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Roof plate-specific spondin 1 (R-spondin1, RSPO1) is a Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activator that binds with Wnt ligands to stimulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is key to hair regeneration. However, it is not clear whether recombinant RSPO1 (rRSPO1) affects hair regeneration. Here, we treat C57BL/6 male mice with rRSPO1 and investigate the expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the activation of hair follicle stem cells in the dorsal skin. The mouse skin color score and hair-covered area are determined to describe hair growth, and the skin samples are subjected to H&E staining, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining to evaluate hair follicle development and the expressions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins. We find that rRSPO1 activates mouse hair follicle stem cells (mHFSCs) and accelerates hair regeneration. rRSPO1 increases the hair-covered area, the number of hair follicles, and the hair follicle diameter and length. Moreover, rRSPO1 enhances the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins and the expressions of HFSC markers, as well as mHFSC viability. These results indicate that subcutaneous injection of rRSPO1 can improve hair follicle development by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby promoting hair regeneration. This study demonstrates that rRSPO1 has the potential to treat hair loss by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

The intensity of air leakage not only increases the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal, but also is the cause of coal fire disasters caused by spontaneous combustion of coal left in the goaf. Aim to find the influence of the air leakage intensity on the spontaneous combustion characteristics of the remaining coal when the fire zone is opened, the coal spontaneous combustion characteristics measuring device is used to conduct a temperature-programming experiment on the coal samples, and then Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) is used for analysis to obtain different gas environments. The relative content of functional groups changes at each characteristic temperature point. The results show that in the oxygen-containing groups, the content of -COOH increases as the temperature rises. Although the change range of -C-O- is not obvious with the rise of the temperature point, its content is relatively high; in the functional groups of -OH, it is present at all temperature stages. It exists and the peak intensity is obvious; among the aliphatic hydrocarbons, the peak areas of -CH3 and -CH2 are both large, and both dry air and nitrogen atmosphere participate in the reaction at various temperature points, and the activity is high. Through structural parameter value analysis, T120 is the key active point temperature. In the coal sample that is naturally cooled under dry air or nitrogen atmosphere, the functional groups of the raw coal react more violently in T120, and the functional groups change more. As a whole, the increasing and decreasing trend of functional group changes in nitrogen atmosphere is smaller than that in dry air atmosphere, and the risk of coal re-ignition is also reduced.

With the rapid development of sensors and other devices, precise control for the generation of new energy, especially in the context of highly stochastic wind power generation, has been strongly supported. However, large-scale wind farm grid connection can cause the power system to enter a low inertia state, leading to frequency instability. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) have the advantages of a fast response speed and high flexibility, and can be applied to wind farm systems to improve the frequency fluctuation problem in the process of grid connection. To address the frequency fluctuation problem caused by the parameter error of the fuzzy membership function in the fuzzy control of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and a BESS, this paper proposes an improved Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm based on multi-source sensor data for optimizing the fuzzy controller to improve the frequency control ability of BESSs and DFIGs. A Gaussian wandering mechanism was introduced to improve the ABC algorithm and enhance the convergence speed of the algorithm, and the improved ABC algorithm was optimized for the selection of fuzzy control affiliation function parameters to improve the frequency response performance. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was verified on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform. After optimization using the proposed control strategy, the oscillation amplitude was reduced by 0.15 Hz, the precision was increased by 40%, and the steady-state frequency deviation was reduced by 26%. The results show that the method proposed in this paper provides a great improvement in the frequency stability of coordinated systems of wind farms and BESSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing proportion of new energy in the power system leads to a decrease in system inertia and weakens the frequency stability of the system. The use of grid-forming (GFM) control for inverters is an effective method to improve frequency stability in new energy generation systems. Due to uncertain disturbances in microgrids, it can cause changes in system frequency. A control strategy for linear active disturbance rejection control combined with model information (LADRC-MI) is proposed in this manuscript. In this method, the inertia level and damping of the system are improved by using virtual synchronous generator (VSG)-based GFM control. Then, the obtained part of the model information is written into the coefficient matrix of the linear extended state observer. The LADRC-MI is constructed to improve the immunity of the controller. Finally, the effectiveness of the strategy in improving the immunity and frequency stability of the converter is analyzed and verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spent LiFePO4 batteries are gradually increasing in popularity and interest, and their stable and insoluble olive-shaped structure poses a great challenge for the sustainable recycling of Li. In this study, a simple and sustainable Ca(ClO)2 system was proposed for the recovery of spent LiFePO4 battery cathode materials. The effects of both mechanochemical activation and hydrometallurgical enhanced leaching on the deconstruction of LiFePO4 and the leaching rates of Li and Fe in the Ca(ClO)2 system were studied. Compared with mechanochemical activation, Ca(ClO)2-assisted hydrometallurgical enhanced leaching can simultaneously achieve the separation and enrichment of the target components Li+ and Fe3+ and the Ca2+ impurities. The transformation path and reaction mechanism of LiFePO4 in the Ca(ClO)2 system were proposed based on the phase composition and micromorphology of the reaction products. In addition, the economic evaluation results show that Ca(ClO)2-assisted hydrometallurgical enhanced leaching has a high recovery economy. The developed Ca(ClO)2 system realizes the strong dissolution of spent LiFePO4 battery cathode materials and the sustainable comprehensive recovery of valuable components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is causally linked to impaired host glucose metabolism. We aimed to study effects of the new method of fecal microbiota transplantation, washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), on reducing glycemic variability (GV) in unstable diabetes. Methods: Fourteen eligible patients received three allogenic WMTs and were followed up at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Primary outcomes were daily insulin dose, glucose excursions during meal tests, and GV indices calculated from continuous monitoring or self‐monitoring glucose values. Secondary outcomes were multiomics data, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics, and metabolomics to explore underlying mechanisms. Results: Daily insulin dose and glucose excursions markedly dropped, whereas GV indices significantly improved up to 1 month. WMT increased gut microbial alpha diversity, beta diversity, and network complexity. Taxonomic changes featured lower abundance of genera Bacteroides and Escherichia‐Shigella, and higher abundance of genus Prevotella. Metagenomics functional annotations revealed enrichment of distinct microbial metabolic pathways, including methane biosynthesis, citrate cycle, amino acid degradation, and butyrate production. Derived metabolites correlated significantly with improved GV indices. WMT did not change circulating inflammatory cytokines, enteroendocrine hormones, or C‐peptide. Conclusions: WMT showed strong ameliorating effect on GV, raising the possibility of targeting gut microbiota as an effective regimen to reduce GV in diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thermal energy storage–updraft gasification device is a type of reactor that should be considered for use in solid waste gasification research that can save energy. However, the operating parameters and internal flow field during its operation remain unclear. In this study, a numerical model of the thermal energy storage–solid waste gasification device based on the computational fluid dynamics dense discrete phase model (CFD-DDPM) which had almost never been used before was established, and an innovative method that causes particles to be piled to simulate the gasification process was proposed according to the updraft fixed bed gasification characteristics; meanwhile, solid waste gasification experiments were conducted on the device. This study focused on the influence of moisture content and excess air coefficient on the gasification process of solid waste particles, and the velocity, pressure, temperature, and species distribution of the internal flow field of the device were analyzed. Simulation results showed that the higher the moisture content of particles, the greater the amplitude of changes in the internal physical field of the device. The fluid pressure drop is around 25 Pa–75 Pa for different working conditions. The combustible species of the gas of moist particles raise slightly with the increase in excess air coefficient, while the dry particles have the opposite effect. Compared with other gasification devices of the same type, the hydrogen production of this device is about 2–3 times higher. Our findings could facilitate the analysis, predict the operation status, and provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of this device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]