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Corrosion fatigue behavior and mechanism of the weld joint of Q690qE high‐strength bridge steel was investigated in a simulated marine environment. It reveals the sub‐critical heat‐affected zone (SCHAZ) and coarse‐grained heat‐affected zone (CGHAZ) are the most vulnerable sites to corrosion fatigue cracking. The CGHAZ of the Q690qE steel weld joint was prone to corrosion fatigue initiation mainly because of micro‐galvanic corrosion between CGHAZ and weld metal (WM). The corrosion fatigue failure in SCHAZ mainly resulted from local stress/strain concentration due to weld softening. The final fracture location was determined by the competition between these two effects. Highlights: Corrosion fatigue mechanism of the weld joint of high‐strength bridge steel was proposed.The final corrosion fatigue fracture of the Q690qE steel weld joint mostly occurred in SCHAZ.SCHAZ was vulnerable to corrosion fatigue cracking mainly due to local softening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion behaviour of X65 steel in Shijiazhuang soil-simulated solution was investigated under different alternating current (AC) interference. Results show X65 pipeline steel presented weak passivation characteristics in this weakly alkaline solution, in which case AC interference could activate the anodic dissolution reaction and greatly accelerate uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion. AC interference could easily induce corrosion pits initiation and propagation in this weakly alkaline solution because of unstable passive film on steel surface and low pitting potential. Both the average corrosion rate and corrosion pits depth presented a power function with the increase of AC density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer (BCA) is one of the most prevalent cancers among women. Emerging evidence has revealed that Annexin A‐9 (ANXA9) plays a crucial function in the development of some cancers. Notably, ANXA9 has been reported to be a new prognostic biomarker for gastric and colorectal cancers. However, its expression and biological function in BCA have not yet been investigated. Using online bioinformatics tools such as TIMER, GEPIA, HPA, and UALCAN, we predicted ANXA9 expression and its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of BCA patients. RT‐qPCR and western blot were utilized to measure ANXA9 mRNA and ANXA9 protein expression in BCA patient tissues and cells. BCA‐derived exosomes were identified by transmission electron microscopy. Functional assays were employed to evaluate the biological role of ANXA9 in BCA cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. A tumor xenograft in vivo model was utilized to assess the role of ANXA9 in tumor growth in mice. Bioinformatics and functional screening analysis revealed that ANXA9 was highly expressed in BCA patient tissues, with median ANXA9 expression 1.5‐ to 2‐fold higher than in normal tissues (p < 0.05). RT‐qPCR confirmed that ANXA9 expression in BCA tissues was around 1.5‐fold higher than the adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.001). ANXA9 expression in different subtypes of BCA also showed a difference, and ANXA9 was found to be mostly significantly upregulated in luminal BCA relative to normal tissues or other histological subtypes (p < 0.001). Moreover, ANXA9 expression was elevated in different races, ages, clinical stages, node metastasis status, and menopause status groups relative to the normal group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, ANXA9 was found to be secreted by BCA tissue‐derived exosomes and its expression was upregulated 1‐ to 7‐fold in BCA cells treated with exosomes (p < 0.001), while its expression in MCF10A cells was not significantly altered by treatment with exosomes (p > 0.05). ANXA9 silencing induced a significant decrease of around 30% in the colony number of BCA cells (p < 0.01). The number of migrated and invaded BCA cells also decreased by around 65 and 68%, respectively, after silencing ANXA9 (p < 0.01). Tumor size was significantly reduced (nearly half) in the LV‐sh‐ANXA9 group relative to the LV‐NC group in the xenograft model (p < 0.01), suggesting that ANXA9 silencing repressed tumor progression in BCA progression in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, exosome‐derived ANXA9 functions as an oncogene that facilitates the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of BCA cells and enhances tumor growth in BCA development, which may provide a new prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for BCA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]