categorized as having localized, locally persistent/recurrent, or metastatic disease. Current recommendations for DTC include a three-tiered system that classifies patients with localized disease into low, intermediate, or high risk of persistent or recurrent disease. Risk stratification should be performed at baseline and repeated on an ongoing basis, depending on clinical evolution. One of the overarching goals in the management of DTC is the need to personalize treatment by tailoring its modality and intensity according to ongoing prognostic stratification, evolving knowledge about the disease, and patient characteristics and preference. In metastatic disease that is refractory to radioactive iodine, thyroid tumors are being reclassified into molecular subtypes that better reflect their biological properties and for which molecular alterations can be targeted with specific agents. more...

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo revisar sistematicamente a literatura, para avaliar o efeito do alongamento sobre a força muscular de pessoas saudáveis. Foram consultadas as fontes de dados: PubMed, Scopus e Scielo, utilizando-se os critérios de elegibilidade: intervenção com alongamento e medida de desempenho da força muscular, em pessoas saudáveis. Foram incluídos 18 estudos, que atenderam os critérios. Os tipos de alongamento utilizados foram o estático contínuo 20%, estático intermitente 60% e o dinâmico 20%. Os tipos de força avaliados foram: força máxima isométrica (12,5%), força máxima dinâmica (66,66%) e potência muscular (20,83%). 5,5% dos estudos demonstraram aumento da força muscular após o alongamento; 38,8% apresentaram redução, após o alongamento estático; 38,8% não observaram alteração; e 16,6% apresentaram aumento ou redução da força muscular dependendo do tipo de alongamento utilizado. Com base nos trabalhos analisados à realização de alongamento estático de forma prévia ao treinamento de diversas manifestações de força tenderam a reduzir ou não alterar o desempenho muscular. Não foi encontrada uma sinalização clara que o alongamento realizado antes do treino de força promova uma melhora de rendimento muscular. more...

Abstract Basic information about growth rate and response to silvicultural treatments on potential native species are bottlenecks for the wide use of these species for forest production. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the silvicultural performance of four native species as a function of pruning intensity. The experimental design was completely randomized with ten replications and one plant per plot, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, four forest species, and four pruning intensities. At 30 and 42 months, height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) were evaluated, then the current annual increment (CAI) was calculated, as well as the mean annual increment (MAI) at 42 months. Guazuma ulmifolia showed higher growth in height and DBH compared to other species at both ages. The pruning resulted in a reduction of MAI in 0.15 cm. year-1 in DBH for every 25% of pruning intensity. more...