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This research summarizes the results of the scientific discussion about the logistic chain and its order penetration point and influences on the costs of stocks. The main goal of this article is to point out determining the order penetration point of the logistics chain and differentiation of stocks according to importance from the point of view of optimizing costs and securing liquid financial resources. The object of the research was the industrial company. In this research, methods focused on using ABC analysis and Pareto analysis. The results of this research show 5 order penetration points (OPP1-OPP5) and a Push and Pull system to manage material flows for order penetration point of the logistics chain at the customer's order point. Cost optimization was solved by classifying the stocks into categories A, B, and C which is an important fact for planning and inventory management. ABC method divided 100 types of inventories with costs €5 million into categories A, B, C. Critical types of stocks in category A represents the group of stocks 38,92,7,52,13,54,90 that were reduced. This reduction of critical stocks led to the release of funds tied up in stocks. This change has a positive effect on the financial side of the company's cash flow - financial flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the article is to analyze forecasts and actual development of Russian logistics on the basis of concrete example, figures, quotations and references to research. Today Russian logistics is passing the stage of active development, however, there are a lot of challenges and problems that should be overcome. A key trend in Russian logistics development is digitalization and introduction of new technologies. According to the research conducted by the Committee on Logistics Development, in 2020 about 78% of logistical market participants in Russia supported introduction of digital innovation in their work. It can cut costs of transportation, raise process efficiency and improve the quality of customer service. However, Russian logistics has not reached its full potential in this field. Key problems are poor introduction of advanced information technologies and undeveloped digital infrastructure. According to the research published by the journal ‘Logistics and Managing Supply Chains’ in 2021 only 25% of logistic companies in Russia use systems of managing storehouses and transport on the basis of artificial transportation, which allows companies to cut delivery period and provide more efficient use of transport infrastructure. According to Rosgosstrakh research in 2020, the volume of multimodal transportation in Russia grew by 15% in comparison with the previous year. However, the Federal Agency on Air Service reports that the development of infrastructure for multimodal transportation is not sufficient. A lot of Russian regions face the absence of connections between various types of transport, which can cause delays and higher delivery cost. We should also point out that Russian logistics still encounters problems with logistical costs. According to the research of ‘The International Journal of Economics and Management’ in 2020 Russia takes the 92nd place by the index of logistical costs among 160 countries. The key reasons for high costs are inefficient use of resources and weak coordination among participants of the logistic chain. The development of Russian logistics supposes introduction of digital technologies, rise in the share of multimodal transportation and cutting logistic costs. Along with this it is necessary to overcome a number of problems, such as low level of digital infrastructure and weal coordination in the logistic chain. It will require joint efforts on the part of government, business and education institutions.

Simulation is one of the methods in which a real system is substituted with a computer model where experiments are practiced and then subsequently analyzed and evaluated. After the application of the results of simulation and verification of its effects the results are applied in the real system with the aim to optimize processes. It seems that simulation is appropriate tool which offers all useful information about how model system works in given conditions. Simulation in planning and optimizing allows better and faster understanding of processes and guarantees that operational devices will work at the top of their effectiveness. Simulation plays an important role in optimization of logistic chains organization. There is a need to analyze strictly, find narrow places, remove them and consequently to repeat simulation with the new data. It is also very profitable to parallelly simulate more possible alternatives when there is a change in input data and consequently to compare them. The model of logistic chain created by simulation will considerably influence right decisions in process solving related to distribution. Subsequent optimization of logistic chain management can be aimed at the organization where the sum of final costs for transport and warehousing is minimum in compliance with basic parameters of customers' service level. In the paper classic systems of the management of logistic chains are compared, namely direct distribution and indirect distribution made by technology Cross-Dock canter. Final comparative analysis of both systems simulation points out not only to their advantages and disadvantages but also to the possibilities of their optimization and application in particular operational conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]